⚡ Interactive Clinical Tool
BMI Calculator
Know your body mass index (BMI) and weight classification
No ke aha i ālai ʻia ai kēia mau ala waimaka? He aha nā ala waimaka?
ʻAe, e nānā mua kākou i ke ʻano o ka hana ʻia ʻana o kēia mau waimaka a me nā mea e hana ʻia ana i nā ʻauwai waimaka. ʻIke ʻoe, pono e pulu mau ko kākou mau maka, e pale aku iā lākou mai ka lepo. No ke kōkua ʻana i kēia, loaʻa iā kākou nā ʻōpū liʻiliʻi ma luna o ko kākou mau maka, ma lalo o ko kākou mau lihilihi, e hana ana i nā waimaka. Hohola kēia mau waimaka ma loko o ka maka, e mālama ana i ka maka i maʻemaʻe, a laila komo i loko o ka maka, kokoke i ka ihu, ma o ʻelua mau lua liʻiliʻi (kapa mākou iā lākou he "puncta"), a hele ma kahi ʻōnaehana liʻiliʻi o nā paipu i ka ihu. ʻO kēia ʻōnaehana o nā paipu ka mea a mākou e kapa ai ʻo "lacrimal drainage system ". No laila, he aha ka mea e hana ʻia inā he mea paʻa ma kekahi wahi ma ke ala, ma ke ʻauwai waimaka? ʻAʻole hiki i nā waimaka ke kahe pono. ʻO ia ka manawa e hoʻomaka ai nā waimaka e kahe mai loko mai o ka maka, e like me ka wai e ninini ana mai loko mai o kahi poho piha. No ke aha e hana ʻia ai kēia i nā keiki liʻiliʻi? ʻO ka hapa nui o ka manawa, hana ʻia kēia no ka mea ʻaʻole i wehe piha ʻia nā ʻauwai waimaka o nā pēpē hānau hou. ʻO ia hoʻi, he ʻano ia e kū nei mai ka hānau ʻana mai. Ua kapa ʻia kēia e nā kauka he (Congenital Nasolacrimal Duct Obstruction - CNLDO). I ka wā e noho ana ke pēpē i loko o ka ʻōpū, hiki ke uhi ʻia ka hopena o kēia duct me kahi (membrane) lahilahi. ʻO ka maʻamau, wehe ʻia kēia membrane ma kona iho i ka wā hānau a i ʻole kekahi mau pule ma hope o ka hānau ʻana. Akā i kekahi mau pēpē, ʻaʻole kēia e hana. ʻO ia ka manawa e hoʻomaka ai ka pilikia.I ka ʻōlelo maʻalahi, ua like ke kahawai waimaka me kahi ʻōmole liʻiliʻi e lawe ana i nā waimaka i hana ʻia ma ka maka i ka ihu. Inā paʻa, e kahe nā waimaka mai ka maka.
Pehea ʻoe e ʻike ai inā ua ālai ʻia kou ala waimaka? He aha nā hōʻailona?
Inā manaʻo ʻoe ua paʻa ke ala waimaka o kāu keiki liʻiliʻi, e makaʻala i kēia mau hōʻailona.- Nā maka waimaka mau: Inā he waimaka ko kāu pēpē ma kekahi a i ʻole nā maka ʻelua, ʻoiai ke ʻole lākou e uē ana, a i kekahi manawa e kahe ana lākou ma ko lākou mau papālina, pono ʻoe e hopohopo inā hoʻomau kēia a hiki i ka piha ʻana o kāu pēpē i 6-8 mahina .
- Ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana o nā mea e like me ka mucus a me ka pus i loko o ka maka: No ka mea, ʻaʻole kahe pono nā waimaka, hiki i nā waimaka ke hōʻiliʻili i loko o ka maka, i kekahi manawa e hana ana i kahi mea e like me ka mucus, a i ʻole ka melemele, ʻōmaʻomaʻo e like me ka pus. Hiki ke paʻa kou mau maka ke ala ʻoe i ke kakahiaka.
- ʻUlaʻula a me ka pehu ʻana o nā maka:I kekahi manawa, ʻoiai inā he maʻi, hiki i ka ʻāpana a puni ka maka ke lilo i ʻulaʻula a pehu.
- Nā maʻi maka e hoʻi hou ana: No ka mea, noho nā waimaka ma kahi hoʻokahi, maʻalahi ka ulu ʻana o nā germs . Hiki i kēia ke kumu i kekahi mau pēpē e loaʻa hou ai nā maʻi maka. Hiki i ke kauka ke kuhikuhi i nā antibiotics e hōʻemi i ka maʻi, akā e hoʻi hou mai ia ma hope o kekahi mau lā.
- He pehu polū ma ke kihi o loko o ka maka (ma ka ʻaoʻao ihu): I kekahi manawa, ʻike ʻia kahi pehu liʻiliʻi ma kahi o ka ʻeke lacrimal, kahi e piha ai me nā waimaka. Ua kapa ʻia kēia he dacryocystocele.
Pono anei nā kānaka a pau i ke ʻoki kino? ʻAʻole anei he lāʻau lapaʻau ʻē aʻe ma mua?
ʻAʻole, ʻaʻole e hana koke ʻia nā kānaka a pau i ke ʻoki kino. ʻOi aku hoʻi no nā keiki, hoʻāʻo mua nā kauka i nā lāʻau lapaʻau maʻalahi ʻē aʻe. Nā mea e hana mua ai: 1. Lomilomi ʻeke lacrimal: ʻO kēia ka mea mua i aʻo ʻia iā ʻoe. E hōʻike pololei kāu kauka a kahu maʻi paha iā ʻoe pehea e hana ai i kēia. ʻO ka lomilomi mālie a pololei i ka wahi ma waena o kou maka a me kou ihu kahi i loaʻa ai ka ʻeke waimaka hiki ke kōkua i ka wehe ʻana i ka membrane i paʻa. Pono e hana ʻia kēia i nā manawa he nui i ka lā. He mea nui loa ia e hana pololei i kēia. 2. Mālama i ka maka maʻemaʻe: E mālama i ka maka maʻemaʻe ma ka holoi ʻana me kahi lole pulu (i hoʻomaʻū ʻia me ka wai mahana). 3. Nā kulu maka antibiotic: Inā he maʻi, ʻo ia hoʻi, inā he pus, inā ʻulaʻula ka maka, hiki i ke kauka ke hāʻawi iā ʻoe i kahi kulu maka me nā antibiotics. Akā ke kāohi wale nei kēia i ka maʻi, ʻaʻole ia e hoʻomaʻemaʻe i ke kahawai waimaka i paʻa. I ka hapa nui o nā hihia, i ka wā e 6, 9, a i ʻole hoʻokahi makahiki paha nā pēpē, e wehe ʻia ke kahawai waimaka ma kāna iho me kēia lomilomi a me ka hala ʻana o ka manawa. ʻO ke ʻano kēia, ʻaʻole pono ka ʻoki kino ma kahi o 9 o 10 mau keiki. No laila, i ka manawa hea ʻoe e noʻonoʻo ai i ke ʻoki kino?- ʻOiai inā he makahiki hoʻokahi o ka pēpē (manaʻo kekahi mau kauka he mea ma mua), inā hoʻomau kēia haehae a me ka maʻi.
- Inā loaʻa iā ʻoe nā maʻi maka pinepine a koʻikoʻi.
- Inā ʻaʻole kōkua nā mea e like me ka lomilomi .
- Inā loaʻa iā ʻoe kahi maʻi laha ʻole i kapa ʻia ʻo "dacryocystocele".
He aha ke ʻoki ʻana i ke alahaka waimaka?
I ka ʻōlelo maʻalahi, ʻo kēia ʻoki kino ke wehe i ke ala waimaka i paʻa. Hana pinepine ʻia kēia e kahi loea maka, i kekahi manawa he kauka maka pediatric. ʻAʻole kēia he ʻoki kino nui a paʻakikī. ʻO ka hapa nui, hana ʻia ia ma ke ʻano he ʻoki kino liʻiliʻi ma waho . ʻO ke ʻano kēia, ʻaʻole pono ka pēpē e noho i ka haukapila no nā lā, a hiki ke hoʻi i ka home i ka lā hoʻokahi. Ke hana ʻia kēia ʻoki kino ma nā keiki, hāʻawi ʻia lākou i ka anesthesia laulā, ʻo ia hoʻi, ʻaʻole lākou e manaʻo i kekahi mea a ʻaʻole hoʻi e ʻeha. No laila, ʻaʻole manaʻo ka pēpē i kekahi ʻoluʻolu ʻole a makaʻu paha mai kēia. ʻO ke kaʻina hana ʻoki kino maʻamau no nā keiki: ʻO ke ʻano maʻamau no nā keiki ʻōpio, ʻo ia ka probing a me ka irrigation . Ma kēia, hoʻouna ke kauka i kahi mea hana lahilahi loa (probe) ma ke ala waimaka a wehe mālie i ka membrane i paʻa a i ʻole ka blockage. A laila, hoʻouna ʻia kekahi mea e like me ka wai saline i lalo o ka paipu (ua kapa ʻia kēia ʻo (irrigation)) e ʻike inā ua wehe loa ka paipu a ke kahe pono nei nā waimaka. I kekahi manawa, ʻoiai inā hoʻomau ka paʻa ʻana o ka paipu ma hope o kēia (probing), hiki i ke kauka ke hoʻoholo e hoʻokomo i kahi paipu liʻiliʻi (stent) e mālama i ka paipu e wehe. Waiho ʻia kēia ʻōmole no kekahi mau mahina a laila wehe ʻia. Hiki ke paʻakikī iki ke ʻoki ʻana no nā pākeke (e like me (dacryocystorhinostomy - DCR)), akā hoʻohana pinepine ʻia kēia ʻano (probing and irrigation) no nā keiki.He aha kāu e pono ai e ʻike ma mua o ke ʻoki kino?
Inā hoʻoholo kāu kauka e hana i ke ʻoki kino, e wehewehe ʻo ia iā ʻoe i kēia mau mea:- ʻAʻole pono e hāʻawi ʻia ka pēpē i ka meaʻai a mea inu paha no kekahi manawa ma mua o ke ʻoki ʻana (no ka mea, ua hāʻawi ʻia ka anesthesia ).
- ʻO ka manawa e pono ai ʻoe e hōʻea i ka haukapila i ka lā o ke ʻoki kino.
- Pono ʻoe e haʻi i ke kauka e pili ana i nā maʻi ʻē aʻe a i ʻole nā maʻi ʻaleka i loaʻa i kāu pēpē.
- ʻO kēia ka manawa kūpono loa e kamaʻilio me kāu kauka e pili ana i kekahi mau nīnau a hopohopo paha āu e loaʻa ai.
Pehea e hana ʻia ai ke ʻoki kino? E ʻeha anei ke keiki liʻiliʻi?
E like me kā mākou i ʻōlelo ai ma mua, hana ʻia kēia ʻoki kino ma nā pēpē ma lalo o ka anesthesia laulā. ʻO ia hoʻi, ua hiamoe loa ke pēpē. ʻAʻole lākou e ʻeha. Ua pau ke ʻoki kino i loko o kekahi mau minuke. Hoʻohana ke kauka i kēlā mau mea hana palupalu e wehe i ke ala waimaka.E noʻonoʻo i kēia ʻano, ua like ia me ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻana i kahi paipu wai i paʻa, akā me ke akahele a me ka akahele.
He aha ka mea e hana ʻia ma hope o ke ʻoki kino? Pehea e mālama ai iā ʻoe iho ma ka home?
Ma hope o ke ʻoki ʻana, e nānā ʻia ke pēpē no kekahi manawa, a i ka wā e ala ai lākou mai ka anesthesia, e ʻae ʻia lākou e hoʻi i ka home i ka lā hoʻokahi. E mālama i kēia mau mea ma hope o kou hoʻi ʻana i ka home:- Kulu maka: E kuhikuhi ke kauka i kahi lāʻau antibiotic a me kahi steroid paha.) Ua ʻōlelo ʻia e hoʻokomo i kahi ʻano kulu maka i loko. Pono e hoʻohana ʻia kēia i ka manawa kūpono, no ka helu kūpono o nā lā. Pale kēia i ka maʻi a hōʻemi i ka pehu.
- Ka mālama ʻana i nā maka maʻemaʻe: Hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻomaʻū i ka ʻāpana a puni nā maka. Akā, mai hamo a ʻūmi paha i nā maka.
- He kahe koko iki: I kekahi manawa, loaʻa paha iā ʻoe kahi kahe poni mai kou ihu no hoʻokahi a ʻelua paha lā ma hope o ke ʻoki ʻana. He mea maʻamau kēia, mai hopohopo. Akā inā nui ke kahe koko, e haʻi i kāu kauka .
- Hana Hoʻi: Pono ʻoe e lawe i kāu pēpē i ka manawa i koho ʻia e ke kauka e ʻike inā ua holomua ke ʻoki ʻana a inā e hana pono ana ke ala waimaka.
Aia kekahi mau hopena ʻaoʻao mai kēia ʻoki kino?
E like me nā ʻoki kino āpau, aia kahi manawa liʻiliʻi o nā hopena ʻaoʻao liʻiliʻi loa, akā he mea kakaikahi loa ia.- ʻO kahi maʻi (ʻo ia ke kumu e hāʻawi ʻia ai nā kulu antibiotic).
- ʻO ke ala hou ʻana o ke aʻa waimaka i ālai ʻia (he mea kākaʻikahi nō hoʻi kēia, inā hana ia, pono paha ʻoe e hana hou i ke ʻoki kino).
- Nā pilikia liʻiliʻi e pili ana i ka anesthesia (he mea kākaʻikahi loa kēia).
He aha ka mea e hana ʻia inā ʻaʻole ʻoe e hana i ke ʻoki kino?
Inā paʻa mau ke ala waimaka, ʻo ka pilikia nui ka hoʻi hou ʻana o nā maʻi maka . He pilikia kēia no ʻoe a me kāu pēpē. I kekahi manawa hiki ke koʻikoʻi kēia mau maʻi. I kekahi manawa, hiki ke loaʻa kahi maʻi koʻikoʻi o ka ʻeke waimaka (acute dacryocystitis). Hiki ke ʻeha loa kēia. No laila, inā ʻōlelo ke kauka i ke ʻoki kino, he mea nui e noʻonoʻo pono e pili ana i ia mea.Leka Lawe-Home
ʻAe, no laila e hoʻomanaʻo aku kākou iā ʻoe i kekahi o nā mea nui a kākou i kamaʻilio ai.- He mea maʻamau i nā pēpē hānau hou ke loaʻa nā maka waimaka a me ka wai kahe. I ka hapanui o nā hihia , e hoʻopau wale ʻia kēia i loko o kekahi mau mahina.
- He mea nui loa ka hana pono ʻana i ka lomilomi ʻana o ke ala waimaka a ke kauka e aʻo ai.
- Inā hoʻomau ka pilikia ma hope o ka piha ʻana o ka pēpē i hoʻokahi makahiki , a inā paha e loaʻa pinepine nā maʻi, hiki i ke kauka ke kūkākūkā i ke ʻoki kino (Tear Duct Blockage Surgery).
- He maʻalahi a palekana kēia ʻoki kino. Hāʻawi ʻia ka pēpē i ka anesthesia, no laila ʻaʻole ʻo ia e ʻeha. Hiki iā ia ke hoʻi i ka home i ka lā hoʻokahi.
- E hahai i nā ʻōlelo a ke kauka (e like me ke kau ʻana i nā kulu maka) ma hope pono o ke ʻoki ʻana.
- Inā he kānalua a makaʻu paha kou, mai hilahila a nīnau i kāu kauka. Aia lākou ma laila e kōkua iā ʻoe.
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