Koj puas paub tias thaum peb mob, thaum peb mob khaub thuas, muaj kev sib ntaus sib tua loj heev hauv peb lub cev? Peb lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob tawm tsam cov kab mob, uas yog, cov neeg nkag los, los ntawm sab nraud hauv txoj kev uas tsis pom. Cov tub rog tshwj xeeb thiab txawj ntse tshaj plaws hauv pab tub rog tiv thaiv no yog 'cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob' uas peb tab tom tham txog niaj hnub no. Yog tsis muaj cov no, txawm tias mob khaub thuas me me tuaj yeem ua rau peb muaj teeb meem ntau.
Hais yooj yim xwb, cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob no yog dab tsi?
Yuav kom nkag siab qhov no, cia peb muab ib qho piv txwv me me. Xav txog tias koj lub cev yog lub tebchaws uas muaj kev tiv thaiv zoo. Cov tub sab thiab cov yeeb ncuab tuaj yeem los ntawm sab nraud lub tebchaws no. Qhov ntawd txhais tau tias cov khoom xws li cov kab mob, cov kab mob, cov pwm, thiab cov tshuaj lom. Peb hu txhua yam uas ua rau peb lub cev puas tsuaj thiab los ntawm sab nraud ua antigen . Hais yooj yim, antigen yog tus neeg nkag mus rau hauv peb lub cev.
Tam sim no, thaum tus kab mob no (Antigen) nkag mus rau hauv lub cev, peb lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob, lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob, paub nws. Nws tam sim ntawd xa ib lub cim hais tias, "Nov yog ib tug neeg tsis paub!" Lub sijhawm ntawd, peb lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob tsim ib hom protein tshwj xeeb hu ua antibody los tawm tsam tus kab mob no thiab rhuav tshem nws. Yog li, antibody zoo li ib tug tub ceev xwm lossis ib tug tub rog hauv peb lub cev.
Lwm lo lus siv rau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob yog Immunoglobulin . Tej zaum koj yuav pom lub npe no luv ua (Ig) ntawm qee cov ntawv qhia txog koj cov ntshav kuaj.
Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob no tsim tawm li cas? Lawv ua haujlwm qhov twg?
Cov qe ntshav B, ib hom qe ntshav dawb hauv peb lub cev, ua haujlwm ua cov chaw tsim cov tshuaj tiv thaiv no. Thaum ib qho antigen, lossis kab mob, kov yeej ib lub qe ntshav B, lub qe ntshav B faib sai sai thiab ua ntau txhiab daim qauv ntawm nws tus kheej. Peb hu cov qe ntshav tshiab no ua cov qe ntshav plasma. Nws yog cov qe ntshav plasma no uas tsim ntau lab tus tshuaj tiv thaiv thiab tso lawv mus rau hauv cov ntshav thiab cov kua dej lymph.
Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv no ces mus ncig thoob plaws lub cev, nrhiav cov neeg nkag tebchaws, ntes lawv, thiab rhuav tshem lawv.
Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv no pom muaj nyob rau ntau qhov chaw hauv peb lub cev:
- Hauv cov ntshav
- Tawv nqaij
- Hauv cov ntsws
- Kua muag ntws
- Hauv cov qaub ncaug
- Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv cov kua mis niam
Yog lawm, cov mis nyuj tuab uas niam tso tawm rau ob peb hnub tom qab tus menyuam yug los, hu ua colostrum, muaj cov tshuaj tua kab mob ntau heev. Yog vim li ntawd kev pub niam mis ua rau tus menyuam muaj kev tiv thaiv kab mob ntau ntxiv. Tus menyuam tau txais cov khoom tiv thaiv los ntawm niam lub cev ncaj qha.
Muaj 5 hom tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob - tsis yog txhua tus ua tib yam!
Ib yam li muaj cov tub rog sib txawv hauv peb cov tub rog kev ruaj ntseg, cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob tau muab faib ua 5 hom tseem ceeb. Txhua hom muaj lub luag haujlwm tshwj xeeb. Cia peb saib seb lawv yog dab tsi.
| Hom tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob | Lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb thiab kev tshwj xeeb |
|---|---|
| Immunoglobulin G (IgG) | Nov yog hom uas muaj ntau tshaj plaws hauv peb cov ntshav. Nws yog cov no uas nco qab cov kab mob yav dhau los thiab npaj txhij los tawm tsam lawv yog tias cov kab mob zoo li no rov qab los. Cov tshuaj IgG no kuj hla lub placenta thiab tiv thaiv tus menyuam hauv plab. |
| Immunoglobulin A (IgA) | Cov no feem ntau pom muaj nyob rau hauv cov ntaub so ntswg ntawm lub qhov ntswg, caj pas, ntsws, thiab txoj hnyuv zom zaub mov. Qhov no txhais tau tias lawv yog cov rooj vag uas cov kab mob nkag mus rau hauv lub cev. Lawv kuj muaj ntau nyob rau hauv cov kua mis niam. |
| Immunoglobulin M (IgM) | Thaum muaj tus kab mob tshiab nkag mus rau hauv lub cev, cov tub rog IgM no yog cov thawj coj mus ua rog. Yog vim li ntawd cov qib IgM thiaj raug kuaj xyuas kom paub tseeb tias puas muaj tus kab mob tshiab tshwm sim. |
| Immunoglobulin E (IgE) | Cov no yog cov neeg ua si tseem ceeb hauv kev ua xua. Cov qib IgE nce ntxiv thaum lub cev teb rau tej yam xws li plua plav, paj ntoos, thiab qee yam khoom noj. Lawv kuj tawm tsam cov kab mob parasitic. |
| Immunoglobulin D (IgD) | Cov no pom muaj me me xwb hauv cov ntshav. Txawm hais tias lawv ntseeg tias pab cov qe ntshav B ua haujlwm, tab sis lawv lub luag haujlwm tseem tab tom raug tshawb fawb. |
Cov tshuaj tua kab mob uas tsim tawm hauv chav kuaj? Cov tshuaj tua kab mob monoclonal no yog dab tsi?
Qee zaum, cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob uas peb lub cev tsim tawm ib leeg xwb yuav tsis muaj peev xwm tawm tsam kab mob. Hauv cov xwm txheej zoo li no, cov kws tshawb fawb tsim ib hom tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob tshwj xeeb hauv chav kuaj mob. Cov no hu ua Monoclonal Antibodies .
Cov no zoo li xa ib lub foob pob mus rau nws lub hom phiaj. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob no yog tsim los rau lub hom phiaj thiab tawm tsam tsuas yog ib lub cell tshwj xeeb (piv txwv li, ib lub cell mob qog noj ntshav) lossis cov protein uas ua rau muaj kab mob tshwj xeeb. Txoj kev kho mob no kuj hu ua kev kho mob tiv thaiv kab mob .
Txoj kev kho mob no tam sim no siv rau ntau yam kab mob.
| Qee qhov mob uas siv kev kho mob monoclonal antibody |
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Cia peb tham txog qee lub sijhawm tshwj xeeb.
Thaum tham txog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob, muaj ob peb qhov xwm txheej tshwj xeeb uas peb feem ntau hnov txog.
COVID-19 thiab cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob
Nrog rau tus kab mob COVID-19 kis thoob plaws, peb txhua tus pib hnov txog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob.
- Yog koj tau zoo los ntawm COVID-19, koj lub cev tau tsim cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob uas tuaj yeem tawm tsam tus kab mob.
- Yog tias koj tau txais tshuaj tiv thaiv COVID-19, nws tseem yuav ua rau koj lub cev tsim cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob.
- Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws: Thaum ib tug neeg uas tau zoo los ntawm COVID-19 tau txais tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob, tus neeg ntawd lub zog tiv thaiv kab mob yuav muaj zog dua. Kev tiv thaiv uas nws muab kuj zoo dua.
Koj tuaj yeem tau txais kev kuaj mob antibody kom pom tias koj puas muaj cov tshuaj tiv thaiv COVID hauv koj lub cev. Txawm li cas los xij, kev tshawb fawb tseem tab tom ua mus txog thaum cov tshuaj tiv thaiv no nyob ntev npaum li cas hauv lub cev.
Cov Tshuaj Tiv Thaiv Thyroglobulin (Cov Tshuaj Tiv Thaiv uas Tawm Tsam Cov Thyroglobulin)
Qee zaum, peb lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob pib tawm tsam cov khoom noj qab haus huv ntawm peb lub cev tsis raug. Muaj ntau tus neeg uas muaj teeb meem thyroid muaj cov tshuaj tua kab mob uas tawm tsam lawv cov qog thyroid. Cov no hu ua Thyroglobulin antibodies .Cov no tuaj yeem ua rau lub qog thyroid ua haujlwm ntau dhau (hyperthyroidism) lossis tsis ua haujlwm ntau (hypothyroidism).
Yog tias koj tus kws kho mob xav tias muaj teeb meem thyroid, lawv yuav hais kom kuaj ntshav kom paub cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob no.
Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob
Qhov no yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm lub tswv yim "kev tawm tsam tus kheej" uas peb tau tham txog ua ntej. Peb cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob yuam kev cov protein ntawm peb cov hlwb noj qab haus huv rau "cov neeg tawm tsam" thiab pib tawm tsam lawv. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob no hu ua autoantibodies .
Peb hu cov kab mob uas tshwm sim los ntawm tus mob no ua cov kab mob autoimmune .
- Lupus
- Mob Pob Qij Txha Rheumatoid
- Kab mob Hashimoto
- Kab mob ntshav qab zib hom 1
Piv txwv ntawm cov kab mob zoo li no suav nrog: Kev kuaj ANA (Antinuclear Antibody) yog qhov kev kuaj tseem ceeb uas ua thaum muaj kev xav tias muaj kab mob zoo li no.
Tsuas yog vim qhov kev kuaj ANA yog qhov zoo tsis tau txhais hais tias koj muaj tus kab mob autoimmune. Nws tsuas yog txhais tau tias koj tus kws kho mob yuav tsum tshawb xyuas ntxiv. Yog li ntawd, tsis txhob ntshai los ntawm daim ntawv qhia zoo li ntawd. Tham nrog koj tus kws kho mob txog qhov ntawd.
Cov Lus Qhia Txog Kev Coj Mus Tsev
- Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob yog cov protein uas peb lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob tsim tawm uas tiv thaiv peb ntawm cov kab mob, kev kis kab mob, thiab cov tshuaj lom.
- Ib yam dab tsi uas ua rau peb lub cev puas tsuaj los ntawm sab nraud hu ua antigen, thiab ib yam dab tsi uas sim tawm tsam nws hu ua antibody.
- Cov mis niam, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog colostrum, muab kev tiv thaiv tseem ceeb rau cov menyuam mos vim nws muaj ntau yam tshuaj tua kab mob.
- Qee zaum peb cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob tuaj yeem tawm tsam cov khoom noj qab haus huv ntawm peb lub cev. Qhov mob no hu ua cov kab mob autoimmune.
- Yog tias koj muaj lus nug lossis kev txhawj xeeb txog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob, kev tiv thaiv kab mob, lossis ib qho ntawm cov mob uas tau hais hauv tsab xov xwm no, thov tham nrog koj tus kws kho mob.
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Tsis muaj lus teb tau muab tso tawm. Ntxiv koj cov lus tawm ntawm no thawj zaug.
Ntxiv koj cov lus