Hele mākou a pau i ka haukapila, kahi kikowaena channeling, a i ʻole kahi keʻena lapaʻau e loaʻa ai ka lāʻau no kahi maʻi. Akā e noʻonoʻo, pehea inā hele mākou no ka lāʻau a loaʻa kahi maʻi hou ma waho aʻe o kēlā maʻi? He mea paʻakikī loa ke noʻonoʻo. Akā i kekahi manawa hiki ke hana. Pēlā mākou e kapa ai i nā " Healthcare-Associated Infections " (HAIs) nā maʻi a mākou e loaʻa ai i ka wā e loaʻa ana ka lāʻau ma kahi hale mālama ola.
He aha maoli kēia mau maʻi pili i ka haukapila (HAIs)?
I ka ʻōlelo maʻalahi, ʻo kēlā me kēia maʻi āu e loaʻa ai mai kahi haukapila, ʻoki kino, a i ʻole ke keʻena lapaʻau no ka mālama ʻana i kekahi maʻi ʻē aʻe e hāʻule i loko o kēia māhele. I kekahi manawa hiki i kēia ke lilo i mau maʻi liʻiliʻi, akā i kekahi mau hihia, hiki iā lākou ke hana i nā kūlana koʻikoʻi e hiki ke hoʻoweliweli i ke ola.
Ma keʻano laulā, i mea e manaʻo ʻia ai kahi maʻi he maʻi pili i ka haukapila, pono e hoʻokō ʻia kēia mau mea:
- Ka ʻike ʻana i ka maʻi i loko o 48 mau hola o ke komo ʻana i ka haukapila.
- Ka maʻi i loko o 3 mau lā ma hope o ka hoʻokuʻu ʻia ʻana mai ka haukapila.
- He maʻi i loko o 30 mau lā o ke ʻoki ʻana.
ʻO ke kumu nui o kēia mau maʻi, ʻo ia nā germs . ʻO ia hoʻi, nā microorganisms e like me ka bacteria , nā virus , a me nā fungi . ʻO ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, hiki ke pale ʻia ka nui o kēia mau maʻi. Pono kēia i ka hana like ʻana ma waena o nā limahana o ka haukapila, nā mea maʻi, a me ko lākou mau ʻohana.
He aha nā ʻano maʻi maʻamau e pili ana i ka haukapila?
Aia kekahi mau ʻano maʻi e hiki ke loaʻa i loko o kahi haukapila. E nānā kākou i nā mea nui. Ua kau wau iā lākou i loko o kahi papa e like me kēia e maʻalahi ai ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana.
| ʻAno maʻi | I ka ʻōlelo maʻalahi… |
|---|---|
| ʻO ka maʻi C. diff (Clostridioides difficile) | He maʻi bacteria maʻamau kēia e hoʻoulu ai i ka mumū o nā ʻōpū a me ka maʻi palahēhē nui. Hiki i kekahi poʻe ke loaʻa hou i kekahi mau pule ma hope o ko lākou loaʻa ʻana. |
| ʻO ka maʻi ʻaʻai mimi e pili ana i ka catheter (CAUTI) | Hiki i nā maʻi i hoʻokomo ʻia kahi catheter no ka manawa lōʻihi ke loaʻa i nā maʻi ʻōnaehana mimi. Ma kahi o ka hapakolu o nā maʻi e pili ana i ka haukapila o kēia ʻano. |
| ʻO ka maʻi koko e pili ana i ka laina waena (CLABSI) | ʻO ka laina waena he ʻōmole kūikawā i hoʻokomo ʻia i loko o kahi aa koko nui kokoke i ka puʻuwai e hāʻawi i ka lāʻau lapaʻau a huki i ke koko. Hiki i kēia ke ʻae i nā germs e komo i ke kino a hoʻoulu i ka maʻi koko. |
| ʻO ka maʻi MRSA (Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus) | He maʻi maʻamau nō hoʻi kēia. ʻO ka mea kūikawā e pili ana i kēia bacteria, ʻo ia kona kūpaʻa i nā lāʻau antibiotic maʻamau e like me ka penicillin a me ka amoxicillin. |
| ʻO ka maʻi ʻeha ma kahi ʻoki (SSI) | Hiki i kēia mau maʻi ke hiki ʻaʻole wale ma ka ʻili o kahi ʻeha ʻoki, nā ʻiʻo hohonu, nā ʻōpū, akā ma nā mea hana i hoʻokomo ʻia i loko o ke kino, e like me nā pacemakers. |
| ʻO ka niumonia e pili ana i ka mīkini hanu (VAP) | Hiki i nā mea maʻi i hoʻopili ʻia i kahi ventilator ke loaʻa i ka maʻi pneumonia inā komo nā germs i loko o nā māmā ma o ka ʻōmole hanu. |
He aha nā hōʻailona o kēia mau maʻi?
Hiki ke ʻokoʻa nā hōʻailona ma muli o ke ʻano o ka maʻi. Akā aia kekahi mau hōʻailona maʻamau āu e ʻike ai. Inā ʻoe e mālama ʻia ana ma kahi haukapila a i ʻole ua hana ʻia ke ʻoki kino i hala koke nei, he mea nui loa ia e makaʻala i kēia mau hōʻailona.
- kuni
- Haʻalulu ma muli o ke anu
- Ka paʻakikī o ka hanu ʻana (Dyspnea)
- Kuke
- ʻeha ka ʻōpū
- Nā palpitations o ka puʻuwai
- Ka maʻi pākī
- ʻOi aku ka pinepine o ka mimi ma mua o ka maʻamau (Pyluria)
- ʻEha a wela paha i ka wā e mimi ai (Dysuria)
- Nā loli o ke ʻano (e like me ka huhū, ka huhū koke ʻana)
E noʻonoʻo ua hana ʻia ʻoe i ke ʻoki kino a aia ʻoe i ka home. Inā ʻulaʻula ka wahi āu i hana ai i ke ʻoki kino, pehu, a puka mai ka wai e like me ka pus mai loko mai o ia mea i loko o ʻelua a ʻekolu mau lā, he hōʻailona paha ia o kahi maʻi ʻoki kino (SSI). I ia mau hihia, pono ʻoe e kāhea koke i kāu kauka .
Pehea e laha ai kēia mau maʻi a ʻo wai ka mea i pilikia nui?
Hiki i kēia mau maʻi ke laha ma nā ʻano like ʻole.
- Ma o nā kulu liʻiliʻi o ka lawai e komo i ka lewa i ka wā e ʻū ai a kihe paha ka mea maʻi .
- Ke hoʻopā aku nā limahana mālama ola i nā mea maʻi me ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe pono ʻole i ko lākou mau lima.
- I ka wā e hoʻohana ai i nā lako lapaʻau i hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻole ʻia.
- Ma ka hoʻopā ʻana i nā ʻili (nā puka, nā moena) i haumia i nā germs.
Inā ʻoe e hoʻohana i kēia mau mea i ka wā o kekahi mālama ʻana, ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o kou pilikia o ka loaʻa ʻana o kahi maʻi i loaʻa i ka haukapila.
- Nā catheters mimi
- Hoʻoulu ʻana i ka ea
- Nā inikini
- ʻoki kino
I kēia mau hihia a pau, ua hou ʻia ka ʻili, ʻo ia ke pale kūlohelohe o ko mākou kino, e hana ana i ala no nā germs e komo i loko o ke kino. No laila he mea nui e mālama i ka maʻemaʻe loa a me ka disinfection i ia mau hihia.
He aha nā pilikia e hiki ke kū mai ma muli o kēia maʻi?
ʻAʻole he mea maʻalahi ka maʻi i loaʻa i ka haukapila. Inā ʻaʻole mālama pono ʻia, hiki iā ia ke alakaʻi i nā pilikia koʻikoʻi. ʻOkoʻa kēia mau pilikia ma muli o ke ʻano o ka maʻi.
| ʻAno o ka maʻi | Nā pilikia hiki ke loaʻa |
|---|---|
| Nā maʻi kahe koko e pili ana i ka laina waena (CLABSI) | Ka mumū ʻana o ka uhi o loko o ka puʻuwai (Endocarditis), nā maʻi iwi (Osteomyelitis), ka laha ʻana o nā germs ma ke kino holoʻokoʻa (Sepsis). |
| Nā maʻi ʻeha ma ke kahua ʻoki (SSI) | Ka lohi o ka ho'ōla ʻana o ka ʻeha, ka pono no ke ʻoki hou ʻana, ka hōʻole ʻana i nā mea i hoʻokomo ʻia, ka sepsis. |
| Nā maʻi ʻōpū mimi (CAUTI) | Nā maʻi ʻōpū mimi e hana hou ʻia ana, sepsis. |
| ʻO ka niumonia e pili ana i ka mīkini hanu (VAP) | Ka holo ʻole o ka hanu, empyema, sepsis. |
Pehea e mālama ʻia ai?
E nānā mua ke kauka i kāu mau hōʻailona a, inā ua hana ʻia ʻoe i ke ʻoki ʻana, e nānā i ka ʻeha. Inā kānalua ʻia kahi maʻi, hiki iā lākou ke kauoha i nā hoʻāʻo koko a i ʻole nā hoʻāʻo mimi e hōʻoia i ka hōʻailona.
Hoʻoholo ʻia ka lāʻau lapaʻau e ke kumu o ka maʻi.
- ʻO nā lāʻau antibiotic inā he maʻi bacteria
- ʻO nā lāʻau antiviral inā he maʻi viral
- Nā lāʻau antifungal inā he maʻi fungal ia
Akā, aia kekahi pilikia nui ma ʻaneʻi. ʻO ia ke kūʻē ʻana i nā antibiotic . ʻO ia hoʻi, ua maʻa kekahi ʻano bacteria i nā lāʻau lapaʻau i ka hala ʻana o ka manawa a lilo i kūʻē i kēlā mau lāʻau. He pilikia nui kēia i ka wā e mālama ai i nā maʻi i loaʻa i ka haukapila. ʻO ia ke kumu e ʻōlelo ai mākou ʻaʻole e hoʻohana pono i nā antibiotics.
ʻO ka mea nui loa: Pehea e pale ʻia ai kēia mau maʻi?
ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o ka pale ʻana ma mua o ka hoʻōla ʻana, a ma ke ʻano he mea maʻi, hiki iā ʻoe a me kou ʻohana ke pāʻani i kahi kuleana nui i kēia.
- E mālama i kou mau lima i ka maʻemaʻe: ʻO ka holoi pono ʻana i kou mau lima me ke kopa a me ka wai ke ala maikaʻi loa e pale aku ai i ka laha ʻana o nā germs. E holoi i kou mau lima ma mua a ma hope o kēlā me kēia kipa ʻana i ka haukapila, ʻoiai ke kipa ʻana i kahi maʻi.
- Mai makaʻu e nīnau i nā nīnau: E nīnau i ke kauka a i ʻole ke kahu maʻi e mālama nei iā ʻoe e pili ana i nā hana kaohi maʻi a lākou e hahai ai. Eia kekahi laʻana, ua maikaʻi ke nīnau, "E ke kauka, ua holoi anei ʻoe i kou mau lima ma mua o ka hāʻawi ʻana iaʻu i ka inikini?"
- Inā he catheter urinary kāu, e makaʻala iā ia:E nīnau mau i ke kauka, "Pono anei kēia catheter?" No ka mea, kiʻekiʻe ka pilikia o ka maʻi inā e kau ʻia ana.
- E hoʻohana i nā lāʻau antibiotic e like me ke kauoha a kāu kauka: E lawe iā lākou e like me ke kauoha, ma ka nui i kuhikuhi ʻia, no ka lōʻihi o ka manawa i kuhikuhi ʻia. Mai hoʻōki i ka lawe ʻana iā lākou i ka hapalua.
- E hoʻomaopopo ʻia ma mua a ma hope o ke ʻoki ʻana: E nīnau i kāu kauka i kāu mea e pono ai e hana e pale aku i nā maʻi ma mua a ma hope o ke ʻoki ʻana.
- E hoʻomaopopo i nā hōʻailona o ka maʻi: Inā ʻike ʻoe i kekahi mau hōʻailona o ka maʻi e like me ka ʻulaʻula, ka pehu, ka ʻeha, a i ʻole ka pus a puni kahi ʻeha , e hoʻomaopopo koke i kāu kauka.
- E kiʻi i nā lāʻau pale e pono ai: E kiʻi i nā lāʻau pale i ʻōlelo ʻia, e like me ka pana paʻi, i ka manawa kūpono.
Hele mākou i ka haukapila me ka manaʻolana e ola hou. He mea kaumaha maoli ka maʻi hou ʻana ma ia wahi. Akā e hoʻomanaʻo, hiki ke pale ʻia ka nui o kēia mau maʻi. He kuleana ko kākou a pau e pale i ko kākou olakino. Inā ʻike ʻoe i kahi mea e hiki ai ke hoʻoweliweli iā ʻoe a i ʻole kekahi mea ʻē aʻe i ka maʻi, mai kānalua e hoʻomaopopo i nā limahana mālama ola.
Leka Lawe-Home
- ʻO nā maʻi pili i ka haukapila (HAIs) nā maʻi i loaʻa i ka wā e mālama ʻia ai ma kahi keʻena mālama ola.
- Hiki ke hana ʻia kēia e nā bacteria, nā virus, a i ʻole nā haʻi, a i kekahi manawa hiki ke koʻikoʻi.
- Hiki ke pale ʻia ka nui o kēia mau maʻi. ʻO ke ala nui a maʻalahi hoʻi e hana ai i kēlā, ʻo ia ka holoi pono ʻana i kou mau lima .
- Ma ke ʻano he mea maʻi, loaʻa iā ʻoe ke kuleana e nīnau i nā nīnau e pili ana i kāu mālama ola kino. E nīnau i kāu hui lapaʻau e pili ana i nā hana kaohi maʻi.
- Inā loaʻa iā ʻoe kekahi mau hōʻailona o ka maʻi, e like me ke kuni, ka ʻulaʻula, a i ʻole ka pehu ʻana o ka ʻeha ma hope o ka hoʻokuʻu ʻia ʻana mai ka haukapila a i ʻole ma hope o ke ʻoki ʻana, e ʻike koke i kāu kauka.
Nā maʻi pili i ka haukapila, nā maʻi nosocomial, nā maʻi pili i ka mālama ola, nā maʻi i loaʻa i ka haukapila, C. diff, MRSA, CAUTI, nā maʻi ma kahi ʻoki kino, sepsis, pale ʻana i ka maʻi
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