Yog tias koj tus menyuam muaj Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), lossis raws li peb hu nws, autism, tsev kawm ntawv tuaj yeem yog qhov chaw nyuaj me ntsis. "Kuv tus menyuam yuav coj li cas hauv tsev kawm ntawv?", "Tus xib fwb puas yuav tsis nkag siab kuv tus menyuam?", "Nws puas yuav sib haum xeeb nrog lwm tus menyuam?" Tej zaum koj muaj ntau cov lus nug hauv koj lub siab. Qhov no yog qhov nyuaj me ntsis tsis yog rau tus menyuam xwb, tab sis rau koj ua niam txiv thiab cov xib fwb. Ib txhia niam txiv hais tias, 'Peb lub tsev kawm ntawv tsis nkag siab qhov no kiag li.' Lwm tus hais tias, 'Kuv tus menyuam cov teeb meem coj cwj pwm tau nce ntxiv vim nws tsis tuaj yeem sib txuas lus zoo nrog lwm tus hauv tsev kawm ntawv.' Yog li hnub no, cia peb tham txog seb peb tuaj yeem pab tus menyuam zoo li no kawm tau zoo thiab mus kawm ntawv zoo siab li cas.
Tsis yog txhua tus menyuam yaus autistic zoo ib yam: qhov kev daws teeb meem tsis tuaj yeem zoo ib yam.
Ua ntej, qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws uas peb txhua tus yuav tsum nkag siab yog tias txhua tus menyuam uas muaj autism txawv. Qhov ntawd txhais tau tias txhua tus menyuam muaj cov tsos mob, hom kev kawm, thiab peev xwm sib txawv.
Hais yooj yim xwb, autism tsis yog ib yam kab mob zoo li mob ntshav qab zib. Ib tug kws kho mob hlwb hais tias, "Peb paub ob peb yam tseeb txog txhua tus menyuam uas muaj mob ntshav qab zib. Tiam sis autism tsis zoo li ntawd. Nws yog ib qho kab mob dav heev. Yog li ntawd, txoj kev kawm uas pab cov menyuam no yuav tsum dav li dav tau."
Qhov no txhais tau tias koj tus menyuam xav tau kev saib xyuas thiab kev txhawb nqa uas tshwj xeeb rau lawv, uas tau tsim los rau lawv. Yam uas ua haujlwm rau tus menyuam autism nyob ib sab ntawm tsev tej zaum yuav tsis ua haujlwm rau koj tus menyuam.
Cia peb kawm los ntawm cov kev paub ntawm cov niam txiv: qee cov lus qhia ua tau zoo
Ib leej niam ntawm ib tug menyuam uas muaj autism tau qhia nws qhov kev paub dhau los. Nws hais tias nws tus menyuam kawm tau zoo hauv tsev kawm ntawv niaj hnub no vim lawv, ua ib tsev neeg, tau pib npaj rau lawv tus menyuam thaum ntxov. Nov yog qee cov lus qhia tseem ceeb uas peb tuaj yeem kawm tau los ntawm qhov kev paub no.
| Cov lus qhia | Hauv cov lus yooj yim ... |
|---|---|
| Paub meej txog koj tus menyuam lub zog thiab qhov tsis muaj zog | Tau txais kev soj ntsuam zoo txog koj tus menyuam tus mob. Piv txwv li, koj tuaj yeem nug koj tus kws kho mob txog kev xeem tus qauv zoo li Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule (ADOS) . Cov txiaj ntsig no yuav pab tau zoo heev rau kev tsim txoj kev npaj kawm rau koj tus menyuam hauv tsev kawm ntawv. |
| Txhua yam ua yooj yim dua nrog kev xyaum. | Tej zaum yuav muaj ib txhia menyuam yaus uas yuav tsum tau qhia kom siv cov lus 'nws' lossis 'nws' kom raug li ntawm 50 zaug. Yog li ntawd, nws nyuaj rau xav kom lawv mus kawm ntawv tam sim ntawd thiab ua txhua yam kom raug. Pib los ntawm kev mus kawm ntawv li ib lub lim tiam ua ntej xyoo kawm ntawv pib thiab xyaum. Qhia lawv tej yam xws li chav kawm tshiab, chav dej, thiab lub qhov dej haus. |
| Muab cov lus qhia yooj yim thiab meej rau cov xib fwb | Xav txog ib tug me nyuam uas yog tus thib peb hauv kab ntawm kev cob qhia kis las. Tej zaum nws yuav tsis nco qab cov lus qhia uas tus kws qhia muab rau nws. Tab sis yog tias tus kws qhia hu tus me nyuam lub npe thiab siv sijhawm ib feeb los rov hais cov lus qhia, nws yuav nkag siab. Qhov no yog ib txoj hauv kev zoo rau txhua tus me nyuam. |
| Koom nrog ua haujlwm hauv tsev kawm ntawv. | Ua haujlwm pab dawb rau cov rooj sib tham ntawm niam txiv thiab xib fwb thiab cov xwm txheej hauv tsev kawm ntawv. Ua li no, koj yuav paub txog tej yam tshiab hauv tsev kawm ntawv tas li. Cov xib fwb ntawm koj tus menyuam kuj yuav paub koj zoo dua. |
| Qhia tej yam koj paub rau cov xib fwb. | Muab cov ntawv xov xwm thiab phau ntawv me me rau cov xib fwb txog cov menyuam yaus uas muaj autism. Thov kom lawv qhia cov ntaub ntawv no rau lwm cov xib fwb thiab cov kws kho mob uas qhia tus menyuam. |
Cia peb ua haujlwm nrog lub tsev kawm ntawv los tsim ib txoj kev npaj kawm uas haum rau koj tus menyuam.
Nyob rau txawv teb chaws, muaj ib txoj kev cai lij choj hu ua 'Individualized Education Plan (IEP)' siv los qhia kev kawm ntawm ib tug menyuam uas muaj autism. Txawm hais tias lub kaw lus no tsis tau siv tib yam hauv peb lub teb chaws los, peb siv tau lub tswv yim ntawd 100%.
Hais yooj yim xwb, qhov no yuav tsum muaj cov niam txiv, cov xib fwb, thiab cov kws kho mob los sib tham txog yam uas tus menyuam xav tau kom kawm tau zoo thiab tom qab ntawd tsim ib txoj kev npaj. Qhov no hu ua kev kho mob hais lus., kev kho mob ua haujlwm, thiab lwm yam yuav suav nrog.
Yog li, ntawm no yog qee cov lus qhia los ua kom hom kev sib tham nrog lub tsev kawm ntawv no ua tiav:
- Ua ib tug neeg pab, tsis txhob ua ib tug neeg uas ua rau koj ntxhov siab: Tsis txhob hais kom peb hais tias, "Peb xav tau qhov no, peb xav tau qhov ntawd," npaj siab los tham txog cov hom phiaj uas koj tus menyuam ua tau. Piv txwv li, koj tuaj yeem tham txog lub hom phiaj xws li "pib tham nrog lwm tus menyuam ob peb zaug hauv ib lub lim tiam."
- Xws li ib tug neeg sab nraud uas paub tus menyuam zoo: Tej zaum suav nrog ib tug neeg hauv kev sib tham no, xws li tus kws kho mob uas kho tus menyuam, lossis tus xib fwb uas nyob hauv chav kawm dhau los thiab nkag siab tus menyuam zoo, tuaj yeem ua rau muaj ntau lub tswv yim zoo.
- Ua tsaug rau cov neeg uas pab koj: Ua tsaug rau txhua tus neeg uas tuaj koom kev sib tham no. Cov xib fwb yuav tsum ua haujlwm hnyav dua thaum ua haujlwm nrog ib tug menyuam uas muaj autism, yog li koj qhov kev qhuas yuav yog kev txhawb zog zoo rau lawv.
Thaum koj xav tias koj yuav tsum hloov tsev kawm ntawv
Qee zaum, txawm peb yuav sim ua li cas los xij, qhov chaw kawm ntawv yuav tsis haum rau tus menyuam. Hauv cov xwm txheej zoo li no, cov kws tshaj lij hais tias koj yuav tsum tsis txhob xav ob zaug txog kev hloov tsev kawm ntawv.
Ib qho "kev xeem litmus" rau kev txiav txim siab tias nws yog lub sijhawm hloov tsev kawm ntawv yog tias tus menyuam raug nplua tas li rau qee yam uas lawv tsis tuaj yeem tswj hwm .
Piv txwv li, coj tus cwj pwm hu ua "stimming." Qhov no yog thaum ib tug me nyuam uas muaj autism ua tib yam kev txav mus los (piv txwv li, ntaus tes, co rov qab thiab tawm). Qhov no yuav yog raws li lub paj hlwb. Tus cwj pwm no tuaj yeem tshwm sim thaum ib tug me nyuam ntxhov siab, dhuav, lossis tsis nkag siab txog dab tsi tshwm sim hauv chav kawm.
Cov menyuam yaus uas muaj autism feem ntau kuj muaj teeb meem kev xav. Ib txhia menyuam yaus yuav rhiab heev rau kev kov thiab kev txav mus los. Lwm tus yuav xav tau tej yam xws li kev khawm nruj, lossis yuav pom tias nws ua rau so kom txaus los tom tej yam xws li cwj mem. Thaum lawv tsis tuaj yeem hais tias, "Xib fwb, kuv tsis nkag siab qhov no," ib tug menyuam yaus yuav tom cwj mem xwb.
Feem ntau, cov xib fwb ib txwm tsis tau kawm txog qhov ua rau muaj tus cwj pwm zoo li no. Yog li ntawd, cov menyuam no yuav raug nplua raws li "tus cwj pwm phem." Yog tias qhov xwm txheej zoo li no tseem muaj ntxiv, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum xav txog ib qho chaw zoo dua rau tus menyuam.
Cov tsev kawm ntawv mob siab rau cov menyuam yaus uas muaj kev xav tau tshwj xeeb
Muaj ib txhia niam txiv xav tias cov tsev kawm ntawv ib txwm tsis muaj cov peev txheej lossis kev cob qhia xib fwb los daws cov teeb meem ntawm tus menyuam autism. Yog li ntawd, muaj ib txhia niam txiv tau los sib sau ua ke thiab pib cov tsev kawm ntawv tshwj xeeb rau cov menyuam no.
Lub hom phiaj ntawm cov tsev kawm ntawv no tsis yog qhia cov menyuam yaus xwb. "Peb qhia cov menyuam kom xav, daws teeb meem. Thiab peb kuj qhia lawv kom siv cov tswv yim no kom raug," ib tug thawj coj ntawm ib lub tsev kawm ntawv zoo li no hais. Lawv lub hom phiaj yog tsom mus rau cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev loj hlob ntawm lub hlwb thiab kev sib raug zoo ntawm tus menyuam hauv ib puag ncig uas muaj kev hlub thiab kev txhawb nqa.
Cov Lus Qhia Txog Kev Coj Mus Tsev
- Txhua tus menyuam txawv: Txhua tus menyuam uas muaj autism (ASD) yog tus tshwj xeeb. Yam uas ua haujlwm rau ib tus yuav tsis ua haujlwm rau lwm tus. Nkag siab koj tus menyuam zoo.
- Ua haujlwm koom tes nrog tsev kawm ntawv: Tham nrog cov xib fwb yam qhib siab. Qhia rau lawv paub txog koj tus menyuam qhov xwm txheej, kev xav tau, thiab lub zog. Ua haujlwm ua pab pawg.
- Npaj koj tus menyuam: Maj mam xyaum koj tus menyuam kom paub txog qhov chaw kawm ntawv thiab kev coj ua niaj hnub. Kev xyaum yuav txo tau qhov kev ntshai thiab kev ntxhov siab ntawm koj tus menyuam.
- Ua siab ntev tawm tswv yim rau koj tus menyuam: Thaum hais lus txhawb nqa koj tus menyuam cov kev xav tau, hais lus txhawb nqa thiab qhia qhov tseeb, es tsis txhob sib cav.
- Nrhiav kev pab tswv yim los ntawm kws kho mob: Thaum twg koj muaj teeb meem nrog koj tus menyuam tus mob, tus cwj pwm, lossis kev kawm, nrog koj tus kws kho mob menyuam yaus lossis kws kho mob hlwb tham. Lawv yuav muab cov lus qhia zoo rau koj.
- Yog tias nws ua rau koj tus menyuam raug mob, hloov pauv: Yog tias qhov chaw kawm ntawv tam sim no tseem ua rau koj tus menyuam lub siab puas tsuaj, tsis txhob ntshai nrhiav ib puag ncig zoo dua.
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Tsis muaj lus teb tau muab tso tawm. Ntxiv koj cov lus tawm ntawm no thawj zaug.
Ntxiv koj cov lus