Makapo: Ua ʻike anei mākou i kēia?

Ua like kou mau maka me nā pōhaku makamae makamae, ʻeā? Pehea kou manaʻo inā loaʻa kekahi mea i kēia mau maka ʻelua e kōkua iā kākou e ʻike i ke ao nei? I kēia lā, e kamaʻilio kākou e pili ana i kahi kumuhana a ka poʻe he nui e makaʻu nei, a he mea nui nō hoʻi ia. ʻO ia ka nalowale piha a hapa paha o ka ʻike maka, a i ʻole e like me ka kapa ʻana o nā kauka, he makapō. I kekahi manawa, inā nalowale koke kou ʻike maka, he pilikia ia, a pono ʻoe e ʻimi koke i ke kōkua lapaʻau.

He aha maoli ka makapō? He aha kona mau ʻano?

I ka ʻōlelo maʻalahi, ʻo ka makapō ka hiki ʻole ke ʻike i kekahi mea. ʻAʻole hiki i kekahi poʻe ke ʻike i ka mālamalama. Eia kekahi, ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻihoʻi ʻia kēia ʻike me nā aniani, nā aniani hoʻopili, nā kulu maka, a i ʻole ke ʻoki kino. I kēia manawa e nānā kākou i nā ʻano like ʻole o ka makapō.

1. Makapō hapa / ʻIke haʻahaʻa

I kēia hihia, loaʻa iā ʻoe kekahi ʻike. ʻAʻole makapō loa, akā ua palupalu loa kou ʻike a paʻakikī ke hana i nā hana o kēlā me kēia lā. Ua kapa pū kekahi poʻe he "ʻike haʻahaʻa." Hiki paha iā ʻoe ke ʻike i nā leka nui, a i ʻole he pōwehiwehi paha kou ʻike.

2. Makapō Piha

He kūlana kākaʻikahi loa kēia. Ma kēia kūlana, ʻaʻole hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike i kekahi mea a i ʻole e manaʻo i ka māmā.

3. Makapō hānau

Hānau ʻia kekahi mau pēpē me nā pilikia ʻike. Hiki ke hana ʻia kēia e nā maʻi maka a me ka retina hoʻoilina, a i ʻole nā ​​​​pilikia ʻē aʻe e kū mai ana i ka wā hānau.

4. Makapō Kānāwai

He ʻano ʻōlelo loea kēia. ʻO ia hoʻi, inā ʻoe e kau i nā aniani maka a i ʻole nā ​​aniani hoʻopili ma kou maka maikaʻi loa, ua hoʻemi ʻia kou ʻike waena i kahi pae. I mea e pololei ai, no ka ʻike ʻana i kahi mea a kekahi e ʻike maʻamau ai mai 200 kapuaʻi ka mamao, pono ʻoe e neʻe ma kahi o 20 kapuaʻi kokoke aku, a i ʻole e pono e hoʻonui ʻia ka mea he ʻumi manawa. ʻO kēia ka mea i kapa ʻia ʻo ka ʻike '20/200' . Eia kekahi, hiki ke manaʻo ʻia ʻoe he makapō kū kānāwai ʻoiai inā ʻo kou ʻike peripheral, ʻo ia ka nui o ka ʻike hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike i nā ʻaoʻao, ʻaʻole i emi ma mua o 20 degere.

5. Makapō Meaʻai

He kūlana kaumaha loa kēia. Hoʻokumu ʻia kēia maʻi e ka nele o ka Vitamin A. Inā hoʻomau ka nele o ka Vitamin A, hiki ke hōʻino ʻia ka ʻili mua o ka maka. Ua kapa ʻia hoʻi kēia he `(Xerophthalmia)`. ʻAʻole wale ia, akā hiki ke emi ka ʻike i ka pō a i ʻole i nā kūlana haʻahaʻa, no ka mea, ʻaʻole hana pono nā cell i loko o ka retina.

E noʻonoʻo wale: pehea ke koʻikoʻi o ka pale ʻana i ko kākou mau maka ma ka mālama ʻana i kā kākou meaʻai a me ka mea inu!

E aʻo iki kākou e pili ana i ka makapō kala.

Ua lohe paha ʻoe i ka "makapō kala." ʻAʻole like kēia me ka makapō a mākou i ʻōlelo ai ma mua. He ʻano ia kahi āu e ʻike ai i nā kala ma ke ʻano ʻokoʻa ma mua o nā poʻe ʻē aʻe. Loaʻa paha iā ʻoe ka pilikia i ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i kekahi mau kala. Hiki ke hoʻoilina ʻia kēia, a i ʻole hiki ke ulu ma hope o ke ola ma muli o ka hōʻino ʻia o ka retina a i ʻole ke aʻalolo optic. Inā ʻike wale ʻoe i ka ʻeleʻele, keʻokeʻo, a me ka hina hina, ua kapa ʻia kēia ʻano he achromatopsia.

Makapō hiki ke pale ʻia

ʻO ke ʻano kēia, hiki mai ka makapō ma muli o kahi maʻi hiki ke mālama ʻia, akā ʻaʻole i loaʻa i ke kanaka kekahi lāʻau lapaʻau. ʻO ka pinepine, ʻo ke kumu o kēia, ʻo ia ka nele o ke komo ʻana i ka mālama maka. No ka laʻana, inā ʻaʻole mālama pono ʻia kahi kanaka me ka maʻi diabetes ``(Diabetes Mellitus)``, hiki ke ulu kahi maʻi o ka retina i hoʻokumu ʻia e ka maʻi diabetes ``(Diabetic Retinopathy)`` a nalowale ko lākou ʻike. Pēlā nō, inā ʻaʻole mālama ʻia kahi kanaka me ke koko kiʻekiʻe ``(Hypertension)``, hiki ke ulu kahi maʻi o ka retina i hoʻokumu ʻia e ke koko kiʻekiʻe ``(Hypertensive Retinopathy)``.

Pehea ka maʻamau o ka makapō?

ʻO ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻo ka makapō kekahi mea i ʻike ʻia ma ka honua holoʻokoʻa, me ko mākou ʻāina. Hiki ke hana ʻia i kekahi. Wahi a nā helu helu ma kahi o 43 miliona mau kānaka ma ka honua holoʻokoʻa e ʻeha nei i ka makapō. He nui aku ka poʻe i ʻike haʻahaʻa ka ʻike.

He aha nā hōʻailona e kū mai ana ma mua o ka makapō?

I ka makapō loa, ʻo ka hōʻailona nui ka hiki ʻole ke ʻike i kekahi mea a ʻaʻole hoʻi e ʻike i ka mālamalama. Eia naʻe, i ka emi mālie ʻana o ka ʻike, nā hōʻailona e like me:

• ʻIke pōwehiwehi .
• ʻEha maka .
• Nā mea lana a me nā ʻālohilohi o ke kukui.
• ʻIke i ka mālamalama (Photophobia).
• Ka nalowale koke ʻana o ka ʻike maka , a i ʻole ke ʻano o nā kiko ʻeleʻele i mua o nā maka.

Inā ʻike ʻoe i kekahi o kēia mau hōʻailona, ​​​​pono ʻoe e ʻike koke i ke kauka, ʻeā?

No ke aha e kū mai ai kēia makapō? He aha nā kumu?

Nui nā kumu o ka makapō. Hiki i nā ʻeha maka, nā maʻi, a me nā maʻi like ʻole ke kōkua i ia.

1. Nā ʻeha maka / ʻeha maka

Nui nā ʻano like ʻole e hiki ai ke hōʻeha i ka maka. ʻO ka hapa pinepine, hoʻokahi wale nō maka e hoʻopilikia ai.

• Nā kuni kemika .
• Nā mea ʻawahia i loko o nā maka.
• Hakakā.
• Ma muli o nā mea e like me nā kuki.
• Nā mea e like me nā ulia a me ka hāʻule ʻana ma kahi hana.
• Nā ulia kaʻa.
• Nā ulia i ka wā e pāʻani ana i nā haʻuki.

Hiki i nā mea e like me kēia ke hōʻeha nui i nā maka a me ka nalowale o ka ʻike.

2. Nā maʻi a me ka makapō

Hiki i nā maʻi like ʻole ke hoʻopilikia i ka ʻike, a i kekahi manawa hiki ke makapō.

• Trachoma: ʻO kēia ke kumu nui o ka makapō hiki ke pale ʻia ma ka honua.
• ʻO ka maʻi Cytomegalovirus .
• Endophthalmitis : He maʻi koʻikoʻi i loko o ka maka.
• ʻO ka histoplasmosis.
• Keratitis: ʻO kahi maʻi o ka cornea, no ka laʻana, ʻo Acanthamoeba Keratitis.
• ʻO ka Rubella.
• Shingles: He maʻi i hoʻokumu ʻia e ka maʻi herpes zoster.
• ʻO ka maʻi syphilis.
• ʻO ka maʻi toxoplasmosis.
• Uveitis : Ka mumū ʻana o ka papa waena o ka maka (uvea).

3. Nā maʻi ʻē aʻe ʻaʻole i hoʻopili ʻia

Hiki ke hana ʻia ka makapō e nā maʻi ʻē aʻe, me ka ʻole o ka maʻi. Eia nō naʻe, i kekahi mau maʻi, hana wale kēia i ka wā e koʻikoʻi loa ai ka maʻi.

• Retinitis Pigmentosa: He hui kēia o nā maʻi e hoʻopilikia ana i nā pūnaewele ʻike mālamalama i loko o ka retina. I ka holomua ʻana o ka maʻi, ua luku mālie ʻia kēia mau pūnaewele. ʻO ka mua, ua emi ka ʻike pō, a laila nalowale ka ʻike peripheral.
• ʻO ka Degeneration Macular pili i ka Makahiki (AMD): Hoʻopilikia kēia i ka macula, kahi ʻāpana o ka retina i mea nui no ka ʻike waena. Ke nalowale nui ka ʻike waena, lilo nā mea e like me ka heluhelu ʻana i nā puke a me ka ʻike ʻana i nā helehelena o kānaka i mea paʻakikī loa. Eia nō naʻe, mālama pinepine ʻia ka ʻike peripheral.
• Retinopathy of Prematurity (ROP): ʻIke ʻia kēia i kekahi mau pēpē hānau mua . Ulu nui nā kīʻaha koko i loko o ko lākou mau maka, e hana ana i nā ʻiʻo ʻeha a hōʻino i ka retina. Hiki i kēia ke alakaʻi i ka nalowale nui o ka ʻike a me ka makapō.
• Nā Cataract: Hoʻokumu ʻia nā cataract e ka pouli o ka lens o ka maka. Hoʻopilikia kēia i ka ʻike maka a me ka emi ʻana o ka maopopo. Inā ʻaʻole mālama ʻia kēia me ke ʻoki kino, hiki iā ia ke alakaʻi i ka makapō inā lilo ia i mea koʻikoʻi.
• ʻO ka Retinopathy maʻi diabetes:Hiki ke hana ʻia kēia ʻano ke hōʻino ʻia nā kīʻaha koko i loko o ka maka i kekahi kanaka me ka maʻi diabetes. I ka wā mua, hiki ke emi iki ka ʻike, akā inā holomua ka maʻi a i ʻole ʻaʻole mālama ʻia, hiki iā ia ke alakaʻi i ka makapō.
• Glaucoma: He ʻano kēia i hōʻino ʻia ai ke aʻalolo optic. I ka wā mua, hoʻomaka ka ʻike ʻana ma nā maka ʻelua e emi iho, a i ka holomua ʻana o ka maʻi, hiki ke makapō.
• ʻO Leber Hereditary Optic Neuropathy: He maʻi hoʻoilina kēia e nalowale ana ka ʻike. No ke kumu ʻike ʻole ʻia, ʻoi aku ka hopena o ia i nā keikikāne ma mua o nā kaikamahine.
• Anophthalmia: Ma kēia ʻano, ua nalowale kekahi a ʻelua paha mau maka mai ka hānau ʻana.
• Microphthalmos: He kūlana kēia kahi i hānau ʻia ai nā maka he liʻiliʻi loa. I kekahi manawa, ʻaʻole hana pono kēia mau maka liʻiliʻi, a ʻaʻole hana iki paha.
• Hahau: Hiki i ka hahau ke hōʻeha i ka ʻike inā ua hōʻino ʻia kahi ʻāpana o ka lolo e pili ana i ka ʻike, e like me ka occipital lobe. I ka wā o ka hahau ʻana, ua emi a ʻoki loa ʻia ke kahe o ke koko i ka lolo.
• Kanesa: ʻO nā maʻi kanesa o ka maka e like me ka retinoblastoma a i ʻole nā ​​​​tumors orbital hiki ke hana i ka makapō.
• Nā hemahema i ka meaʻai: Hiki i nā ʻano ʻai maikaʻi ʻole ke alakaʻi i ka nalowale o ka ʻike. ʻO ka nele o ka wikamina A kekahi kumu. Pono pū ka wikamina B a me nā minelala ʻē aʻe no ka ʻike olakino.

Pehea e ʻike ai i ka makapō?

E nānā pono ke kauka i kou mau maka ʻelua, no ka mea, hiki i ka makapō ke hoʻopilikia i hoʻokahi maka wale nō. Hiki i kēia mau hoʻokolohua ke komo pū me:

• Hoʻāʻo Snellen: Ua kamaʻāina paha ʻoe i kēia. Ke noi aku nei ke kauka iā ʻoe e nānā i kahi papa me nā leka a heluhelu i nā laina o nā leka e emi iki ana. Ana kēia i kou ʻike waena, ʻo ia hoʻi kou ʻike maka.
• Ka Hoʻāʻo ʻana i ke Kahua ʻIke: ʻAʻole wale ke kahua ʻike e pili ana i ka mea hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike pololei i mua. Ana ia i ka nui o kāu e ʻike ai i nā ʻaoʻao, ma luna, a ma lalo me ka hoʻoneʻe ʻole ʻana i kou mau maka.

He aha nā lāʻau lapaʻau no ka makapō?

ʻO ke ʻano o ka lāʻau āu e loaʻa ai e pili ana i kou kūlana. Hiki ke hoʻomalu ʻia kekahi mau ʻano makapō me nā lāʻau lapaʻau a i ʻole nā ​​aniani. Eia nō naʻe, ʻaʻole hiki ke mālama ʻia kekahi mau kūlana, e like me ka nalowale loa o ka ʻike a i ʻole ka hōʻino piha ʻana i ka maka. I ia mau hihia, hiki i kāu kauka ke kuhikuhi iā ʻoe i ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i ka ʻike. ʻO ka pahuhopu ke kōkua iā ʻoe e loaʻa ka hapa nui o kāu ʻike i koe a hoʻomaikaʻi i kou ʻano ola i hiki iā ʻoe ke hana i nā hana o kēlā me kēia lā. Hana pinepine ʻia kēia ma o ke aʻo kūikawā, ka lāʻau lapaʻau, a me nā mea ʻike haʻahaʻa.

Ka mālama ʻana i nā ʻano maʻi makapō like ʻole:

Loaʻa i kekahi mau maʻi makapō nā lāʻau lapaʻau ma muli o ke kumu a me ka nui o ka hōʻino ʻana i ka maka.

• Lāʻau lapaʻau: Hiki ke mālama ʻia kekahi mau hihia o ka makapō i hoʻokumu ʻia e nā maʻi me nā lāʻau anti-inflammatory.
• ʻO ke ʻoki kino Cataract: I ka hapanui o nā hihia, hiki ke mālama pono ʻia nā cataract me ke ʻoki kino.
• Hoʻoili Corneal: Hiki i ke kauka ke hoʻoili i kahi cornea hou e pani i ka cornea i hōʻino ʻia.
• ʻOki ʻana i ka Retinal: Hiki paha i ke ʻoki ʻana a me/a i ʻole ka mālama laser ke hoʻoponopono hou i nā ʻiʻo retinal i hōʻino ʻia.
• Nā Mea Hoʻohui Wikamina: Hiki i ka lawe ʻana i ka wikamina A ke kōkua i ka hoʻohuli ʻana i kekahi o nā pilikia ʻike i hoʻokumu ʻia e ka xerophthalmia. ʻO nā pilikia ʻike i hoʻokumu ʻia e nā ʻano ʻai maikaʻi ʻole e pono ai nā mea hoʻohui wikamina B a i ʻole ka wikamina D.

Pehea e hōʻemi ai i ka pilikia o ka makapō?

ʻAʻole hiki ke pale ʻia kekahi mau ʻano makapō. Eia nō naʻe, hiki ke pale ʻia ka hapa nui o ka makapō. Ke hana nei kekahi mau aupuni a me nā hui e hoʻōki i ka makapō i hoʻokumu ʻia e nā maʻi hiki ke pale ʻia, e like me ka trachoma. Ke hoʻolaha nui nei lākou i nā lāʻau lapaʻau ma nā wahi he nui o ka honua. Ma ke ʻano pilikino, aia nā mea hiki iā ʻoe ke hana e hōʻemi i kou pilikia o ka makapō hapa a piha paha:

• E nānā i kou mau maka i nā manawa maʻamau. E hahai i nā ʻōlelo a kāu kauka no ka pinepine o kāu hoʻokolohua ʻana. E ʻike mau i ke kauka maka inā ʻike ʻoe i kekahi loli i kou ʻike a i ʻole ʻike i kekahi mea ʻē i kou mau maka.
• E hoʻohana pono i kāu mau aniani a me nā aniani hoʻopili inā pono.
• Inā loaʻa iā ʻoe ka maʻi diabetes, e kāohi i kou pae kō koko. Inā loaʻa iā ʻoe ke koko kiʻekiʻe, e kāohi pū i kēlā.
• E komo i nā mea pale i ka wā e hana ana, e holo ana i ka mokokaikala, a i ʻole e pāʻani ana i nā haʻuki pili. Mai poina e komo i nā aniani maka.
• E ʻai i ka meaʻai olakino a kaulike.
• E hoʻoikaika kino i ka nui. E nīnau i kāu kauka e pili ana i kahi hoʻolālā hoʻoikaika kino kūpono iā ʻoe.
• E mālama i kahi kaumaha olakino e kūpono iā ʻoe.
• E makaʻala i nā pilikia olakino o kou ʻohana.
• Inā ʻoe e puhipaka ana, e hoʻōki, a i ʻole, mai hoʻomaka.
• E holoi mau i kou mau lima i ke kau ʻana i nā aniani hoʻopili e pale aku i nā maʻi maka. Eia kekahi, e hahai i nā kuhikuhi no ka pinepine o kou hoʻololi ʻana iā lākou.

He aha kāu e manaʻo ai i ka wā e noho ai me ka makapō?

Inā makapō loa ʻoe a hapa paha, aia nā koho nou e loaʻa ai ke kōkua. ʻO ke aʻo ʻana i nā mea āpau e hiki ai iā ʻoe e pili ana i kou kūlana e hiki ke kōkua iā ʻoe. ʻO ka noho ʻana me ka makapō e pili ana i kou ola a me ke ola o kou ʻohana a me nā hoaaloha. Hoʻopilikia ia i ke ʻano o kāu huakaʻi, pehea ʻoe e mālama ai iā ʻoe iho, pehea ʻoe e mālama ai i nā poʻe ʻē aʻe, kāu hana - a pehea hoʻi ʻoe e hoʻomaha ai a leʻaleʻa. Hiki i kekahi o kēia mau pilikia ke ʻoi aku ka koʻikoʻi i ka poʻe ʻelemakule. E nīnau i kāu kauka maka e pili ana i nā ala e kōkua ai iā ʻoe e ola me ka ʻike haʻahaʻa a ʻaʻohe ʻike iki, a i ʻole e pili ana i nā lawelawe e hiki ke kōkua iā ʻoe. Hiki i kēia mau lawelawe ke komo pū me:

• Hoʻonaʻauao.
• Kākoʻo olakino noʻonoʻo.
• Hoʻomaʻamaʻa mākaukau.
• Hoʻomaʻamaʻa loea.
• Nā koho no nā hana leʻaleʻa.

I ka manawa hea ʻoe e ʻike ai i ke kauka e pili ana i nā pilikia ʻike?

E ʻimi koke i ke kōkua lapaʻau ma nā kūlana aʻe:

• Inā nalowale koke kou ʻike.
• Inā ʻeha kou maka .
• Inā he ulia e hoʻopilikia i kou ʻike.
• Inā hoʻomaka ʻoe e ʻike i nā ʻālohilohi a i ʻole nā ​​mea hou e lana ana i mua o kou mau maka.

He aha nā nīnau e pono iaʻu e nīnau aku i kaʻu kauka?

He nui kāu mau nīnau e nīnau aku ai i kāu kauka. Eia paha kēia mau mea:

• Hiki ke mālama ʻia kēia makapō?
• Ua kūpono anei au e komo i nā hoʻokolohua lapaʻau?
• Inā ʻaʻole hiki ke mālama ʻia kēia makapō, he aha nā lawelawe e pono ai iaʻu?
• Hiki iā ʻoe ke paipai i kahi hui kākoʻo?

Hiki i ka lohe ʻana i kahi hōʻailona o ka makapō ke lilo i mea hoʻonāukiuki loa, no ka hopena o ia mea i kou ola. He mea nui a he mea pono hoʻi ke loaʻa ke kākoʻo āpau āu e pono ai. Aia kāu hui mālama ola ma laila e pane i kāu mau nīnau a hāʻawi iā ʻoe i nā mea hana āu e pono ai e hōʻoia i loaʻa iā ʻoe ke ʻano maikaʻi loa o ke ola.

Hōʻuluʻulu manaʻo a me nā mea e hoʻomanaʻo ai

No laila, ʻoiai he maʻi koʻikoʻi ka makapō, he mea nui loa ia e ʻike, e ʻike koke iā ia, a e ʻimi i ka lāʻau e pono ai.

E hoʻomanaʻo, he waiwai makamae kou mau maka. Nui nā mea hiki iā ʻoe ke hana e pale aku iā lākou. ʻO nā hoʻokolohua maka maʻamau , kahi nohona olakino, a me ka ʻimi ʻana i ke aʻo lapaʻau i ka wā mua inā ʻike ʻoe i kekahi pilikia ke kī. Mai hopohopo, hiki iā ʻoe ke loaʻa ke kākoʻo a me ka ʻike e pono ai ʻoe e hoʻoponopono i kekahi mea i kēia mau lā.