Loaʻa pinepine iā mākou ke kuni, ke anu, ke kuni. I kekahi manawa loaʻa pū kekahi iā mākou ka ʻeha o ka ʻōpū, ka maʻi kahe, a pēlā aku. I nā manawa e like me kēia, manaʻo pinepine mākou, "ʻAuē... he virus kēia." Akā, ʻaʻole pono ia he virus i nā manawa a pau. I kekahi manawa hiki ke lilo i maʻi bacteria. No laila, he aha ka ʻokoʻa ma waena o kēia mau mea ʻelua, ʻo ka bacteria a me nā virus? Pehea mākou e ʻike ai iā lākou? E kamaʻilio pololei kākou e pili ana i kēia i kēia lā.
Nā hōʻailona maʻamau o nā maʻi bacteria a me nā viral
He nui nā mea like o nā ʻano maʻi ʻelua. Hoʻokumu ʻia nā mea ʻelua e nā microorganism i hiki ʻole iā mākou ke ʻike me ko mākou mau maka. Hoʻokumu ʻia nā maʻi bacteria e nā bacteria, a hoʻokumu ʻia nā maʻi viral e nā virus. Hiki i nā ʻano ʻelua ke laha ma ke ʻano like.
- I ka wā e ʻū ana a me ka ʻūhā ʻana.
- Ke pili kokoke ʻoe me kahi mea i loaʻa i ka maʻi (ʻoi aku hoʻi ma o ka honi ʻana a me ka moekolohe).
- Mai nā ʻili haumia, ka meaʻai, a me ka wai.
- Mai nā holoholona hānai, nā holoholona mahiʻai, a me nā pepeke e like me nā ʻuku a me nā makika.
Hiki i kēia mau microorganism ke hana i nā ʻano maʻi like ʻole:
- Nā maʻi ʻeha: E hoʻomaikaʻi kēia i loko o kekahi mau lā, hoʻokahi a ʻelua paha pule.
- Nā maʻi maʻi mau: Hiki i kēia ke mau no nā pule, nā mahina, a i ʻole ke ola holoʻokoʻa.
- Nā maʻi huna: ʻAʻole paha e hōʻike kēia i nā hōʻailona i ka wā mua, akā hiki ke hoʻi hou i nā mahina a i ʻole nā makahiki ma hope.
ʻO ka mea nui loa, hiki i nā maʻi bacteria a me nā viral ke hana i nā maʻi ʻoluʻolu, kaulike, a koʻikoʻi hoʻi.
He aha ka ʻokoʻa nui ma waena o ka bacteria a me nā virus?
ʻOiai he liʻiliʻi loa nā bacteria a me nā virus e ʻike me ka ʻole o kahi microscope, aia kahi ʻokoʻa nui ma waena o nā mea ʻelua, e like me ka giraffe a me ka iʻa gula.
Bacteria
I ka ʻōlelo maʻalahi, he mau meaola paʻakikī nā bacteria i hana ʻia me hoʻokahi cell. Hiki iā lākou ke ola ma o lākou iho, e māhele a hoʻonui me ke kōkua ʻole o kekahi meaola ʻē aʻe. Loaʻa iā lākou kahi mōʻaukala e hoʻi ana ma kahi o 3.5 biliona mau makahiki. Hiki iā lākou ke ola ma lalo o nā kūlana kaiapuni koʻikoʻi, e like me ka wela nui, ke anu nui, a me nā ʻōpala radioactive.
Akā, ʻaʻole nā bacteria a pau i ʻino e like me kā mākou e manaʻo nei. ʻAʻohe mea ʻino o ka hapa nui o nā bacteria. Kōkua kekahi mau bacteria iā mākou e hoʻoheheʻe i ka meaʻai, luku i nā germs ʻē aʻe e hoʻoulu ai i nā maʻi, hakakā i nā cell cancer, a hāʻawi pū iā mākou i nā meaʻai. ʻO ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻaʻole i hiki i ka 1% o nā bacteria ke hoʻoulu i ka maʻi i loko o ke kanaka .
Nā maʻi ʻino
ʻOi aku ka liʻiliʻi o nā virus ma mua o nā bacteria. Loaʻa iā lākou kahi ʻaʻahu protein a me nā mea genetic (RNA a i ʻole DNA) i loko. ʻAʻole e like me ka bacteria, ʻaʻole hiki i kahi virus ke ola hoʻokahi.Pono maoli lākou i kahi pūnaewele ola ʻē aʻe (host) e ola a hoʻohua hou.
ʻO ka hana a kahi virus, komo ia i loko o kahi cell olakino i loko o ko kākou kino, lawe i ka mana o kēlā cell, a hoʻohana i kēlā cell e hana i nā tausani o nā virus ʻē aʻe e like me ia iho. I ka hopena, pohā a make kēlā cell, akā ua hoʻokuʻu ʻia nā virus i hana hou ʻia a hoʻouka i nā cell ʻē aʻe.
ʻAʻole e like me ka bacteria, nui nā virus e hoʻoulu i nā maʻi a he kikoʻī loa lākou e pili ana i ke ʻano o nā cell a lākou e hoʻouka ai. No ka laʻana, hoʻouka kekahi mau virus i nā cell ate, aʻo kekahi e hoʻouka i nā cell i loko o ka ʻōnaehana hanu.
Hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻokaʻawale ma waena o nā mea ʻelua ma muli o nā hōʻailona?
Hiki ke like loa nā hōʻailona o nā maʻi bacteria a me nā viral.
- Kuke
- Ke kunu ʻana
- kuni
- Ka luaʻi ʻana
- Ka maʻi pākī
- Luhi
- ʻEha kino a me ka ʻōʻō ʻana
ʻO kēia mau hōʻailona ke ʻano o kā mākou ʻōnaehana pale e hoʻāʻo ai e hoʻopau i ka mea hoʻolaha i komo i loko o ke kino. ʻOiai ua like nā hōʻailona, ua ʻokoʻa kēia mau ʻano maʻi ʻelua ma nā ʻano he nui, e like me ke ʻano o kā lākou pane ʻana i ka lāʻau lapaʻau. No laila he paʻakikī ke ʻike maopopo inā he bacteria a he virus paha ma ka nānā wale ʻana i nā hōʻailona.
Nā maʻi bacteria a me nā maʻi viral maʻamau
E nānā kākou i nā maʻi maʻamau e kū nei iā kākou i ko kākou ola.
| Nā maʻi bacteria maʻamau | Nā maʻi viral maʻamau |
|---|---|
| No ka ʻōnaehana hanu:
No ka ʻōnaehana hoʻoheheʻe:
I ka ʻōnaehana nerve:
|
Pehea e ʻike pololei ai ke kauka i kēia?
Inā kānalua ʻoe he maʻi bacteria a viral paha kou, e ʻike pono i kāu kauka. ʻAʻohe mea e hopohopo ai no kekahi mea liʻiliʻi e like me ke anu maʻamau.
Ma muli o kekahi mau maʻi, e like me ka pneumonia, meningitis, a me ka diarrhea, hiki ke hana ʻia e nā bacteria a me nā virus, i kekahi manawa paʻakikī ke ʻike pololei i ke kumu. Akā hiki i kāu kauka ke loaʻa kahi manaʻo ma ka lawe ʻana i kāu mōʻaukala lapaʻau a me ka hana ʻana i kahi hoʻokolokolo kino.
Inā pono, e noi ʻia paha ʻoe e hana i kahi hoʻāʻo koko, hoʻāʻo mimi, a i ʻole hoʻāʻo moʻomeheu e hōʻoia i ka hōʻailona. Hiki i kēia mau hoʻāʻo ke kōkua i ka hoʻoholo ʻana inā ua hoʻokumu ʻia ka maʻi e ka bacteria a i ʻole kahi virus.
Pehea e mālama ʻia ai? Aia kekahi ʻokoʻa ma waena o nā mea ʻelua?
ʻAe, ʻokoʻa loa ke ʻano o ka mālama ʻana i kēia mau ʻano maʻi ʻelua.
Ka mālama ʻana i nā maʻi bacteria
Hoʻohana ʻia nā lāʻau antibiotic e mālama i nā maʻi bacteria. He mea nui loa kēia i ka lāʻau lapaʻau.
Akā eia kekahi mea nui loa no kākou a pau e hoʻomanaʻo: ʻAʻole hana nā antibiotics i nā virus!
ʻO ka mea pōʻino, no ka mea, hoʻohana mākou i nā antibiotics i ka wā ʻaʻole pono ai a me ka ʻole o ke aʻo ʻana a ke kauka, ua kūʻē kekahi mau bacteria i kēlā mau lāʻau (antibiotic resistance). Ua lilo kēia i pilikia olakino koʻikoʻi ma ka honua i kēia lā.
Ka mālama ʻana i nā maʻi viral
He mea paʻakikī iki ka mālama ʻana i nā maʻi viral no ka mea noho nā virus i loko o ko kākou mau pūnaewele ponoʻī.
- Nā lāʻau pale: ʻO ka loaʻa ʻana o ka lāʻau pale ke ala maikaʻi loa e pale aku ai i nā maʻi viral he nui. Kōkua nā lāʻau pale i ka pale ʻana iā mākou mai nā maʻi e like me ka measles, polio, mumps, hepatitis B, a me HPV.
- Nā lāʻau lapaʻau antiviral: Aia nā lāʻau lapaʻau antiviral no kekahi mau maʻi viral e like me ka herpes, HIV/AIDS, a me ka maʻi palū. Eia nō naʻe, pono e hoʻohana ʻia kēia mau mea ma lalo o ke aʻo a ke kauka.
ʻAʻole kōkua ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā antibiotics no kahi maʻi viral. Hoʻopau wale ia i nā bacteria maikaʻi i loko o ko mākou kino a hana i nā bacteria kū'ē i ka antibiotic. No laila,He mea naʻauao ke hoʻohana ʻole i nā antibiotics ke ʻole he hōʻike maopopo o kahi maʻi bacteria.
Leka Lawe-Home
- Hiki ke like nā hōʻailona o nā maʻi bacteria a me nā viral, no laila mai hoʻoholo i ka maʻi āu i loaʻa ai ma muli o nā hōʻailona wale nō.
- He mau pūnaewele hiki ke ola ponoʻī nā bacteria. He microorganism ka virus e pono ai kekahi pūnaewele ola ʻē aʻe e ola a laha.
- Hana wale nā antibiotics i nā maʻi bacteria. ʻAʻohe o lākou hopena i nā virus.
- Mai lawe wale i nā lāʻau antibiotic me ka ʻole o ke aʻo ʻana a ke kauka. Inā kuhikuhi kāu kauka i ka lāʻau, e hōʻoia e lawe iā ia no ka manawa piha i kuhikuhi ʻia.
- ʻO ke ala maikaʻi loa e pale aku ai iā ʻoe iho mai nā maʻi viral koʻikoʻi he nui, ʻo ia ka loaʻa ʻana o ka lāʻau pale.
- Inā he kānalua kou e pili ana i ka maʻi āu e loaʻa nei, inā koʻikoʻi kou mau hōʻailona, a inā ʻaʻole ʻoe e hoʻomaikaʻi i loko o kekahi mau lā, e ʻoluʻolu e ʻike i kāu kauka.
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