E aʻo kākou i nā mea āpau e pili ana i ka Diabetes Mellitus me ka maʻalahi a me ka pololei!

He maʻi ka maʻi diabetes e kamaʻilio nui ʻia nei e nā poʻe he nui i kēia lā, a he mea weliweli iki paha i kou manaʻo. Ua kapa pū kekahi poʻe iā ia he 'maʻi kō'. He aha maoli ka maʻi diabetes? E kamaʻilio kākou e pili ana i ia mea me ka maopopo, ma ke ʻano e hiki ai iā ʻoe ke hoʻomaopopo. Mai makaʻu, ke hoʻomaopopo pono ʻoe iā ia, ʻaʻole ia he mea nui ka mālama ʻana.

I ka ʻōlelo maʻalahi, ʻo ka maʻi diabetes kahi kūlana i kiʻekiʻe mau ai kou pae kō koko (a i ʻole glucose ). Hana ʻia kēia no ka mea ʻaʻole lawa ka hana ʻana o kāu pancreas i ka hormone insulin , a i ʻole no ka mea ʻaʻole pane pono nā cell o kou kino i ka insulin āna e hana ai. Hiki ke ulu i kēlā me kēia makahiki. He nui nā ʻano maʻi diabetes no ke ola holoʻokoʻa (mau), akā hiki ke hoʻomalu ʻia nā ʻano āpau me ka lāʻau lapaʻau a me nā hoʻololi ʻana i ke ʻano o ka nohona.

Loaʻa i ko mākou kino ka hapa nui o kā lākou glucose, a i ʻole ke kō, mai nā meaʻai a mākou e ʻai ai, ʻoiai nā meaʻai i loaʻa nā kalapona (e like me ka laiki, ka berena, a me nā mea ʻono). ʻO kēia glucose ka wahie nui e hāʻawi ai i ka ikehu i nā cell o ko mākou kino. Ua like ia me ka ʻaila no ke kaʻa. No laila, pono kēia glucose e komo i loko o nā cell mai ke koko e hana i ka ikehu. E noʻonoʻo i ka glucose e like me kekahi e hoʻāʻo nei e komo i loko o kahi hale, a pono lākou i kahi kī e komo ai i loko o kēlā hale. ʻO kēlā kī ka insulin. Hana ʻia kēia hormone i kapa ʻia ʻo ka insulin e ko mākou pancreas.

I kēia manawa, inā ʻaʻole lawa ka hana ʻana o kāu pancreas i kēia kī insulin, a inā paha e hana ia, akā ʻaʻole wehe pono nā cell o kou kino i ka puka (ʻo ia hoʻi, ʻaʻole pane pono i ka insulin), ʻaʻole hiki i kēlā glucose ke komo i loko o nā cell. A laila hōʻiliʻili kēlā glucose a pau i loko o ke koko, a piʻi wale ke kiʻekiʻe o ke kō koko. ʻO kēia ka mea a mākou e kapa nei he kō koko kiʻekiʻe (hyperglycemia) .

Inā noho kiʻekiʻe ke kiʻekiʻe o ke kō koko no ka manawa lōʻihi, hiki ke loaʻa nā pilikia olakino he nui, e like me ka maʻi puʻuwai, ka hōʻino ʻana o nā aʻalolo, a me nā pilikia maka.

ʻO ka inoa lapaʻau no ka maʻi diabetes ʻo Diabetes Mellitus . Aia kekahi maʻi me ka huaʻōlelo 'diabetes' i loko, i kapa ʻia ʻo Diabetes Insipidus . Akā, he ʻokoʻa loa ia mai ka maʻi diabetes a mākou e kamaʻilio nei. Ua hāʻawi ʻia ka inoa 'diabetes' iā lāua ʻelua no ka mea, hoʻoulu lāua ʻelua i ka makewai nui a me ka mimi pinepine. Eia nō naʻe, he mea kakaikahi loa ka Diabetes Insipidus.

Nā ʻAno Maʻamau o ka Maʻi Diabetes

ʻAe, e nānā kākou i nā ʻano nui o ka maʻi diabetes. Ua lohe paha ʻoe i kēia mau inoa.

ʻAno 2 Diabetes

ʻO kēia ke ʻano maʻi diabetes maʻamau. Hana ʻia ia ke hana ʻole kou kino i ka insulin lawa, a i ʻole ʻaʻole pane pono nā cell o kou kino i ka insulin. Ua kapa ʻia kēia he kū'ē i ka insulin.E noʻonoʻo ʻoe aia ke kī iā ʻoe, akā ua ʻeleʻele ka laka o ka puka a ʻaʻole hana pono. ʻO ka hapa nui o kēia hana i nā pākeke, akā i kekahi manawa hiki ke hana pū i nā keiki ʻōpio.

Prediabetes

He kahua kēia ma mua o ka ulu ʻana o ka maʻi diabetes Type 2. ʻOi aku ke kiʻekiʻe o kou pae kō koko ma mua o ka maʻamau, akā ʻaʻole i lawa ke kiʻekiʻe e ʻike ʻia ai he maʻi diabetes Type 2. Ua like ia me ke kukui melemele, he hōʻailona hōʻike . Inā ʻoe e hoʻokele pono iā ia i kēia kahua, hiki iā ʻoe ke pale a hoʻopaneʻe paha i ka ulu ʻana o ka maʻi diabetes Type 2.

ʻAno 1 Diabetes

He maʻi autoimmune kēia. ʻO ia hoʻi, ʻo ka ʻōnaehana pale o kou kino ponoʻī, no kekahi kumu i ʻike ʻole ʻia, e hoʻouka a luku i nā hunaola hana insulin i loko o kou pancreas. Ua like ia me ko mākou pūʻali koa ponoʻī e hoʻouka ana i ko mākou kahua hoʻomoana ponoʻī. Ma kahi o 10% o ka poʻe me ka maʻi diabetes i loaʻa i kēia ʻano. ʻIke pinepine ʻia i nā keiki a me nā ʻōpio, akā hiki ke ulu i kēlā me kēia makahiki.

Maʻi diabetes hāpai

He ʻano maʻi diabetes kēia a kekahi mau wahine e loaʻa ai i ka wā hāpai. Nalo pinepine ia ma hope o ka hānau ʻana o ke pēpē. Eia nō naʻe, inā loaʻa iā ʻoe ka maʻi diabetes i ka wā hāpai, ʻoi aku ka nui o kou pilikia o ka loaʻa ʻana o ka Type 2 Diabetes ma hope o ke ola.

Nā ʻAno ʻē aʻe o ka Maʻi Diabetes

Ma waho aʻe o kēia mau ʻano nui, aia kekahi mau ʻano maʻi diabetes ʻē aʻe. He ʻano kākaʻikahi iki lākou, akā he mea maikaʻi ke ʻike iā lākou.

• ʻO ka maʻi diabetes ʻano 3c: Hana ʻia kēia i ka wā e hōʻino ʻia ai kāu pancreas (ʻaʻole ka pōʻino autoimmune), e hoʻopilikia ana i kona hiki ke hana i ka insulin. No ka laʻana, hiki i nā maʻi e like me ka pancreatitis, ke kanesa pancreatic, cystic fibrosis, a me ka hemochromatosis ke hana i kēia kūlana. Hiki nō hoʻi ke hana ʻia kēia ʻano maʻi diabetes inā wehe ʻia ka pancreas ma ke ʻoki ʻana (pancreatectomy).
• ʻO ka Latent Autoimmune Diabetes i nā mākua (LADA): Hoʻokumu ʻia kēia e kahi hopena autoimmune, e like me ka Type 1 Diabetes, akā ulu ia i loko o kahi heluna kanaka ʻoi aku ka ʻelemakule ma mua o ka Type 1. ʻO ka poʻe i ʻike ʻia me LADA ma mua o 30 mau makahiki.
• ʻO ka maʻi diabetes o ka wā ʻōpiopio (MODY): Ua kapa ʻia kēia he maʻi diabetes monogenic . Hoʻokumu ʻia ia e kahi mutation genetic i hoʻoili ʻia ma o nā hanauna. Hoʻopilikia kēia mutation i ke ʻano o ka hana ʻana a me ka hoʻohana ʻana o kou kino i ka insulin. Aia ma mua o 10 mau ʻano o MODY. Ma kahi o 5% o ka poʻe me ka maʻi diabetes e loaʻa paha kēia ʻano, a holo pinepine ia i loko o nā ʻohana.
• Ka maʻi diabetes hānau hou:He ʻano maʻi diabetes kakaikahi loa kēia e ulu ana i nā pēpē ʻōpio i loko o nā mahina ʻeono mua o ke ola. He ʻano maʻi diabetes monogenic nō hoʻi kēia.
• ʻO ka Maʻi Diabetes Brittle: He ʻano koʻikoʻi kēia o ka Maʻi Diabetes Type 1. Hōʻailona ʻia e nā hanana pinepine a koʻikoʻi o ke kō koko kiʻekiʻe a me ke kō koko haʻahaʻa.

Pehea ka maʻamau o ka maʻi diabetes?

ʻO ka maʻi diabetes he maʻi maʻamau ia ma mua o kou manaʻo. He miliona miliona ka poʻe a puni ka honua e noho nei me ka maʻi diabetes. ʻO ka Type 2 Diabetes ke ʻano maʻamau. Hōʻike nā helu helu e piʻi nei ka nui o ka poʻe me ka maʻi diabetes ma ko mākou ʻāina. No laila, he mea nui loa ka makaʻala i kēia.

He aha nā hōʻailona o ka maʻi diabetes? (He aha nā hōʻailona o ka maʻi diabetes?)

Hiki ke ʻokoʻa nā hōʻailona o ka maʻi diabetes mai kēlā kanaka a kēia kanaka, a hiki nō hoʻi ke ʻokoʻa ma muli o ke ʻano o ka maʻi diabetes. Akā aia kekahi mau hōʻailona maʻamau āu e ʻike ai. Inā loaʻa iā ʻoe kekahi o kēia mau mea, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ke ʻike ʻana i ke kauka no ka ʻōlelo aʻo.

Nā hōʻailona maʻamau:

• ʻO ka makewai nui pinepine (polydipsia) a me ka waha maloʻo.
• Pono pinepine e mimi (ʻoi aku hoʻi i ka pō)
• Ka luhi nui a me ka māluhiluhi ʻoiai ke hiamoe maikaʻi nei.
• ʻIke pōwehiwehi.
• ʻO ka pohō kaumaha i wehewehe ʻole ʻia (ʻoi aku hoʻi i ka maʻi diabetes type 1)
• ʻO ka mae a me ke ʻāʻī ʻana o nā lālā.
• He manawa ka manawa e ho'ōla ai i nā ʻeha.
• Nā maʻi hū pinepine o ka ʻili a me/a i ʻole ka vagina.

Mea nui: Inā loaʻa iā ʻoe a i ʻole kāu keiki kēia mau hōʻailona, ​​​​e ʻike pono i ke kauka.

I kēia manawa, e nānā kākou pehea e ʻokoʻa ai nā hōʻailona ma muli o ke ʻano o ka maʻi diabetes:

Nā Hōʻailona o ka Maʻi Diabetes ʻAno 1:

Hiki ke ʻike koke ʻia nā hōʻailona o ka maʻi diabetes Type 1, i loko o kekahi mau pule a i ʻole mau mahina. I kekahi manawa, hiki ke hoʻomaka nā hōʻailona me nā hōʻailona o kahi pilikia weliweli i kapa ʻia ʻo Diabetes-related Ketoacidosis (DKA) . He ʻano hoʻoweliweli ola ka DKA e pono ai ke kōkua koke ʻia e ke kauka. ʻO nā hōʻailona o ka DKA e komo pū me ka luaʻi ʻana, ka ʻeha o ka ʻōpū, kahi ʻala hua i ka hanu, a me ka paʻakikī o ka hanu ʻana.

Nā hōʻailona o ka maʻi diabetes Type 2 a me ka prediabetes:

I kēia mau ʻano, ʻaʻole paha ʻoe e loaʻa i kekahi mau hōʻailona. A i ʻole ʻaʻole paha ʻoe e ʻike iā lākou no ka mea e lohi loa ka hele ʻana mai o nā hōʻailona. I kekahi manawa, hiki i kahi hoʻāʻo koko maʻalahi ke hōʻike i nā pae kō koko kiʻekiʻe. ʻO kekahi hōʻailona o ka prediabetes ka ʻeleʻele o ka ʻili ma kekahi mau wahi o kou kino (e like me kou ʻāʻī a me nā armpits). Ua kapa ʻia kēia he acanthosis nigricans .

Nā hōʻailona o ka maʻi diabetes gestational:

ʻAʻole paha ʻoe e ʻike pinepine i nā hōʻailona o ka maʻi diabetes gestational i ka wā hāpai. E hoʻāʻo kāu kauka iā ʻoe no ia ma waena o 24 a me 28 mau pule o ka hāpai ʻana.

He aha ke kumu o ka maʻi diabetes?

Me ka nānā ʻole i ke ʻano o ka maʻi diabetes, loaʻa ka maʻi diabetes ke kiʻekiʻe loa kou pae glucose koko. Eia nō naʻe, ʻokoʻa ke kumu o kēia pae kō koko kiʻekiʻe ma muli o ke ʻano o ka maʻi diabetes.

Eia nā kumu nui:

• Ke Kū'ē ʻana o ka Insulin: ʻO kēia ke kumu nui o ka maʻi diabetes Type 2. Hiki ke hana ʻia e ka momona, ka nele o ka hoʻoikaika kino, ka ʻai maikaʻi ʻole, nā hemahema o ka hormonal, nā mana genetic, a me kekahi mau lāʻau lapaʻau.
• Maʻi Autoimmune: Loaʻa ka maʻi diabetes Type 1 a me LADA i ka wā e hoʻouka ai kāu ʻōnaehana pale ponoʻī i nā hunaola e hana ana i ka insulin i loko o kāu pancreas.
• Nā Hana Kaulike ʻole o ka Hormone: I ka wā hāpai, hiki i nā hormones i hoʻokuʻu ʻia e ka placenta ke hana i ke kūʻē ʻana o ka insulin. Eia kekahi, ʻo nā maʻi ʻē aʻe e pili ana i ka hormone e like me ka acromegaly a me ka Cushing's syndrome hiki ke hana i ka maʻi diabetes.
• Ka Poino o ka Pancreas: Hiki i ka poino kino i ka pancreas ke hoʻopilikia i kona hiki ke hana i ka insulin, e alakaʻi ana i ka Type 3c Diabetes.
• Nā Hoʻololi ʻAno Kino: Hiki i kekahi mau hoʻololi ʻano kino ke hana i ka maʻi MODY a me ka maʻi diabetes neonatal.

ʻO ka hoʻohana lōʻihi ʻana i kekahi mau lāʻau lapaʻau (e like me nā lāʻau lapaʻau no ka HIV/AIDS, corticosteroids) hiki ke hoʻoulu i ka maʻi diabetes.

He aha nā pilikia o ka maʻi diabetes? (He aha nā pilikia o ka maʻi diabetes?)

Inā ʻaʻole kaohi pono ʻia ka maʻi diabetes, hiki ke loaʻa mai nā pilikia koʻikoʻi a me nā pilikia lōʻihi.

Nā pilikia koʻikoʻi o ka maʻi diabetes:

Hiki i kēia mau mea ke hoʻoweliweli i ke ola a pono e mālama koke ʻia e ke kauka:

• Kūlana Hyperosmolar Hyperglycemic (HHS): Lilo ke kiʻekiʻe o ke kō koko, e hoʻoulu ai i ka maloʻo nui a me ka huikau.
• ʻO ka Ketoacidosis pili i ka maʻi diabetes (DKA): Ke nele ke kino i ka insulin, puhi ʻia ka momona e hana i nā ketones, ka mea e hoʻolilo ai i ke koko i waikawa.
• ʻO ka hypoglycemia koʻikoʻi: He pae kō koko haʻahaʻa loa. He mea maʻamau i nā poʻe e lawe ana i ka insulin. Pono paha ka mālama koke ʻana me ka glucagon .

Nā pilikia lōʻihi o ka maʻi diabetes:

Inā noho kiʻekiʻe ke kiʻekiʻe o ke kō koko no ka manawa lōʻihi, ua hōʻino ʻia nā kīʻaha koko a me nā aʻalolo.

• Nā pilikia o ka ʻōnaehana cardiovascular: Maʻi ʻaʻai coronary, hōʻeha puʻuwai, hahau, atherosclerosis.
• Ka pōʻino o ke aʻalolo (Neuropathy): ka mae ʻana, ka ʻeha.
• Nephropathy: Ka hāʻule ʻana o ka puʻupaʻa.
• Maʻi maka (Retinopathy): makapō.
• Nā pilikia wāwae e pili ana i ka maʻi diabetes, nā maʻi ʻili, a me nā ʻoki ʻana.
• Ka hana pono ʻole o ka moekolohe, ka gastroparesis, ka nalowale o ka lohe, nā pilikia olakino waha (e laʻa me ka maʻi periodontal).

Hiki i ka noho ʻana me ka maʻi diabetes ke hoʻopilikia i kou olakino noʻonoʻo. ʻOi aku ka nui o ka poʻe me ka maʻi diabetes e loaʻa i ke kaumaha .

Pehea e ʻike ʻia ai ka maʻi diabetes?

Hoʻoholo nā kauka i ka maʻi diabetes ma ka nānā ʻana i kou pae glucose me kahi hāpana koko. ʻEkolu mau hoʻāʻo nui:

• Hoʻāʻo ʻana i ka glucose koko hoʻokē ʻai: He hoʻāʻo i hana ʻia ma hope o 8 mau hola o ka hoʻokē ʻai ʻana.
• Hoʻāʻo Koko Glucose Kaulike: Hiki ke hana i kēlā me kēia manawa.
• Hoʻāʻo A1c (hoʻāʻo HbA1c): Hōʻike i ka awelika o ke kō koko i nā mahina 2-3 i hala.

Hana ʻia kahi hoʻāʻo hoʻomanawanui glucose waha e ʻike ai i ka maʻi diabetes gestational.

Pehea e mālama ʻia ai ka maʻi diabetes?

ʻEhā mau wahi nui o ka mālama ʻana i ka maʻi diabetes:

• Ka Nānā ʻana i ke Kō Koko: Hiki ke hana ʻia kēia me ka mika glucose a i ʻole kahi monitor glucose hoʻomau (CGM).
• Nā Lāʻau Lapaʻau no ka Maʻi Diabetes Waha: Nā lāʻau lapaʻau e like me Metformin, i kuhikuhi pinepine ʻia no ka maʻi diabetes type 2 a me ka prediabetes.
• ʻInisulina: He mea nui no ka maʻi diabetes type 1. Pono pū kekahi mau maʻi type 2 iā ia. Hiki ke lawe ʻia ma ke ʻano he syringe, peni, pamu, a i ʻole insulin hanu ʻia.
• ʻAi: He ʻai olakinoA he mea nui ka helu ʻana i nā kalapona.
• Hoʻoikaika Kino: Hoʻonui ka hoʻoikaika kino mau i ka ʻike ʻana i ka insulin.

Eia kekahi, he mea nui loa ka mālama ʻana i ke kaumaha olakino, ke koko , a me ka cholesterol .

Ka wānana no ka maʻi diabetes

ʻO ka wā e hiki mai ana o ka maʻi diabetes e pili ana i ke ʻano o ka maʻi, pehea e mālama ʻia ai, ka makahiki i ka wā i ʻike ʻia ai, nā maʻi ʻē aʻe, a me nā pilikia.

Akā, ʻo ka mea nui loa, hiki iā ʻoe ke ola i kahi ola olakino me ka maʻi diabetes. No ka hana ʻana i kēia, he mea nui nā hoʻololi ʻana i ke ʻano o ka nohona, ka hoʻoikaika kino mau, ka kaohi ʻana i ka ʻai, a me ka hoʻāʻo ʻana i ke kō koko maʻamau.

Ua hōʻike ʻia nā noiʻi e hiki i ka mālama ʻana i nā pae A1c ma lalo o 7% ke hōʻemi i ka pilikia o nā pilikia.

Pehea e hiki ai iaʻu ke pale aku i ka maʻi diabetes?

ʻAʻole hiki ke pale ʻia nā ʻano maʻi autoimmune a me nā ʻano genetic o ka maʻi diabetes. Eia nō naʻe, hiki iā ʻoe ke hōʻemi i kou pilikia o ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka prediabetes, ka maʻi diabetes type 2, a me ka maʻi diabetes gestational ma ka hana ʻana i kēia mau mea:

• E ʻai i ka meaʻai olakino (e.g. ʻai Mediterranean ).
• E hana kino (ma ka liʻiliʻi he 30 mau minuke i ka lā, 5 mau lā o ka pule).
• E mālama i ke kaumaha olakino.
• E hoʻokele i ke kaumaha.
• E kaupalena i ka inu ʻana i ka waiʻona.
• E hiamoe pono.
• E ho'ōki i ka puhipaka.

Āhea wau e ʻike ai i kaʻu mea lawelawe mālama ola?

Inā ʻaʻole ʻoe i ʻike ʻia he maʻi diabetes, e ʻike koke i ke kauka inā loaʻa iā ʻoe nā hōʻailona o ka maʻi diabetes (e laʻa, ka makewai nui, ka mimi pinepine).

Inā loaʻa iā ʻoe ka maʻi diabetes, e ʻike i ke kauka nāna e kōkua iā ʻoe e mālama i kāu maʻi diabetes (e.g., he endocrinologist) i nā manawa a pau.

ʻO ka mea hope loa, e hoʻomanaʻo i kēia (Leka Lawe-Home)

He mea hoʻololi ola ka ʻike ʻia ʻana o ka maʻi diabetes. Akā, ʻaʻole ia he manaʻo ʻaʻole hiki iā ʻoe ke ola i kahi ola hauʻoli a olakino. Pono ka mālama ʻana i ka maʻi diabetes i ka mālama mau a me ka nānā ʻana. ʻOiai paha he mea kaumaha ia i ka wā mua, i ka hala ʻana o ka manawa e loaʻa iā ʻoe kahi ʻike maikaʻi aʻe i ke ʻano o ka mālama ʻana i ke kūlana a hoʻomaka e ʻoluʻolu e pili ana i kou kino.

E hōʻoia e ʻike pinepine i kāu mau kauka. He hana hui ka mālama ʻana i ka maʻi diabetes. Pono ʻoe i ke kākoʻo o nā loea lapaʻau, nā hoaaloha, a me ka ʻohana. Mai makaʻu e noi iā lākou no ke kōkua inā pono ʻoe. E hoʻomanaʻo, ʻaʻole ʻoe hoʻokahi!

ʻO ka maʻi diabetes, ka maʻi kō, ka insulin, ke kō koko, nā hōʻailona o ka maʻi diabetes, ka mālama ʻana i ka maʻi diabetes, nā ʻano maʻi diabetes