Ua like anei kāu mau genes? E kamaʻilio kākou e pili ana i ke kūlana "homozygous"!

I kēia lā, e kamaʻilio kākou e pili ana i kahi mea nui loa e pili ana i kā kākou mau genes. Ua lohe paha ʻoe i ka huaʻōlelo 'homozygous'. I ka ʻōlelo maʻalahi, ʻo ia hoʻi, loaʻa iā ʻoe ke kope like o kahi gene kikoʻī mai kou makuahine a me kou makuakāne. He ʻano ʻepekema iki paha kēia, akā he maʻalahi loa ia. E wehewehe hou aku kākou i kēia.

He aha lā ka allele?

E noʻonoʻo e pili ana i ia mea, loaʻa iā kākou ʻelua kope o kēlā me kēia gene, hoʻokahi mai ko kākou makuahine a hoʻokahi mai ko kākou makuakāne. ʻO ka hapa nui o nā genes i loko o ko kākou kino he like no nā mea āpau. Akā, he liʻiliʻi loa ka helu (ʻaʻole i hiki i ka 1%) o nā genes he mau ʻokoʻa iki. He ʻano like ʻole nā ​​​​alleles o ka gene like me nā ʻokoʻa iki. ʻO kēia mau ʻokoʻa liʻiliʻi i nā moʻo DNA ka mea e hāʻawi iā ʻoe i kou mau ʻano kūikawā. Ua like ia me nā ʻono like ʻole o ka meaʻai like, ʻeā?

He aha ka ʻokoʻa ma waena o ka homozygous a me ka heterozygous?

I kēia manawa, loaʻa iā ʻoe kekahi manaʻo e pili ana i nā alleles. ʻO ke ʻano o ka homozygous ua hoʻoilina ʻoe i ʻelua alleles like o ka gene like mai kou mau mākua ʻelua. ʻO ke ʻano kēia, ʻo ke kope o ka gene mai kou makuahine a me ke kope o ka gene mai kou makuakāne ua like like.

Ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, ʻo ke ʻano he heterozygous ʻo ia hoʻi ua hoʻoilina ʻoe i ʻelua mau alleles like ʻole o ka gene like mai kou mau mākua mai. ʻO ke ʻano kēia, ʻokoʻa iki ka moʻo DNA o ke kope o ka gene āu i loaʻa mai kou makuahine mai ka mea āu i loaʻa mai kou makuakāne. ʻO ke ʻano o 'Hetero' ʻo ia hoʻi 'ʻokoʻa', ʻo 'Homo' ʻo ia hoʻi 'like'. He maʻalahi, ʻeā?

No laila he aha kēia genotype homozygous?

He ʻano ʻepekema iki ke kani ʻana o ka Genotype, ʻeā? Mai hopohopo, e maʻalahi wau. Pili ka Genotype i ke ʻano a i ʻole ke ʻano o ka moʻo DNA āu e hoʻoilina ai. No laila, ʻo ka genotype homozygous ʻo ia hoʻi ua hoʻoilina ʻoe i ʻelua mau alleles o ke ʻano like. ʻO ia hoʻi, ua like like nā moʻo DNA o kahi gene kikoʻī a kou mau mākua ʻelua i hāʻawi mai ai iā ʻoe, ʻaʻohe ʻokoʻa.

Pehea e pili ai nā ʻano dominant a me nā ʻano recessive i nā homozygous genes?

ʻO kekahi mau alleles he 'dominant' , ʻo ia hoʻi he ikaika loa lākou. ʻO kekahi he 'recessive' , ʻo ia hoʻi ua kāohi iki ʻia lākou. I kēia manawa e noʻonoʻo he genotype heterozygous kāu, ʻo ia hoʻi hoʻokahi allele dominant a me hoʻokahi allele recessive. He aha ka mea e hana ai? Hoʻopau ka allele dominant i ka allele recessive, a puka mai ke ʻano dominant. Ua like ia me ke keiki kolohe ma ka papa e kāohi ana i nā poʻe ʻē aʻe.

Eia nō naʻe, i loko o kahi genotype homozygous, ʻaʻole kēia ka hihia. Hiki iā ʻoe ke loaʻa ʻelua alleles dominant no kahi ʻano (homozygous dominant). A i ʻole, hiki iā ʻoe ke loaʻa ʻelua alleles recessive (homozygous recessive).ʻO kēlā me kēia ʻano, ua hōʻike ʻia ke ʻano o nā alleles ʻelua e kūlike ana. I loko o ka genetics, ua hōʻike ʻia kahi ʻano homozygous dominant e nā leka nui ʻelua (no ka laʻana, BB). Ua hōʻike ʻia kahi ʻano homozygous recessive e nā leka liʻiliʻi ʻelua (no ka laʻana, bb).

He aha nā hiʻohiʻona o nā ʻano homozygous?

Ke hoʻoilina ʻoe i nā alleles like mai kou mau mākua mai, hiki iā lākou ke alakaʻi i nā ʻano homozygous. Hiki i kēia ke komo pū me kou helehelena, kou ʻōnaehana iwi, a inā paha e loaʻa iā ʻoe kekahi mau maʻi. E nānā kākou i kekahi mau laʻana.

Nā ʻano e pili ana i ke ʻano

• Waihoʻoluʻu maka: Hiki i kahi gene homozygous ke hoʻopilikia i ke kala o kou mau maka. ʻO Brown ke ʻano nui no ke kala o nā maka. Ua hōʻailona ʻia kēia he BB. ʻO nā kala maka ʻē aʻe a pau he uliuli. Ua hōʻailona ʻia kēia he bb. No laila, ʻo ke kanaka me nā maka ʻeleʻele nona kahi gene homozygous nona ka gene BB. ʻO ke kanaka me nā maka polū nona kahi gene homozygous nona ka gene bb. E noʻonoʻo, inā loaʻa i nā mākua ʻelua o kahi kanaka maka polū nā kope o ka gene (bb) e hāʻawi ana i nā maka polū, a laila ʻo ke kanaka maka polū he mau maka polū paha.
• Nā Freckles: He ʻano autosomal dominant nō hoʻi nā freckles. ʻOi aku ka nui o ka melanin i loko o ke kino o ke kanaka me nā freckles. Hōʻike ʻia kēia e FF. ʻO ke kanaka me nā freckles ʻole, loaʻa iā ia ka gene autosomal dominant, i hōʻike ʻia e ff.
• Nā Dimples: He ʻano autosomal dominant nō hoʻi nā Dimples. Hōʻike ʻia kēia e DD. ʻAʻohe o lākou dimples i ka poʻe me ke ʻano autosomal dominant (dd).
• Lauoho ʻōwili: He ʻano autosomal dominant nō hoʻi ka lauoho ʻōwili. Hōʻike ʻia e HH. ʻO ke ʻano autosomal dominant ka lauoho pololei. Hōʻike ʻia e hh.

Nā ʻano e pili ana i ka ʻōnaehana iwi

• Nā pepeiao i hoʻopaʻa ʻole ʻia: Inā he mau pepeiao i hoʻopaʻa ʻole ʻia kou, loaʻa iā ʻoe ka gene UU dominant. Inā pili kou mau pepeiao i ke kino, loaʻa iā ʻoe ka gene recessive uu.

Pehea e pili ai kekahi mau kūlana olakino i nā genes homozygous?

• Ka lohe ʻana a me ka ʻōlelo ʻana: ʻO ke ʻano nui ka hiki ke lohe a ʻōlelo maʻamau. Hōʻike ʻia kēia e ka gene nui SS. Inā loaʻa iā ʻoe nā genes recessive ʻelua ss, ʻaʻole paha ʻoe e hiki ke ʻōlelo a lohe paha maʻamau. ʻO ia hoʻi, he kuli a he leo ʻole paha ʻoe.
• Ke kū'ē ʻana i ka Poison Ivy: ʻO ke kū'ē ʻana i ka poison ivy kekahi ʻano koʻikoʻi. Hōʻike ʻia kēia ʻano koʻikoʻi e ka hōʻailona PP. Inā loaʻa iā ʻoe nā genes PP ʻelua, ʻaʻole ʻoe e kū'ē i ka poison ivy.

He aha nā pilikia genetic e hiki ke hoʻokumu ʻia e nā genes homozygous?

I kēia manawa, e kamaʻilio kākou e pili ana i kahi mea koʻikoʻi iki aʻe. Loaʻa iā ʻoe kahi gene mutated mai kou mau mākua ʻelua., ʻo ia hoʻi, inā loaʻa iā ʻoe ʻelua mau alleles o ke ʻano like ʻaʻole hana pono, he homozygous ʻoe no kēlā hoʻololi ʻana o ka genetic. ʻO ke ʻano kēia, ʻoi aku ka nui o kou hiki ke hoʻomohala i ke kūlana genetic i hoʻokumu ʻia e kēlā gene. Eia kekahi o nā kūlana genetic i hiki ke hoʻoilina ʻia:

• ʻO Cystic Fibrosis: Hana ʻia kahi protein e hoʻoneʻe i nā wai a puni i loko o nā cell o ko mākou kino e kahi gene i kapa ʻia ʻo 'CFTR.' Inā hoʻoilina ʻoe i ʻelua kope i hoʻololi ʻia o kēia gene 'CFTR', e loaʻa iā ʻoe kahi maʻi i kapa ʻia ʻo 'Cystic Fibrosis'. Hoʻoulu kēia i ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana o ka mucus mānoanoa ma nā wahi e like me nā māmā a me ka ʻōnaehana hoʻoheheʻe.
• ʻO ka Anemia Cell Sickle: ʻO ka gene HBB, ʻo ia kekahi hapa o ka hemoglobin i loko o ko kākou mau ʻulaʻula koko, kōkua i ka lawe ʻana i ka oxygen ma ke kino holoʻokoʻa. Inā hoʻoilina ʻoe i ʻelua kope i hoʻololi ʻia o ka gene HBB, e loaʻa iā ʻoe ka anemia cell sickle. Ma kēia kūlana, hoʻololi ke ʻano o nā ʻulaʻula koko a loaʻa ke ʻano sickle, no laila ka inoa. Hiki i kēia ke hoʻopilikia i ke kahe koko.
• Phenylketonuria: Ke haʻi aku nei ka gene PAH i nā cell e hana i kahi enzyme e wāwahi i ka amino acid phenylalanine. Inā hoʻoilina ʻoe i ʻelua kope mutated o ka gene PAH, e loaʻa iā ʻoe kahi maʻi i kapa ʻia ʻo phenylketonuria. Ma kēia kūlana, hōʻiliʻili ka phenylalanine i loko o ke kino a hiki ke hōʻino i ka lolo.

ʻO ka mea nui, inā he "homozygous" ʻoe no kahi gene kikoʻī, ʻo ia hoʻi ua hoʻoilina ʻoe i nā kope like (alleles) o kēlā gene mai kou mau mākua ʻelua. Ma muli o kēia mau genes homozygous, hiki iā ʻoe ke loaʻa i kāu mau ʻano kino kū hoʻokahi.

No laila, he aha nā mea nui e pono ai kākou e hoʻomanaʻo mai kēia moʻolelo?

ʻAe, ua kamaʻilio nui mākou e pili ana i kēia moʻolelo 'Homozygous'. Eia kekahi mau mea e hoʻomanaʻo ai i ka pōkole:

• ʻO ke ʻano o Homozygous he ʻelua mau alleles like no kahi gene kikoʻī, mai kou makuahine a me kou makuakāne.
• Hiki i kēia mau alleles ʻelua ke lilo i dominant a recessive paha, ka mea e hoʻoholo ai i kou mau ʻano.
• I kekahi manawa, inā hoʻoilina ʻia ʻelua mau alleles i hoʻololi ʻia o ke ʻano like ma kēia ʻano, hiki ke loaʻa kekahi mau kūlana genetic . No ka laʻana, cystic fibrosis a i ʻole ka anemia cell sickle.
• Eia nō naʻe, ʻaʻole nā ​​​​genes homozygous ke kumu o nā maʻi i nā manawa a pau. Nui nā ʻano maʻamau, e like me ke kala o kou mau maka, ke ʻano o kou lauoho, a inā he mau dimples kou ma kou mau papālina, ua hana ʻia e kēia mau genes homozygous.

No laila, ʻo kēia ka moʻolelo maʻalahi e pili ana i nā genes homozygous. ʻO ka ʻike ʻana i nā mea e like me kēia e kōkua nui iā mākou e hoʻomaopopo i ko mākou kino, ʻeā? Inā he mau nīnau hou aku kāu e pili ana i kēia, mai kānalua e nīnau i ke kauka a i ʻole ke kākāʻōlelo genetic.

ʻO Homozygous, Genes, Alleles, Dominant Feits, Recessive Feits, Genetic Diseases