Ke hewa nei kekahi mea me kou pepeiao? He pilikia paha ia me kāu Eustachian Tube! (Eustachian Tube Dysfunction)

Ke manaʻo nei ʻoe i kekahi manawa ua paʻa kekahi mea i loko o kou mau pepeiao, a i ʻole ua kaumaha kou mau pepeiao, a i ʻole ke lohe nei ʻoe i kahi leo kani i loko o kou mau pepeiao? Malia paha i kou piʻi ʻana i luna, a i ʻole i kou lele ʻana ma luna o ka mokulele, ua like kou mau pepeiao me he mea lā "ua hoʻokuke ʻia." ʻAʻole kēia he mau mea wale nō. Malia paha ʻo ke kumu o kēia he hewa i kāu ʻōmole Eustachian. E kamaʻilio hou anei kākou e pili ana i kēia i kēia lā, me he mea lā e kamaʻilio ana kākou me kahi hoaaloha?

He aha ka ʻōmole Eustachian? Pehea e lilo ai i mea hana ʻole?

ʻAe, e nānā mua kākou i ke ʻano o ka ʻōmole Eustachian. I ka ʻōlelo maʻalahi, ua like ia me kahi ʻōmole liʻiliʻi. Loaʻa iā kākou āpau kēia ʻōmole ma nā pepeiao ʻelua. Hoʻopili kēia ʻōmole i ko kākou pepeiao waena (ka ʻāpana i loko o ka eardrum) i ke kua o ka puʻu. E noʻonoʻo e pili ana iā ia, ke piʻi ʻoe i kahi mauna a lele paha i loko o kahi mokulele, manaʻo ʻoe i ke kaomi i loko o kou mau pepeiao e loli ana. I kēlā manawa, kōkua kēia ʻōmole Eustachian i ka mālama ʻana i ke kaomi i loko o ko kākou mau pepeiao a me ke kaomi ea ma waho o ka pepeiao. ʻAʻole wale kēlā, akā kōkua pū kēia ʻōmole liʻiliʻi i ka hoʻokahe ʻana i nā wai makemake ʻole a me ka mucus i hōʻiliʻili ʻia i kekahi manawa ma ka pepeiao waena.

I kēia manawa, ʻo ka hana ʻino ʻana o ka ʻōpū Eustachian, a i ʻole e like me kā mākou e kapa nei ma ke ʻano lapaʻau , ʻo ka Eustachian Tube Dysfunction (ETD) , ʻo ia ka wā e wehe ʻole ai a pani pono ʻole paha kēia mau ʻōpū. He aha ka mea e hana ʻia ai? Hiki ke ālai ʻia kēia mau ʻōpū, e like me ka paipu wai i ālai ʻia. ʻO ia ka manawa e hoʻomaka ai kēlā mau pilikia pepeiao i ʻōlelo ʻia ma luna. ʻOiai hiki ke loaʻa kēia ʻano i kēlā me kēia makahiki, ʻoi aku ka maʻamau i nā keiki ʻōpio . ʻO kēia no ka mea he pōkole ko lākou mau ʻōpū Eustachian a he ʻokoʻa ko lākou kihi. I nā pākeke, ua hōʻike ʻia ma kahi o 1% o ka poʻe he ETD.

He aha nā ʻano nui o ka hana ʻino o ka Eustachian tube (ETD)?

ʻEkolu mau ʻano nui o ETD, me nā ʻokoʻa iki o kēlā me kēia.

• ʻO ka Patulous Eustachian Tube Dysfunction: ʻO kēia ka manawa e wehe mau ai kāu Eustachian tube . Ua like ia me ka puka e wehe mau ana. Hoʻoulu kēia i ke kani e hele mai kou mau puka ihu a i kou mau pepeiao, a ʻokoʻa paha ke kani o kou leo. Manaʻo paha ʻoe e like me kou lohe ʻana i kou leo ​​ponoʻī e kani ana i loko o kou mau pepeiao ke ʻōlelo ʻoe (autophony), a lohe paha ʻoe i ke kani o kou hanu ʻana i loko o kou mau pepeiao.
• ʻO ka hana ʻole o ka Eustachian Tube: ʻO kēia ka wā e wehe pono ʻole ai ka Eustachian tube. ʻO ia hoʻi, ʻaʻole ia e wehe i ka wā e pono ai. Hiki i kēia ke hana i ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana o ka wai i loko o ka pepeiao waena, e hōʻeha ai i ka pepeiao, kaomi, a i ʻole ka manaʻo kaumaha. Loaʻa i ka hapa nui o ka poʻe kēia ʻano ETD.
• ʻO ka hana ʻole o ka Eustachian Tube i hoʻokomo ʻia e ka Baro-challenge:I kēia hihia, ʻaʻole e wehe pono ka ʻōmole Eustachian. Eia nō naʻe, ʻo ka ʻeha a me ke kaomi o ka pepeiao e loaʻa wale nō ke hele ʻoe i kahi kiʻekiʻe (e like me ke piʻi ʻana i kahi mauna), lele i loko o ka mokulele, a i ʻole e ʻike i nā loli o ke kiʻekiʻe a i ʻole ke kaomi o ka ea , e like me ka luʻu ʻana. I nā manawa ʻē aʻe, maikaʻi paha ʻoe.

Loaʻa iā ʻoe kēia mau hōʻailona? (Nā Hōʻailona ETD)

ʻO ka hōʻailona maʻamau o ETD ka nalowale iki o ka lohe, kahi manaʻo o ka noho ʻana i lalo o ka wai, a i ʻole ka manaʻo o ka paʻa ʻana o ka pepeiao . Ma waho aʻe o kēia, aia paha kekahi mau hōʻailona ʻē aʻe. E nānā inā kamaʻāina kēia mau mea iā ʻoe:

• He manaʻo o ka piha a me ke kaumaha i loko o nā pepeiao.
• Ke lohe ʻana i ke kani 'kāomi' a i ʻole 'popping' i loko o ka pepeiao (ʻoi aku hoʻi i ka wā e moni ai i kahi mea a i ʻole e wehe ana i ka waha).
• Manaʻo poniuniu a kaulike ʻole paha (Dizziness, Vertigo).
• ʻEha pepeiao - I kekahi manawa hiki ke koʻikoʻi ka ʻeha.
• He leo kani mau ʻo Tinnitus e like me ka hekili i loko o nā pepeiao.
• I kekahi manawa he mea nui ka nalowale o ka lohe.

Inā loaʻa iā ʻoe kekahi a ʻoi aku paha o kēia mau hōʻailona, ​​​​he mea maikaʻi ke hopohopo.

No ke aha e kū mai ai nā pilikia o ka ʻōpū Eustachian (ETD)? (Nā kumu)

ʻO ka hapa pinepine, ʻo ke kumu o nā pilikia me ka ʻōmole Eustachian ʻo ia ka mumū (pehu ʻana) i loko o ka ʻōmole. Aia kekahi mau kumu hiki ke kumu o kēia mumū:

• Nā maʻi ʻaleka: Loaʻa i kekahi poʻe ka maʻi ʻaleka i nā mea e like me ka lepo, ka pollen, a me kekahi mau meaʻai. Hiki i kēia ke hoʻoulu i ka ihu paʻa a me ka pehu ʻana o nā ʻōmole Eustachian.
• ʻO ka reflux waikawa mau (GERD) ma muli o ka gastritis mau: Ma kēia ʻano, hiki i ka waikawa o ka ʻōpū ke hoʻi i luna i loko o ka puʻu, e hoʻoulu ai i ka pehu a me ka ʻeha a puni nā puka o ka paipu Eustachian.
• Nā maʻi viral e like me ke anu a me ka maʻi flu.
• ʻO ka maʻi palū a me nā maʻi hanu ʻē aʻe.
• Nā maʻi sinus (Sinusitis).

Eia kekahi, hiki ke hoʻonui ʻia nā hōʻailona o ka ʻōpū Eustachian ke kau ʻoe ma luna o ka mokulele, ma kahi mauna, a i ʻole ke luʻu ʻana. Ua kapa ʻia kēia he barotrauma . E noʻonoʻo, ke piʻi koke ʻoe i luna, manaʻo kou mau pepeiao e like me ka "nalowale" ma muli o kēia. Eia kekahi, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka pilikia o ka poʻe me ka septum deviated, nā polyps nasal, a me nā kūlana hānau e like me ka palate cleft i ka loaʻa ʻana o nā pilikia ʻōpū Eustachian. ʻOi aku ka nui o ka pilikia o ka poʻe puhi paka.

He aha ka mea e hiki mai ana inā e hoʻowahāwahā ʻia kēia? (Nā pilikia o ka ETD)

I ka hapa nui o ka manawa, ʻaʻole kēia he mea weliweli. Eia nō naʻe, i nā hihia kakaikahi, inā ʻaʻole mālama ʻia, hiki i nā pilikia me ka ʻōmole Eustachian ke alakaʻi i nā kūlana koʻikoʻi. No ka laʻana, kahi hōʻiliʻili mau o ka wai i loko o ka pepeiao waena , e alakaʻi ana i ka maʻi pepeiao waena (otitis media).Hiki iā ia ke hana i ka nalowale mau o ka lohe, ka perforation a i ʻole ka retraction o ka eardrum, a me ka hōʻino ʻana i nā iwi o ka pepeiao waena. I kekahi manawa, hiki ke loaʻa kahi maʻi i kapa ʻia ʻo cholesteatoma , ʻo ia hoʻi ka ulu ʻana o nā ʻili ʻili i loko o ka pepeiao. No laila he mea nui e ʻike i ke kauka inā ʻoi aku kāu mau hōʻailona ma mua o ʻelua pule.

E hoʻomanaʻo: ʻOiai inā he mea liʻiliʻi ia, ʻaʻole ia he manaʻo maikaʻi e hoʻowahāwahā i nā pilikia pepeiao. ʻO ka loaʻa ʻana o ka lāʻau lapaʻau i ka manawa kūpono hiki ke pale i nā pilikia nui.

Pehea e ʻike ai ke kauka i kēia? (Diagnosis)

Ke hele ʻoe e ʻike i ke kauka, e nīnau mua ʻo ia iā ʻoe e pili ana i kāu mau hōʻailona. Pehea ka lōʻihi o kou loaʻa ʻana o kēia mau pilikia, i ka manawa hea lākou e ʻoi aku ai ka ʻino, a inā he mau maʻi ʻē aʻe kāu. A laila e hana ʻo ia i kahi hoʻokolokolo kino. E nānā ʻo ia i kou mau kahawai pepeiao, nā pahu pepeiao, nā ʻāpana ihu, a me ke kua o kou puʻu me kahi mea hana kūikawā i kapa ʻia he otoscope.

I kekahi manawa, hiki ke hana ʻia nā hoʻokolohua hou e like me kēia e hōʻoia i:

• Tympanometry: He hoʻāʻo ʻeha ʻole kēia e ana i ka maikaʻi o ka hana ʻana o kou pepeiao waena, pehea e neʻe ai kou pahu pepeiao, a inā he wai i loko o kou pepeiao waena. Hana ʻia kēia ma ke kaomi iki ʻana i kou pepeiao.
• Nā hoʻāʻo hoʻolohe / Audiometry: Hiki i kēia mau hoʻāʻo ke hoʻoholo pololei inā he pohō kou lohe, inā pēlā, he aha ke ʻano, a i ka nui hea.
• Loaʻa paha iā ʻoe kahi nasal endoscopy e nānā i kou ihu a me kou puʻu. Pili kēia i ka hoʻokomo ʻana i kahi ʻōmole me kahi kāmela liʻiliʻi ma kou ihu e nānā i loko.

He aha nā lāʻau lapaʻau no kēia? (Lapaʻau ETD)

ʻO ka nūhou maikaʻi, ʻo ka hapa nui o nā hihia o ETD e hoʻopau me ka ʻole o kekahi lāʻau lapaʻau kikoʻī, i loko o kekahi mau lā a i ʻole hoʻokahi a ʻelua paha pule . No laila, ʻaʻole pono mau ka lāʻau lapaʻau. Eia nō naʻe, inā ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi o kāu mau hōʻailona ma mua o ʻelua pule, a inā koʻikoʻi kāu mau hōʻailona, ​​a laila pono paha ka lāʻau lapaʻau.

ʻO ke ʻano o ka lāʻau lapaʻau āu e loaʻa ai e pili ana i ke kumu o ke kūlana (e like me ka maʻi allergy a i ʻole ka maʻi), ke koʻikoʻi o ke kūlana, a me kou olakino holoʻokoʻa.

Nā lāʻau lapaʻau home

I kekahi manawa, inā he pilikia liʻiliʻi, hiki iā ʻoe ke loaʻa ka hōʻoluʻolu me nā mea maʻalahi hiki iā ʻoe ke hana ma ka home, e like me:

• Ke nau ʻana i ka ʻuala.
• ʻUā.
• Ka moni pinepine ʻana.
• E hoʻāʻo i ka hana Valsalva . Pili kēia i ka pani ʻana i kou waha, ke ʻūmi ʻana i kou ihu me kou lima, a me ka hoʻāʻo ʻana e puhi i kou hanu i waho. Ua like ia me ka hoʻāʻo ʻana e hoʻomaʻemaʻe i kou ihu paʻa. Akā , mai hana i kēia inā he anu nui kou a he ihu wai paha, no ka mea, hiki i kēia ke hoʻolaha i ka maʻi i kou pepeiao waena. ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o ke kūkākūkā ʻana me ke kauka ma mua o ka hana ʻana i kēia.
• Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ka saline nasal spray, i loaʻa ma ka hale kūʻai lāʻau lapaʻau, e hoʻomaʻemaʻe i nā ala ihu.Ke hoʻohana nei i hoʻokahi. E hōʻemi kēia i ka maloʻo i loko o ka ihu a kōkua i ka wehe ʻana i ka mucus a me nā mea ʻē aʻe.
• Ke hoʻohana nei i kahi mea hana kūikawā (e like me Otovent®) e kōkua i ka "pale ʻana" i nā pepeiao. Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia kēia ma hope o ke kūkākūkā ʻana me ke kauka.

Inā manaʻo ʻoe he pilikia kēia no kāu keiki liʻiliʻi, e hāʻawi iā ia i kahi pacifier a i ʻole ka ʻōmole. Hiki i ke neʻe ʻana omo ke kōkua i ka hoʻomaha ʻana i ka ʻū ʻana.

Nā lāʻau lapaʻau

Inā pilikia kāu mau pilikia Eustachian tube i nā maʻi allergies, hiki i kekahi mau lāʻau lapaʻau over-the-counter (OTC) ke kōkua. Eia kekahi laʻana:

• Nā ʻano antihistamines (e.g. `cetirizine`, `loratadine`, `diphenhydramine`).
• ʻO nā pīpī steroid ihu (e.g., fluticasone (Flonase®), mometasone (Nasonex®). ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hoʻohana ʻana i kēia mau mea ma lalo o ke alakaʻi a ke kauka.
• Inā he ʻeha, e lawe i nā lāʻau hōʻeha ʻeha (e.g. acetaminophen a i ʻole ibuprofen).

Eia nō naʻe, inā hana ʻia ka ETD e kahi maʻi bacteria (e like me ka maʻi pepeiao waena), hiki i kāu kauka ke kuhikuhi i nā antibiotics . Hiki iā lākou ke kuhikuhi i nā corticosteroids ma ke ʻano o nā pila a i ʻole nā ​​​​​​pīpī e hōʻemi i ka pehu.

He mea nui e nīnau aku i ke kauka ma mua o ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā decongestants (e like me pseudoephedrine (Sudafed®) a i ʻole phenylephrine). ʻOiai hiki i kēia mau lāʻau lapaʻau ke hōʻoluʻolu i ka ihu paʻa no ka manawa pōkole, hiki iā lākou ke hoʻonui i ka ETD, a i ʻole e hana i nā hopena ʻaoʻao inā hoʻohana lōʻihi.

Malia paha e pono ke ʻoki kino? (ʻoki kino)

ʻO nā hihia ETD e mau ana no nā mahina a ʻaʻole e hoʻomaikaʻi me ka lāʻau lapaʻau a me nā lāʻau lapaʻau home e pono ai ke ʻoki kino. ʻO ka pahuhopu o kēia lāʻau lapaʻau, ʻo ia ke pale ʻana i ka ea mai ke komo ʻana i loko o ka ʻōmole Eustachian, hoʻoponopono i nā pilikia ea pepeiao waena, a wehe i ke wai. Hiki i kēia ke kōkua i ka hōʻoluʻolu ʻana i nā pilikia lohe a me nā hōʻailona ʻē aʻe. ʻO nā koho ʻoki kino no ETD:

• Myringotomy: Pili kēia i kahi kauka lapaʻau e hana ana i kahi ʻoki liʻiliʻi i loko o kou eardrum a wehe i ke wai mai kou pepeiao waena (suction). I nā pākeke, waiho pinepine ʻia kēia ʻoki a hiki i ka emi ʻana o ka pehu ʻana o nā ʻōmole Eustachian.
• Nā ʻōmole pepeiao / Grommets / Nā ʻōmole hoʻoulu ea: I kekahi manawa, e hoʻokomo nā kauka ʻoki i nā ʻōmole liʻiliʻi (nā ʻōmole pepeiao) i loko o kēia mau ʻoki i ka manawa like me ka myringotomy. Hāʻawi kēia mau ʻōmole i ka hoʻoulu ea i ka pepeiao waena a pale i ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana o ke wai no 6 mau mahina a i hoʻokahi makahiki, a ʻoi aku paha. ʻO ka maʻamau, hāʻule kēia mau ʻōmole ma o lākou iho i ka hala ʻana o ka manawa, a hoʻōla ka eardrum.
• ʻO ka Eustachian tuboplasty (a i ʻole ka Eustachian tube balloon dilation): He hana hou kēia. Pili ia i ka hoʻohana ʻana i kahi balloon e hoʻonui i kāu Eustachian tube i paʻa. Hoʻokomo ke kauka lapaʻau i kahi endoscope ( kahi paipu me kahi kāmela liʻiliʻi) ma kou ihu a, me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā mea hana kūikawā, e hoʻouna i kahi balloon i lalo o kou mau ala ihu i loko o kāu Eustachian tube. A laila hoʻopiha ʻia ka balloon no kahi o ʻelua mau minuke, a laila hoʻohaʻahaʻa hou ʻia a wehe ʻia. Wehe kēia i ka paipu mai loko mai, e ʻae ana i ka holo ʻana o ke ea maikaʻi.

Pehea ka wikiwiki o koʻu ho'ōla ʻana ma hope o ka lāʻau lapaʻau?

Aia nō ia i ke ʻano o ka lāʻau āu e loaʻa ai. ʻO ka maʻamau, ma kahi o ʻekolu a ʻehā pule e hoʻōla piha ai mai ka myringotomy. ʻO ka poʻe i loaʻa i ka eustachian tuboplasty e ʻike pinepine i ka hōʻoluʻolu nui mai ko lākou mau hōʻailona i loko o kahi manawa pōkole, ma kahi o 24 mau hola.

Inā hoʻokomo ʻia nā ʻōmole pepeiao no ETD, noho mau lākou i loko no 6 a me 18 mau mahina. Ma hope o kēlā, e hāʻule wale lākou i waho.

ʻAʻohe ala e pale loa ai i kēia kūlana? (Ka pale ʻana)

ʻAʻole paha e hiki ke pale loa i ka ETD, no ka mea, he paʻakikī iā mākou ke kāohi i kekahi mau kumu (e laʻa, ke anu maʻamau). Eia nō naʻe, aia kekahi mau mea hiki iā ʻoe ke hana e hōʻemi i kou pilikia. Eia kekahi laʻana:

• E komo i nā pani pepeiao i kānana ʻia e hōʻemi i ke kaomi i loko o kou mau pepeiao (pepeiao mokulele) i ka wā ma luna o ka mokulele. Eia kekahi, e nau i ka gum, inu i ka wai, a hoʻolōʻihi i kou mau wāwae i ka wā e kau ana a me ka iho ʻana mai ka mokulele.
• E noho mamao aku mai nā wahi anu loa a wela paha i ka hiki, no ka mea, hiki i kēia ke hoʻonui i nā pilikia ʻai.
• E inu i ka wai nui i ka lā a pau e hoʻomāmā i ka mucus ma kou ihu a me kou puʻu.
• Inā loaʻa iā ʻoe nā maʻi allergies, e kūkākūkā me ke kauka e mālama iā lākou. E noho mamao aku mai nā mea e hoʻoulu ai i nā maʻi allergies i ka hiki.
• Inā ʻoe e puhipaka, e pale i ka puhipaka a mai hanu i ka uahi o haʻi.

He mea weliweli anei kēia? He aha ka mea e hiki mai ana? (Outlook)

ʻO ka nūhou maikaʻi, ʻaʻole ia he mea weliweli ka ETD a hoʻopau pinepine ia iā ia iho . Eia nō naʻe, hiki i nā hōʻailona e pili ana me ia ke hoʻopilikia loa a hiki ke hoʻopilikia i nā hana o kēlā me kēia lā. No laila, he manaʻo maikaʻi e kamaʻilio me kāu kauka e pili ana i ke ʻano o ka mālama ʻana i kēia kūlana.

ʻO ka maʻamau, e hoʻomaikaʻi ʻia nā pilikia o ka ʻōpū Eustachian i loko o hoʻokahi a ʻelua paha pule. Eia nō naʻe, hiki i ka poʻe me ka ETD mau ke loaʻa nā hōʻailona no nā pule, nā mahina, a i ʻole nā ​​makahiki. ʻO kēia ka poʻe e pono ai ka mālama kūikawā.

Āhea ʻoe e ʻike ai i ke kauka?

Inā loaʻa iā ʻoe ka ʻeha nui ma muli o kahi pilikia me ka ʻōmole Eustachian, inā he wai a he pus paha e puka mai ana mai kou pepeiao, inā he kuni kou, a inā he mau hōʻailona kouInā ua hala ma mua o ʻelua pule a ʻaʻole kōkua nā lāʻau lapaʻau ma ka home, pono ʻoe e ʻike i ke kauka no ka ʻōlelo aʻo. ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o ka ʻike ʻana i ke kauka i ka wā hikiwawe loa, ʻoiai inā loaʻa i kahi keiki ʻōpio kēia mau hōʻailona.

Nā nīnau koʻikoʻi e nīnau aku i kāu kauka

Inā manaʻo ʻoe he kīnā ʻōpū Eustachian kou (ETD), he mea kōkua paha ke nīnau i kāu kauka i kekahi mau nīnau e like me kēia:

• He aha ke kumu nui i loaʻa ai iaʻu kēia kūlana ETD?
• Aia kekahi mau hana ʻē aʻe e hiki iaʻu ke hana ma ka home no kēia?
• He aha kaʻu e hana ai e hōʻemi i koʻu pilikia o ka loaʻa ʻana o ka ETD?
• E pono anei iaʻu nā lāʻau antibiotic a i ʻole nā ​​lāʻau lapaʻau ʻē aʻe i kuhikuhi ʻia e ke kauka? Inā pēlā, pehea ka lōʻihi e pono ai iaʻu ke lawe iā lākou?
• He aha kaʻu e hana ai e hōʻemi i kēia ʻehaʻeha a ʻoi aku ka mālie?
• Hiki paha ke hana hou ʻia kēia kūlana? He aha ka mea e hana ʻia e pale aku ai?
• E pono anei iaʻu kekahi mea e like me ke ʻoki kino?

ʻO ka mea hope loa, nā mea e hoʻomanaʻo ai (Leka Lawe-Home)

ʻAʻole maʻamau ka maʻi ʻeha o ka Eustachian Tube (ETD). Hoʻopau pinepine ia ma kāna iho . Eia naʻe, inā waiho ʻole ʻia, hiki i kekahi manawa ke alakaʻi i nā pilikia koʻikoʻi e like me ka nalowale o ka lohe, ke kani ʻana o nā pepeiao (tinnitus), nā maʻi pepeiao waena, a i ʻole ka hōʻino mau ʻana i ka eardrum a me ka pepeiao waena. No laila, inā ʻaʻole e hoʻomaikaʻi kāu mau hōʻailona ma hope o hoʻokahi a ʻelua paha pule, a inā he koʻikoʻi lākou, pono ʻoe e ʻike i ke kauka . Hiki iā ia ke ʻike i ke kumu o kou kūlana a ʻōlelo i ka lāʻau kūpono loa nāu. ʻO kou kuleana ke mālama i kou mau pepeiao!

ʻO ka ʻōmole Eustachian, ETD, ʻeha pepeiao, nalowale o ka lohe, tinnitus, pepeiao waena, eardrum