Koj puas tau xav txog tias muaj pes tsawg yam ua haujlwm hauv koj lub cev, yam tsis tau koj paub txog? Xav txog nws, koj lub plawv dhia, koj ua pa, koj nco txog lub ntsej muag uas koj tau pom, koj txav koj txhais tes thiab ceg ... Tag nrho cov no tsis yog tshwm sim dawb paug. Tom qab tag nrho cov no yog cov tshuaj xa xov me me. Hnub no, peb yuav tham txog ib qho ntawm cov neeg xa xov tseem ceeb hauv peb lub cev. Nws lub npe yog acetylcholine, lossis (ACh) luv.
Yog li leej twg yog acetylcholine (ACh) no?
Hais yooj yim xwb, acetylcholine (ACh) yog ib hom tshuaj hu ua neurotransmitter. Xav txog nws zoo li kev sib txuas lus hauv xov tooj ntawm peb lub hlwb thiab lwm qhov ntawm peb lub cev. Yog li cov no (neurotransmitters) zoo li 'cov neeg xa xov' uas nqa cov lus rov qab thiab tawm hla qhov kev sib txuas ntawd.
Acetylcholine yog ib qho neurotransmitter excitatory. Qhov ntawd txhais tau tias tus neeg xa xov no mus rau lub hlwb tom ntej thiab "ua rau nws sawv," "muab nws ib qho kev thawb zoo," hais tias, "Okay, tam sim no yog koj lub sijhawm, coj cov lus no mus tom ntej."
Nws tau txais nws lub npe los ntawm ob yam khoom uas nws ua los ntawm. Nws yog ib pawg acetyl thiab ib qho khoom noj khoom haus hu ua choline. Peb tuaj yeem tau txais cov choline no los ntawm cov khoom noj. Nws pom muaj nyob rau hauv cov khoom xws li qe qe, taum pauv, thiab zaub thiab txiv ntoo. Nws kuj tseem tsim los ntawm peb lub siab.
Acetylcholine ua ntau yam haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv peb lub cev. Nws yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev txav mus los ntawm cov leeg nqaij . Nws kuj tseem ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub hlwb xws li kev nco qab, kev xav, thiab kev kawm tej yam tshiab .
Qhov no tsim li cas hauv peb lub cev?
Peb muaj ib qho enzyme hauv peb lub cev hu ua 'choline acetyltransferase'. Xav txog nws zoo li ib tug kws ua zaub mov. Cov enzyme no yog qhov uas muab cov choline uas tau hais ua ntej thiab pawg acetyl los tsim cov acetylcholine (ACh) qab heev. Cov txheej txheem no tshwm sim ntawm qhov kawg ntawm peb cov hlwb paj hlwb.
Zoo, tam sim no cia peb saib seb cov lus no mus li cas.
Tom qab acetylcholine (ACh) raug tsim, nws khaws cia rau ntawm qhov kawg ntawm lub hlwb, zoo li ib pawg ntawv hauv chaw xa ntawv. ACh khaws cia no raug tso tawm thaum cov lus tuaj txog ntawm lub hlwb.
Ces ACh no dhia mus rau hauv ib qho chaw me me ntawm ob lub hlwb paj hlwb. Qhov chaw no hu ua qhov synaptic cleft. Xav txog nws zoo li cov lus dhia hla tus dej.
Lub hlwb ntawm nws ib sab muaj qhov chaw tshwj xeeb los ntes ACh no. Yog xav kom meej, nws zoo li tus yuam sij uas haum rau tus yuam sij. Peb hu cov receptors no. Muaj ob hom receptors tseem ceeb rau acetylcholine:
1. Cov neeg txais Nicotinic
2. Cov receptors Muscarinic
Thaum tus yuam sij ACh khi rau ib qho ntawm ob tus yuam sij Ibi no, cov lus xa mus rau lub cell tom ntej. Ua li no, cov lus xa mus los ntawm lub cell mus rau lub cell thiab mus txog qhov chaw tsim nyog (piv txwv li, ib lub leeg).
Tom qab xa cov lus lawm, muaj ib tug neeg uas tshem tawm cov ACh uas seem hauv qhov sib txawv ntawd. Qhov ntawd yog ib qho enzyme hu ua 'acetylcholinesterase.' Qhov no ua yog rhuav tshem cov ACh uas seem thiab tig nws rov qab mus rau hauv cov khoom tshiab kiag li . Tom qab ntawd cov khoom ntawd tuaj yeem siv dua los ua ACh tshiab. Nws zoo li tshem txoj kev tom qab xa cov lus thiab cia cov lus tom ntej los txog.
Cov yam tseem ceeb uas acetylcholine (ACh) ua rau peb lub cev yog dab tsi?
Acetylcholine (ACh) muaj ntau yam haujlwm. Nws txoj haujlwm sib txawv nyob ntawm tus receptor uas nws khi rau. Cia peb saib nws cov haujlwm tseem ceeb.
| Hom Txais | Lub Luag Haujlwm Tseem Ceeb |
|---|---|
| Thaum txuas nrog cov receptors muscarinic |
|
| Thaum txuas nrog cov nicotinic receptors |
|
Ob hom receptors no muaj feem cuam tshuam rau txhua yam txij li kev khaws peb lub cim xeeb, mus rau kev tsim cov cim xeeb tshiab, khaws cia, thiab rov qab nco txog lawv . Lawv kuj tseem ceeb heev rau peb lub hlwb, rau peb txoj kev mloog, peb txoj kev txaus siab kawm, thiab theem pw tsaug zog tob hu ua REM (Rapid Eye Movement) pw tsaug zog.
Yog tias qhov no raug txo qis, yuav muaj kab mob dab tsi tshwm sim?
Kev txo qis ntawm acetylcholine (ACh) hauv peb lub cev tuaj yeem ua rau muaj ntau yam mob hnyav. Cov mob tseem ceeb yog:
- Kab mob Alzheimer: Qhov no yog ib yam kab mob uas feem ntau cuam tshuam rau kev nco qab. Tau pom tias cov neeg uas muaj kab mob Alzheimer muaj cov acetylcholine qis dua hauv lub hlwb.
- Myasthenia gravis: Qhov no yog ib qho kab mob autoimmune. Qhov no txhais tau tias peb lub cev lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob ua haujlwm tawm tsam peb. Qhov tshwm sim ntawm no yog tias peb cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob mus thiab ua puas rau acetylcholine receptors (ACh) hauv cov leeg. Tom qab ntawd ACh tsis tuaj yeem xa cov lus, yog li cov leeg maj mam qaug zog.
- Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome: Qhov no kuj ua rau cov leeg tsis muaj zog. Tab sis qhov ua rau txawv. Qhov tshwm sim ntawm no yog tias cov hlwb ntawm cov hlab ntsha tsis tso tawm ACh txaus.
Lwm yam uas cuam tshuam rau acetylcholine (ACh)
Tu siab kawg li, qee tus tau siv kev paub txog seb acetylcholine ua haujlwm li cas los ua phem rau tib neeg.
Piv txwv li, cov pa roj ntawm cov hlab ntsha xws li sarin thiab qee cov tshuaj tua kab ua haujlwm los ntawm kev ua kom cov enzyme acetylcholinesterase uas peb tau tham txog ua ntej tsis ua haujlwm. Qhov no tso cai rau ACh kom sib sau ua ke, ua rau cov leeg tsis muaj zog thiab ua rau tuag taus.
Tsis tas li ntawd xwb, thaum noj cov tshuaj lom ntawm tus kab laug sab dub ua rau cov ACh nce siab heev. Qhov no tuaj yeem ua rau cov leeg nqaij nruj heev, co, thiab tuag tes tuag taw, thiab txawm tias tuag tau.
Thaum muaj xwm txheej ceev xws li kev lom, qhov zoo tshaj plaws uas yuav tsum ua yog mus rau lub tsev kho mob ze tshaj plaws tam sim ntawd Chav Kho Mob Thaum Muaj Xwm Ceev (ETU) . Yog tias tsim nyog, cov kws kho mob yuav tiv tauj Lub Chaw Qhia Txog Tshuaj Lom Hauv Tebchaws ntawm Tsev Kho Mob Colombo National kom tau txais lus qhia.
Puas muaj cov tshuaj uas tsom rau qhov no?
Yog. Cov tshuaj uas tsom rau acetylcholine yog siv los kho qee yam mob.
Cov tshuaj tseem ceeb yog 'cholinesterase inhibitors'. Cov tshuaj no ua haujlwm los ntawm kev thaiv cov enzyme uas rhuav tshem ACh. Qhov no tso cai rau ACh nyob hauv qhov chaw nruab nrab ntawm cov hlwb paj hlwb ntev dua, ua rau nws ua haujlwm ntau dua. Cov tshuaj no (piv txwv li donepezil, rivastigmine) yog siv los kho cov mob uas ACh qib qis, xws li tus kab mob Alzheimer thiab myasthenia gravis .
Lwm qhov piv txwv yog Botulinum toxin , lossis raws li peb txhua tus paub nws, 'Botox'. Nws ua haujlwm los ntawm kev thaiv kev tso tawm ntawm ACh los ntawm cov hlab ntsha kawg. Qhov no ua rau cov leeg nqaij so es tsis txhob cog lus. Nws yog siv rau lub hom phiaj zoo nkauj (kom txo cov pob khaus) thiab kho cov mob xws li mob taub hau.
Peb puas noj tau cov tshuaj no? Peb puas tau txais los ntawm zaub mov?
Acetylcholine (ACh) nws tus kheej tsis tuaj yeem noj ua tshuaj ntsiav. Txawm li cas los xij, cov khoom noj khoom haus uas pab ua rau nws, choline, tuaj yeem noj ua tshuaj ntxiv. Qee cov tshuaj ntsuab ntxiv, xws li Ginkgo biloba, kuj ntseeg tias cuam tshuam rau cov theem ACh.
Tiam sis ntawm no yog ib yam uas koj yuav tsum nco ntsoov . Tsis txhob siv cov tshuaj ntxiv yam tsis tau sab laj nrog koj tus kws kho mob lossis kws muag tshuaj ua ntej . Lawv tuaj yeem cuam tshuam nrog lwm cov tshuaj uas koj noj, lossis lawv tuaj yeem ua rau koj raug mob.
Tiam sis peb tuaj yeem tau txais choline los ntawm cov khoom noj. Qee cov khoom noj tseem ceeb uas muaj nws yog:
- siab nyuj
- Qe
- Nqaij nyuj
- Taum pauv, taum pauv
- Qaib
- Ntses cod
- Quinoa
- Cov nceb, broccoli
- Mis nyuj
Cov Lus Qhia Txog Kev Coj Mus Tsev
- Acetylcholine (ACh) yog ib qho tshuaj tseem ceeb uas tswj cov haujlwm tseem ceeb xws li peb lub cim xeeb, kev txav mus los ntawm cov leeg, thiab lub plawv dhia.
- Cov qib qis ntawm qhov no tuaj yeem ua rau muaj cov mob hnyav xws li tus kab mob Alzheimer thiab myasthenia gravis.
- Kev noj zaub mov kom sib npaug, tshwj xeeb yog cov khoom noj uas muaj choline, tuaj yeem pab koj tau txais cov as-ham uas koj lub cev xav tau.
- Tsis txhob noj cov tshuaj ntxiv kom txhim kho kev nco lossis lwm yam laj thawj yam tsis tau kev qhia los ntawm kws kho mob. Ib txwm nrog koj tus kws kho mob tham.
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Tsis muaj lus teb tau muab tso tawm. Ntxiv koj cov lus tawm ntawm no thawj zaug.
Ntxiv koj cov lus