He aha ka Tourette Syndrome? E kamaʻilio maʻalahi kākou e pili ana.

Ua ʻike anei ʻoe i kekahi manawa ʻo nā keiki ʻōpio, a i kekahi manawa nā mākua, e ʻālohilohi mau ana ko lākou mau maka, a i ʻole e hāpai i ko lākou mau poʻohiwi, a i ʻole e kani koke ka ʻāʻī? Me he mea lā e hana nei kēia mau mea iā lākou me ka ʻole o ko lākou kaohi ʻana, ʻeā? ʻO ka Tourette syndrome kahi maʻi neurological e hoʻoulu ai i nā neʻe a i ʻole nā ​​​​leo hiki ʻole ke kaohi ʻia. Kāhea mākou i kēia mau tics ma nā ʻōlelo lapaʻau. Mai makaʻu ke lohe ʻoe i kēia. ʻO ka mea nui loa, ʻo ia ka ʻike piha i kēia.

I ka pōkole, he aha ka Tourette Syndrome?

ʻO ka Tourette syndrome kahi maʻi neurological e hoʻoulu ai i ke kanaka e hana i nā neʻe koke a me nā leo ʻole i hiki ʻole iā lākou ke kāohi. Ua kapa ʻia kēia mau mea he 'tics'. No ka laʻana, hiki i ke kanaka ke ʻālohilohi pinepine i ko lākou mau maka, hoʻomaʻemaʻe i ko lākou puʻu, a ʻōlelo paha i nā huaʻōlelo a lākou i manaʻo ʻole ai.

No kekahi poʻe, kōkua ka lāʻau lapaʻau i ka kaohi ʻana i kēia mau tics. Akā no kekahi poʻe, ʻaʻole hoʻopilikia kēia mau hōʻailona a ʻaʻole pono lākou i kekahi lāʻau lapaʻau.

Hoʻomaka pinepine kēia ʻano i ka wā kamaliʻi. ʻOi aku ka maʻamau i nā keikikāne ma mua o nā kaikamahine. ʻO ka mea maikaʻi loa, ʻo ia ka emi pinepine ʻana o kēia mau hōʻailona i ka wā e ulu ai nā keiki. I kekahi mau hihia, nalo loa lākou.

No ke aha e hana ʻia ai kēia? He aha nā kumu?

Ke hoʻāʻo nei nā kauka e hoʻomaopopo pono i ke kumu o ka maʻi Tourette, akā manaʻoʻiʻo lākou ua pili ia i nā loli i ka hana o kekahi mau ʻāpana o ka lolo. Manaʻo nā kānaka noiʻi he loli nā ganglia basal, ka mea e kōkua ai i ka hoʻomalu ʻana i nā neʻe ʻana o ke kino; nā lobes frontal, ka mea e hoʻomalu i nā ʻiʻo; a me ka cortex, ka mea e kōkua ai i ke kamaʻilio ʻana ma waena o nā ʻāpana like ʻole o ka lolo.

Eia kekahi, ʻo ke kaulike ʻole o nā kemika e lawe ana i nā leka i ka lolo, i kapa ʻia ʻo 'neurotransmitters,' kekahi kumu. ʻO nā mea nui ʻo ia ka '(dopamine)', '(serotonin)', a me '(norepinephrine)'.

Ma waho aʻe o kēia mau mea, aia kekahi mau kumu ʻē aʻe i hōʻoia ʻole ʻia, akā ua manaʻo ʻia he koʻikoʻi:

• Nā pilikia i ka wā hāpai
• Kaumaha hānau haʻahaʻa
• Nā ʻeha poʻo
• Ka lāʻau make kalapona monoxide
• ʻEnsefalitis

He mea kēia i loaʻa mai nā hanauna mai?

Manaʻo nā kānaka noiʻi he hiki ke hoʻoilina ʻia ka Tourette syndrome a i ʻole nā ​​​​​​kūlana tic like i kekahi ʻano. ʻO ke ʻano kēia he pilina genetic paha. ʻOiai ʻaʻole maopopo loa pehea e hana ai kēia, ʻo kahi kanaka me Tourette syndrome he 50% ka manawa e hoʻoili ai i kahi keiki. Eia nō naʻe, i kekahi mau ʻohana, he nui ka poʻe i loaʻa i ke kūlana, aʻo kekahi, hoʻokahi wale nō kanaka e loaʻa iā ia. Eia kekahi, ma kahi o hoʻokahi i loko o 20 mau keiki me ke kūlana ʻaʻohe mōʻaukala ʻohana o ke kūlana.

He aha nā hōʻailona o ka Tourette syndrome (Tics)?

ʻO ka hōʻailona nui o ka maʻi Tourette ʻo ia ka `tics`. He liʻiliʻi loa kekahi mau `tics` a ʻaʻole hiki ke ʻike ʻia. Akā, pinepine a maopopo kekahi. Hiki ke hoʻonui ʻia e nā mea e like me ke kaumaha , ka pīhoihoi, ka maʻi, a i ʻole ka luhi. Hiki i nā `tics` koʻikoʻi ke hoʻohilahila a hoʻopilikia i ke ola kaiaulu a i ʻole ka hana.

Ma mua o ka hiki ʻana mai o ka tic motor, hiki i kekahi poʻe ke manaʻo i ka ʻūlū, ka ʻūlū ʻana, a i ʻole ka paʻa ʻana i ko lākou kino. Nalowale ka ʻoluʻolu ʻole ke hiki mai ka tic, a i ʻole ka neʻe ʻana. Hiki paha iā ʻoe ke hoʻōki i nā tics no kekahi manawa, akā ʻaʻole paha ʻoe e hiki ke hoʻōki loa iā lākou.

ʻElua ʻano nui o nā `tics`. ʻO ia nā `motor tics` a me nā `vocal tics`. Ua māhele ʻia kēlā me kēia o kēia mau ʻano i ʻelua mau māhele: maʻalahi a paʻakikī.

ʻO ka ʻoiaʻiʻo e pili ana i ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka ʻōlelo pelapela (Coprolalia)

ʻO kekahi o nā hōʻailona huikau loa o ka Tourette syndrome ʻo ia ka `coprolalia`. ʻO kēia ka ʻōlelo ʻino a i ʻole nā ​​mea kūpono ʻole i ka nohona. Pēlā nō, ʻo ka hana ʻana i nā ʻano kolohe i kāohi ʻole ʻia ua kapa ʻia ʻo `copropraxia`. No ka mea, ua hōʻike ʻia ka poʻe me ke ʻano ma ka TV a me nā kiʻiʻoniʻoni, manaʻo ka poʻe he mea maʻamau kēia. Akā ʻo ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻo ka hapa nui o ka poʻe me ka Tourette syndrome ʻaʻohe `coprolalia` a i ʻole `copropraxia`.

Nā kūlana pili ʻē aʻe

ʻOiai ʻaʻole maopopo ke kumu kikoʻī, ma kahi o ka hapalua o ka poʻe me ka Tourette syndrome he mau hōʻailona ko lākou o ADHD (Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder), ʻo ia hoʻi he paʻakikī iā lākou ke hoʻolohe, e noho kālele ana, a me ka hoʻopau ʻana i nā hana.

Eia kekahi, hiki ke pili pū ʻia ka Tourette syndrome me kēia mau kūlana:

• Hopohopo
• Nā pilikia aʻo, no ka laʻana, dyslexia
• ʻO ka maʻi obsessive-compulsive (OCD) kahi kūlana i hiki ʻole ai ke kaohi ʻia nā manaʻo a me nā hana i makemake ʻole ʻia, no ka laʻana, ka holoi lima mau.

Pehea e ʻike maopopo ai ke kauka inā he Tourette syndrome kēia?

Eia nō naʻe, pono paha i kāu kauka ke nānā i nā kumu ʻē aʻe o kāu mau tics. No ka laʻana, ʻo ka ʻālohilohi mau ʻana o ka maka ma muli paha o ka ʻike maka maikaʻi ʻole, a i ʻole ka ʻōʻō mau ʻana o ka ihu ma muli paha o kahi maʻi allergy. I ia mau hihia, hiki ke kuhikuhi ʻia ʻoe no nā hoʻokolohua e like me nā hoʻokolohua koko a i ʻole kahi scan MRI o kou lolo. Hiki ke noi ʻia ʻoe e hana i kahi EEG (electroencephalogram), kahi e ana ai i nā ʻano nalu o ka lolo.

Hiki i kāu kauka ke nīnau i nā nīnau e like me kēia:

• He aha ka mea i hoʻoikaika iā ʻoe e hele mai i ʻaneʻi i kēia lā?
• Loaʻa iā ʻoe a i ʻole kāu keiki nā neʻe kino hiki ʻole ke kāohi ʻia? Pehea ka lōʻihi o kēia hana?
• Ke lohe nei ʻoe i nā huaʻōlelo a i ʻole nā ​​leo e puka mai ana mai kou waha me ka noʻonoʻo ʻole? I ka manawa hea i hoʻomaka ai kēia?
• Aia kekahi mea e hoʻomaikaʻi ai i kēia mau hōʻailona? He aha ka mea e hoʻonui ai iā lākou?
• Loaʻa iā ʻoe a i ʻole kāu keiki ka hopohopo a paʻakikī paha i ka noʻonoʻo ʻana?
• Aia kekahi poʻe ʻē aʻe o ka ʻohana i loaʻa i kēia mau hōʻailona?

Eia kekahi, noʻonoʻo pū ke kauka i kēia mau pae hoʻohālikelike:

• No loko anei nā ʻano o ka neʻe ʻana a me ke kani ʻana o nā `tics` (ʻaʻole pono lākou e hana ʻia i ka manawa like).
• ʻAʻole pili i ka nui o nā manawa a lākou e hele mai ai i ka lā, e mau anei kēia no hoʻokahi makahiki?
• Ua hoʻomaka anei ma mua o ka piha ʻana o nā makahiki 18?
• ʻAʻole anei i hoʻokumu ʻia kēia mau mea e nā lāʻau lapaʻau a i ʻole nā ​​​​mea ʻē aʻe?
• Ke ʻokoʻa nei nā tics i ke alapine (frequency), ke ʻano (type), ke koʻikoʻi (violence), a i ʻole inā paha mai ka maʻalahi a i ka paʻakikī?

He aha nā lāʻau lapaʻau no kēia?

ʻAʻohe lāʻau lapaʻau no ka Tourette syndrome i kēia manawa. Eia nō naʻe, no ka hapa nui o nā kānaka, ʻaʻole i koʻikoʻi nā tics e pono ai ka mālama ʻana. Eia nō naʻe, inā lākou e hoʻopilikia nei i kou ola, hiki i kāu kauka ke kuhikuhi i ka lāʻau lapaʻau.

Nā lāʻau lapaʻau

Aia kekahi mau ʻano lāʻau lapaʻau e hiki ke kōkua i ka hōʻemi ʻana i nā `tics.` Ua kuhikuhi ʻia kekahi o kēia mau mea no nā kūlana ʻē aʻe. ʻO ia no ka mea ua ʻike ʻia kēlā mau lāʻau lapaʻau e hōʻemi i nā `tics.`

• Nā lāʻau lapaʻau e hoʻopilikia ai i ka dopamine: Fluphenazine, Haloperidol, Pimozide, Risperidone.
• Nā lāʻau lapaʻau koko kiʻekiʻe: e like me 'Clonidine', 'Guanfacine'.
• Nā lāʻau hoʻohaʻahaʻa kaumaha: Fluoxetine (Prozac), Sertraline (Zoloft).
• Nā lāʻau lapaʻau no ADHD: e like me `Methylphenidate (Ritalin LA)`.
• Nā lāʻau lapaʻau no ka maʻi epilepsy: e like me `Topiramate (Topomax)`.

Hoʻōla

Ma waho aʻe o nā lāʻau lapaʻau, he kōkua nui nā ʻano therapeutic i ka mālama ʻana i kēia maʻi.

• Kamaʻilio lapaʻau: Hiki iā ʻoe ke kamaʻilio me kahi psychologist a mea hoʻomaʻamaʻa i aʻo ʻia e aʻo pehea e hana ai me ka Tourette syndrome a me nā kūlana pili e like me ADHD, OCD, a i ʻole ka hopohopo.
• ʻO ka Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT): Pili kēia i ka ʻike ʻana i nā manaʻo e kū mua ana i nā tics a me ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana i ka hana ʻana i kahi mea ʻē aʻe e pane aku ai iā lākou. Hiki i kēia ke lilo i mea kōkua nui i ka kaohi ʻana i nā tics.
• Hoʻoulu ʻana i ka lolo hohonu (DBS): He lāʻau hoʻokolohua kēia. Manaʻo ʻia no ka poʻe me nā hihia koʻikoʻi loa i pane ʻole i nā lāʻau ʻē aʻe. Ma kēia, ua hoʻokomo ʻia kahi mea hana ma ke ʻoki ʻana e hāʻawi i ka hoʻoulu uila i nā ʻāpana o ka lolo e kaohi ana i ka neʻe ʻana.

Nā Manaʻo no nā Mākua e Mālama Ana i kahi Keiki me ka Tourette Syndrome

Hiki i ka mālama ʻana i kahi keiki me kēia maʻi ke lilo i mea paʻakikī no nā mākua. E hoʻomanaʻo, piʻi pinepine nā tics i ka wā ʻōpio o ke keiki a emi mālie i ko lākou wā ʻelemakule.

I kēia manawa, eia kekahi mau mea e kōkua iā ʻoe:

• Mai koi aku i kāu keiki e hoʻōki i kā lākou tics. He mea kaumaha paha ka ʻike ʻana a i ʻole ka lohe ʻana iā lākou, akā ʻo ka hoʻāʻo ʻana e kāohi iā lākou hiki ke hoʻonui i ke kaumaha o ke keiki a hoʻonui i ka ʻino o nā tics.
• E hoʻomaopopo i nā mākua i ke ola o ke keiki. E hoʻomaopopo i nā kumu kula, ka mea hoʻokele kaʻa kula, ke kumu papa, a me nā kumu aʻo a ke keiki e noho pū ai me ia i ka manawa nui. E wehewehe i ke kūlana iā lākou a loaʻa ke kākoʻo e pono ai ke keiki.
• E kōkua i ke kūkulu ʻana i ka manaʻo ponoʻī o kāu keiki. E paipai i kāu keiki e alualu i nā makemake a me nā talena (e like me nā haʻuki, nā kiʻi, ke mele). E kōkua kēia iā lākou e loaʻa nā hoaaloha, e aʻo i nā mea hou, a kūkulu i ka hilinaʻi iā ia iho.
• E aʻo aku i kāu keiki pehea e hana ai me nā ʻakaʻaka a haʻi. E kamaʻilio me kāu keiki a hoʻomaʻamaʻa iā ia pehea e pane ai i nā ʻakaʻaka a me nā nīnau a nā keiki ʻē aʻe.
• E kiʻi pū i ke kākoʻo. E ʻike inā he mau hui kākoʻo no nā mākua o nā keiki e like me kēia. E hāʻawi kēlā iā ʻoe i ka ikaika nui.