He maʻalahi nā mea a pau e pili ana i ka stethoscope! He aha ka mea a ke kauka e hoʻolohe ai iā ʻoe?

Ke hele ʻoe e ʻike i ke kauka, a i ʻole i ka haukapila, hoʻokahi mea āu e ʻike maoli ai ʻo ia kēlā mea liʻiliʻi a puni ka ʻāʻī o ke kauka a i ʻole ma luna o ka papaʻaina. ʻAe, ʻae, ʻo ia ka mea āu e kau ai ma kou pepeiao a me kekahi wēlau ma kou umauma a i ʻole ke kua a hoʻolohe. ʻO ia ka mea a mākou e kapa nei he stethoscope . I kekahi manawa e noʻonoʻo paha ʻoe, "He aha kāu e hoʻolohe nei me kēia mea liʻiliʻi?" ʻOiai he mea maʻalahi paha ia, he mea hana waiwai nui ia e hiki ke kōkua i ke kauka e ʻike i ka ʻike he nui e pili ana i nā mea e hana nei i loko o kou kino. I kēia lā, e kamaʻilio hou kākou e pili ana i kēia stethoscope.

He aha ka stethoscope? He aha kāna hana?

I ka ʻōlelo maʻalahi, he mea hana ka stethoscope a nā loea mālama ola e like me nā kauka a me nā kahu maʻi e hoʻohana ai e hoʻolohe i nā leo e puka mai ana mai loko mai o kou kino . Hiki i kēia mau leo ​​ke hāʻawi iā ʻoe i kahi manaʻo no kou olakino, ʻoiai pehea e hana ai kou puʻuwai , inā paha e hana pono ana kou mau māmā , a inā paha e kahe maʻamau ana ke koko ma o kou mau kīʻaha koko .

Ke hele ʻoe i ke kauka, ua ʻike paha ʻoe i ke kauka e lawe ana i ka stethoscope a kau i kēlā ʻāpana poepoe liʻiliʻi ma kou umauma, kua, ʻōpū a nānā i nā wahi like ʻole. Ua ʻōlelo ʻia ʻoe e hanu mālie i loko a hanu mālie i waho. I kekahi manawa kūnou wale ke kauka a neʻe i ka hoʻāʻo aʻe. Akā i kekahi manawa, inā ʻike lākou i kahi loli liʻiliʻi, hiki iā lākou ke noiʻi hou aku.

I ka lāʻau lapaʻau, ua kapa ʻia ka hoʻolohe ʻana i nā leo i loko o ke kino ʻo "Auscultation ." ʻO kēia ka hana nui o ka stethoscope.

He aha ka mea a ke kauka e hoʻolohe ai me kēia stethoscope?

Hana ko kākou kino i nā leo like ʻole i nā manawa a pau. E noʻonoʻo i kou puʻuwai e kuʻi ana e like me ke kani "lub-dub". He mau leo ​​maʻamau kēia. Akā, aia kekahi mau leo ​​i maʻamau ʻole. Inā lohe ʻoe i ia mau leo ​​ʻē, ʻo ia hoʻi, aia paha he pilikia e pono ai ka nānā ʻana, a malia paha he lāʻau lapaʻau.

Me ka stethoscope, hiki i ke kauka ke lohe nui:

• Nā leo o ka puʻuwai: Ma waho aʻe o ke ʻano a me ka wikiwiki o ka puʻuwai, hiki paha iā ʻoe ke lohe i nā leo ʻē e like me "Heart Murmurs." ʻO kēia mau ʻōhumu he mau leo ​​i hoʻokumu ʻia e nā pilikia me nā valves o ka puʻuwai a i ʻole nā ​​​​loli i ke ʻano o ke kahe ʻana o ke koko.
• Nā leo o ka māmā: Nā leo āu e hana ai ke hanu ʻoe i loko a i waho. Ma waho aʻe o nā leo hanu maʻamau, hiki iā ʻoe ke lohe i nā leo ʻē e like me ka "Wheezing" (he leo hū i kou hanu ʻana i loko, lohe ʻia i nā kūlana e like me ka hānō) a me ka "Stridor" (he leo kiʻekiʻe a ʻoʻoleʻa ke hanu ʻoe i loko).
• Nā leo o ka ʻōpū: Hana kou mau ʻōpū i nā leo ke hana lākou. I kekahi manawa, hana ʻoe i nā leo ke pōloli ʻoe, ʻeā? Eia kekahi, i kekahi mau kūlana olakino, hiki ke loli nā leo e puka mai ana mai kou mau ʻōpū. No ka laʻana, hiki iā lākou ke hana i nā leo nui loa (ʻōhumu) a i ʻole nā ​​leo kiʻekiʻe (nā leo kiʻekiʻe).
• Nā leo o ke kīʻaha koko:Hiki iā ʻoe ke lohe i ke kani o ke koko e kahe ana ma o nā aʻa carotid, ʻoi aku hoʻi ma ka ʻāʻī. I kekahi manawa, inā ua haiki nā aʻa, hiki ke lohe ʻia kahi leo ʻē (`(Carotid Bruit)`) i ke kahe ʻana o ke koko ma o lākou.

He mea nui: ʻAʻole hiki i ke kauka ke haʻi koke iā ʻoe i ke ʻano o ka pilikia a i ʻole ke koʻikoʻi o ia mea ke lohe ʻo ia i kahi leo ʻē e like me kēia. Eia nō naʻe, hāʻawi ia iā ʻoe i kahi kuhi e hewa paha kekahi mea. A laila wale nō, inā pono, e hana ʻia nā hoʻokolohua hou aʻe e hoʻoholo ai i ke kumu pololei a hoʻolālā i ka mālama ʻana. I nā huaʻōlelo ʻē aʻe, ʻo ka stethoscope ka hana mua a koʻikoʻi loa i ka ʻike ʻana i kahi maʻi . Akā, ʻaʻole ia wale nō ke kaʻina hana.

Aia kekahi mau ʻano stethoscopes like ʻole?

ʻAe, aia kekahi mau ʻano stethoscopes a ke kauka e hoʻohana ai.

Stethoscope Kuʻuna (Stethoscope Analogue)

ʻO kēia ke ʻano a ka hapa nui o mākou i ʻike ai a hoʻohana ka hapa nui o nā kauka. Ua kapa ʻia hoʻi ʻo ia ʻo ka stethoscope maʻamau . He ala ia i hoʻāʻo ʻia e ka manawa a he ala kūleʻa hoʻi e hoʻolohe ai i nā leo i loko o ke kino.

ʻAʻohe mea uila a kikohoʻe paha i hoʻohana ʻia. Hele pololei mai ke kani mai loko mai o kou kino a hele ma o nā ʻōmole palupalu i ka pepeiao o ke kauka. Hoʻolohe ke kauka i ke kani a hoʻoholo i ka mea e hana nei.

Aia kekahi mau ʻano like ʻole o kēia mau stethoscopes kuʻuna. Eia kekahi laʻana, aia nā stethoscopes pediatric i hoʻolālā ʻia no ka hoʻohana ʻana e nā keiki ʻōpio a he mau ʻāpana liʻiliʻi ko lākou.

Stethoscope Uila

He ʻano stethoscope holomua iki kēia. Ua hoʻolālā ʻia e lohe i nā leo i loko o ke kino me ka maopopo a me ka leo nui . ʻO ia hoʻi, hoʻonui ia i ke kani. ʻO kekahi mau leo ​​i lohe mālie ʻia, no ka laʻana, kekahi mau "Heart Murmurs", hiki ke lohe maʻalahi ʻia me kēia.

Eia kekahi, loaʻa i kēia stethoscope ka ʻenehana e hōʻemi ana i ka walaʻau hope, no laila hiki i ke kauka ke lohe wale i nā leo āna e makemake ai e lohe maopopo. Eia kekahi, hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻopaʻa i ke kani a hoʻolohe iā ia ma hope a i ʻole e kaʻana like me kekahi kauka ʻē aʻe.

Stethoscope kikohoʻe

He stethoscope kēia me ka ʻenehana holomua hou aʻe. Hiki iā ia ke hopu maopopo i nā leo palupalu a hoʻopau i ka walaʻau pono ʻole. E like me ka stethoscope uila, hiki iā ia ke hoʻopaʻa i nā leo.

Akā ʻo ka mea kūikawā e pili ana i kēia, hiki iā ia ke hoʻololi i nā leo i lohe ʻia mai ia mea i ʻikepili ʻike maka, e like me nā kiʻi . Ma kēlā ala, hiki i ke kauka ke hoʻomaopopo maikaʻi i ka mea e hana nei i loko o ke kino. Eia kekahi, hiki ke hoʻouna ʻia kēia ʻikepili i nā kamepiula a i ʻole nā ​​​​mea hana ʻē aʻe a kālailai ʻia me nā polokalamu kūikawā e aʻo hou aku. Eia kekahi, hiki ke kaʻana like ʻia kēia ʻikepili me kāu mau kauka ʻē aʻe a kōkua i ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana i kāu lāʻau lapaʻau.

I ka wā e hiki mai ana, e hoʻohana paha nā kauka he nui i kēia mau stethoscopes uila a me nā stethoscopes kikohoʻe. I kēia manawa, ʻo nā stethoscopes kuʻuna ka mea i hoʻohana nui ʻia a hiki nō ke hāʻawi i ke kauka i ka ʻike waiwai nui.

Pehea e hana ai kēia stethoscope liʻiliʻi?

Hana ka stethoscope ma ka ʻohi ʻana i nā leo mai loko mai o kou kino a hoʻouna iā lākou ma o nā paipu hakahaka i ka pepeiao o ke kauka. He mea paʻakikī iki ka ʻepekema o ke kani, akā ma nā ʻōlelo maʻalahi, ke neʻe kekahi mea i loko o kou kino, hana ia i nā haʻalulu. Hoʻoulu kēia mau haʻalulu i nā ʻāpana i loko o ka ʻāpana a puni e kuʻi kekahi i kekahi, e hana ana i nā nalu leo . Ua like nā ʻōmole i loko o ka stethoscope me kahi tunnel e lawe ana i kēia mau nalu leo.

Ke loaʻa i ka pepeiao o ke kauka kēia mau nalu kani, ua unuhi ʻia lākou i mau leo ​​​​​​i ʻike ʻia - no ka laʻana, ke kani "whoosh" o ka murmur puʻuwai a i ʻole ka whiowhio kiʻekiʻe o ka stridor.

No ka hoʻokō ʻana i kēia mau mea a pau, hana pū nā ʻāpana like ʻole o ka stethoscope.

He aha nā ʻāpana o kahi stethoscope?

He mau ʻāpana nui ko ka stethoscope kuʻuna (analogue):

• ʻĀpana umauma:

ʻO kēia ka ʻāpana a ke kauka e kau mālie ai ma kou ʻili (ʻo kou umauma maʻamau, akā ʻo kou kua, ʻōpū, a me ka ʻāʻī hoʻi). Hana ʻia ia me ka metala a me ka palakika. E like me ke kālā, ʻelua ʻaoʻao o kēia ʻāpana umauma: he diaphragm a he bele . Hiki i ke kauka ke hoʻoneʻe i kēia mau mea ʻelua i mua a i hope e lohe i nā ʻano leo like ʻole.

• Diaphragm: He ʻāpana pālahalaha a poepoe kēia. Hoʻohana pinepine ʻia ia e lohe i nā leo kiʻekiʻe (e.g., nā leo hanu, kekahi mau leo ​​ʻōpū, kekahi mau rumors puʻuwai).
• Bele: He ʻāpana liʻiliʻi kēia, ʻano kīʻaha i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia. Hoʻohana pinepine ʻia ia e lohe i nā leo haʻahaʻa (e.g., kekahi mau leo ​​puʻuwai, kekahi mau ʻōhumu puʻuwai, kekahi mau leo ​​aʻa koko).

Puka mai kahi koʻokoʻo hao liʻiliʻi (kumu) mai kēia ʻāpana umauma a pili i ka ʻōmole.

• Paipu:

He ʻōmole hakahaka kēia, palupalu. ʻO kēia ka mea e lawe i ke kani mai ka ʻāpana umauma a i ka pepeiao o ke kauka. ʻOkoʻa nō hoʻi ke ʻano o kēia mau ʻōmole, akā ʻo ka maʻamau, puka mai kekahi ʻōmole mai ka ʻāpana umauma mai, hele i kahi mamao pōkole, a laila māhele ʻia i ʻelua mau ʻōmole ma ke ʻano Y. Hoʻopili ʻia kēia mau ʻōmole palupalu ʻelua i nā ʻōmole pepeiao hao.

• Nā ʻōmole pepeiao:

Penei ke ʻano o ke kani e hele pololei ai i ka pepeiao o ke kauka. Aia ʻelua mau paipu hao, hoʻokahi no kēlā me kēia pepeiao. Aia kahi ʻūmiʻi iki ma waena o kēia mau mea. Hiki i ke kauka ke hoʻoneʻe i kēia mau paipu ʻelua a i ʻole e hoʻokaʻawale hou aku e kūpono i kona helehelena. Loaʻa i kēlā me kēia paipu pepeiao kahi wēlau palupalu liʻiliʻi ma ka hopena (e like me nā pepeiao pepeiao āu e hoʻohana ai e hoʻolohe i ke mele). Hoʻokomo paʻa ʻia kēia mau wēlau pepeiao i loko o ka pepeiao o ke kauka.

Loaʻa i nā stethoscopes uila a me nā stethoscopes kikohoʻe kēia mau ʻāpana like. ʻAʻole paha ʻoe e ʻike i ka ʻokoʻa nui ke nānā ke kauka iā ʻoe me lākou. Akā, loaʻa i kēia mau stethoscopes holomua nā mea loea hou e hoʻonui i ke kani a hana i nā mea e like me ke hoʻopaʻa ʻana.

ʻO wai ka mea nāna i hana i ka stethoscope?

Ua hana mua ʻia ka stethoscope i ka makahiki 1816 e kekahi kauka Farani i kapa ʻia ʻo René Laennec . Akā, ʻokoʻa loa ka mea hana āna i hana ai - he ʻōmole lāʻau maʻalahi - mai ka stethoscope a kāu kauka e hoʻohana nei i kēia lā. ʻO ia no ka mea, i ka hala ʻana o ka manawa, ua hoʻomaikaʻi kekahi mau kauka ʻē aʻe i kona hoʻolālā. Ua hoʻomohala ʻia ka hoʻolālā kumu o ka stethoscope a mākou e ʻike nei i kēia lā i nā makahiki 1960 e kekahi kauka ʻAmelika i kapa ʻia ʻo David Littmann .

ʻO ka mea nui loa e pono ai kākou e aʻo mai kēia

Ke hopohopo ʻoe e pili ana i ka hele ʻana i ke kauka, a i ʻole ke kali hopohopo nei i ka nūhou e pili ana i kahi mea aloha, ʻaʻole paha ʻoe e noʻonoʻo nui i nā lako a nā kauka e hoʻohana ai. A ʻaʻole paha ʻoe e mālama i ke ʻano o ka hana ʻana o kēlā lako - inā wale nō e hana.

Akā, ʻo ka ʻike iki e pili ana i kahi mea hana e like me ka stethoscope hiki ke kōkua iā ʻoe e hoʻomaopopo i ka mana o ka hui pū ʻana o ka ʻenehana a me ka ʻike loea o ke kauka i ka pale ʻana i kou olakino . He mea kupaianaha ka noʻonoʻo ʻana i ka nui o ka ʻepekema a me ka waiwai i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i loko o kēia mea hana liʻiliʻi, ʻeā? No laila, i ka manawa aʻe e kau ai ke kauka i kahi stethoscope i kou umauma, lana koʻu manaʻo e hoʻomanaʻo ʻoe i kēia mau mea!

ʻO ka Stethoscope, nā lako lapaʻau, ka puʻuwai, nā leo o ka māmā, ka ʻike ʻana, ka hoʻolohe ʻana, nā leo o ke kino