Koj cov qe ntshav puas qis? Cia peb tham txog cytopenia!

Koj puas muaj tej lub sij hawm koj tsuas xav tias koj nkees thiab qaug zog xwb? Los yog koj puas mob tas li? Tej zaum qhov no yog vim koj muaj cov qe ntshav tsawg hauv koj cov ntshav. Hauv kev kho mob, peb hu qhov mob no ua cytopenia. Tsis txhob txhawj, cia peb tham txog nws yooj yim xwb.

Cov qe ntshav muaj hom twg nyob hauv peb cov ntshav? Yuav ua li cas yog tias lawv txo qis?

Zoo, ua ntej, cia peb saib cov hom hlwb tseem ceeb hauv peb cov ntshav thiab lawv ua haujlwm li cas. Ib yam li cov feem sib txawv ntawm lub tsheb sib koom ua ke los ua kom nws khiav tau, tag nrho peb hom hlwb no tseem ceeb heev rau kev ua kom peb lub cev noj qab haus huv.

• Cov qe ntshav liab (Erythrocytes): Cov no yog cov qe ntshav uas nqa oxygen thoob plaws peb lub cev. Xav txog seb, txhua qhov me me ntawm peb lub cev xav tau lub zog kom ua haujlwm tau. Cov pa oxygen uas cov qe ntshav liab no nqa pab muab lub zog ntawd.
• Cov qe ntshav dawb (Leukocytes): Cov no zoo li cov neeg tiv thaiv kev nyab xeeb ntawm lub cev. Thaum cov kab mob, xws li cov kab mob bacteria, cov kab mob virus, cov kab mob parasites, thiab cov fungi, nkag mus rau hauv lub cev, cov qe ntshav dawb no tawm tsam lawv thiab tiv thaiv peb ntawm cov kab mob. Lawv yog cov khoom tseem ceeb ntawm peb lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob.
• Cov Platelets (Thrombocytes): Koj puas tau xav tias yog ib qho txiav me me xwb ces yuav ua li cas thiaj li tiv thaiv tau kev los ntshav? Cov platelets no pab tau rau qhov ntawd. Thaum muaj kev los ntshav, cov platelets no yuav sib sau ua ke los ua ib qho ntshav txhaws, ua rau kev los ntshav tsis txhob los ntshav. Yog tsis ua li ntawd, peb yuav poob ntshav ntau heev txawm tias yog ib qho txiav me me xwb los xij.

Yog li, puas muaj ntau hom cytopenia sib txawv?

Yog, tau kawg. Cytopenia tsis yog ib yam kab mob xwb. Nws raug faib ua pawg raws li hom cell uas tsis muaj nyob hauv koj cov ntshav.

• Kab mob ntshav tsis txaus: Tej zaum koj twb tau hnov ​​txog qhov no lawm. Nws yog ib qho mob uas muaj cov qe ntshav liab tsawg dua. Tom qab ntawd yuav ua li cas? Cov pa oxygen uas mus txog lub cev txo qis.
• Kab mob ntshav dawb (Leukopenia): Qhov no yog qhov txo qis ntawm cov qe ntshav dawb. Nco ntsoov tias, cov qe ntshav dawb yog cov uas tawm tsam kab mob. Yog li thaum lawv txo qis, peb muaj feem yuav mob ntau dua. Lwm yam mob uas cuam tshuam nrog qhov no hu ua neutropenia . Qhov no yog qhov txo qis ntawm ib hom qe ntshav dawb tshwj xeeb hu ua neutrophils. Neutrophils yog cov qe ntshav dawb uas muaj ntau tshaj plaws.
• Thrombocytopenia: Qhov no yog qhov txo qis ntawm cov platelets, uas pab cov ntshav txhaws. Thaum cov no tsawg, cov ntshav tsis txhaws zoo. Txawm tias yog qhov mob me me tuaj yeem ua rau muaj cov ntshav loj, lossis nws tuaj yeem nyuaj rau kom tsis txhob los ntshav.
• Pancytopenia: Qhov no yog ib qho mob hnyav dua. Qhov no yog thaum tag nrho peb cov qe ntshav liab, qe ntshav dawb, thiab cov ntshav platelets txo qis ib zaug.

Muaj lwm qhov kev faib tawm, raws li qhov ua rau muaj cytopenia no:

• Kab mob autoimmune cytopenia:Qee zaum peb lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob tsis ua haujlwm zoo thiab pib tawm tsam peb cov qe ntshav noj qab haus huv. Zoo li pov pob zeb rau peb lub tsev. Thaum qhov ntawd tshwm sim, ib lossis ntau cov qe ntshav yuav ploj mus.
• Refractory Cytopenia: Qhov no yog ib feem ntawm peb cov pob txha uas ua cov qe ntshav. Nws nyob hauv qee cov pob txha loj dua, zoo li lub paj rwb. Yog li, qhov no yog lub npe muab rau qhov mob uas tshwm sim thaum cov pob txha no tsis ua cov qe ntshav li qub, uas yog, thaum cov qe ntshav tsim tsawg dua.

Thaum cov qe ntshav no txo ​​qis, peb yuav muaj cov tsos mob li cas?

Lo lus nug zoo. Vim tias tsis yog txhua tus neeg muaj cov tsos mob. Tej zaum ib txhia neeg yuav tsis paub dab tsi, thiab nws tsuas yog pom los ntawm kev kuaj ntshav xwb. Tab sis yog tias lawv paub, cov tsos mob tuaj yeem sib txawv nyob ntawm hom hlwb uas raug txo qis, lawv raug txo qis ntau npaum li cas, thiab qhov ua rau muaj qhov no.

Cia peb saib seb cov yam ntxwv twg yuav siv tau rau txhua hom:

Cov tsos mob ntawm cov qe ntshav liab qis (anemia):

• Xav tias nkees thiab tsis muaj sia nyob txhua lub sijhawm.
• Ua pa nyuaj (dyspnea) tshwm sim thaum ua ib yam dab tsi hnyav, xws li nce ntaiv.
• Lub plawv dhia tsis xwm yeem lossis ceev ceev.
• Daim tawv nqaij yuav daj ntseg thiab txias .
• Qee zaum yuav muaj mob hauv siab .

Cov tsos mob ntawm cov qe ntshav dawb qis (leukopenia/neutropenia):

• Tsuas yog xav tias nkees xwb.
• Kub taub hau thiab mob khaub thuas .
• Mob caj pas (Pharingitis)
• Mob qhov ncauj .
• Hnoos hnyav heev.
• Mob raws plab .
• Cov qog ntshav o.

Cov tsos mob ntawm cov ntshav platelet qis (thrombocytopenia):

• Qhov tseeb tias txawm tias yog ib lub pob me me los kuj tuaj yeem ua rau muaj cov ntshav (mob qhov txhab) rau ntawm lub cev tau yooj yim.
• Los ntshav tsis tu thaum koj raug mob, lossis los ntshav uas kav ntev .
• Qee zaum yuav muaj cov pob me me liab los yog ntshav liab (petechiae) tshwm sim rau ntawm daim tawv nqaij. Qhov tseeb, cov no yog cov ntshav me me hauv qab daim tawv nqaij.

Vim li cas kuv cov qe ntshav thiaj li txo qis li no? Dab tsi yog qhov ua rau muaj qhov no?

Muaj ntau yam ua rau muaj tus mob no hu ua cytopenia. Hais yooj yim xwb, muaj ob qho laj thawj tseem ceeb. Ib qho yog tias muaj teeb meem nrog kev tsim cov qe ntshav los ntawm cov pob txha uas kuv tau hais ua ntej. Los yog, tom qab cov qe ntshav raug tsim tawm hauv cov pob txha thiab ntxiv rau hauv cov ntshav, cov qe ntshav ntawd raug rhuav tshem rau qee qhov laj thawj.

Qee yam ntawm cov laj thawj no tej zaum yuav yog los ntawm noob caj noob ces , uas yog, tej yam uas los ntawm cov noob caj noob ces. Qee yam tej zaum yuav tau txais, uas yuav tshwm sim tom qab .

Tej yam ua rau muaj ntshav tsis txaus:

Feem ntau cov neeg uas muaj mob ntshav tsis txaus (anemia) yuav muaj teeb meem kev noj haus tsis txaus.Vim tias. Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog qhov tsis muaj hlau (Iron-deficiency Anemia) . Cov as-ham xws li hlau, vitamin B12 (Vitamin B12), thiab folate (Folate) yog qhov tseem ceeb rau peb cov pob txha kom ua cov qe ntshav liab noj qab haus huv. Yog tias cov no tsis txaus, cov qe ntshav liab yuav txo qis. Tsis tas li ntawd, qhov tsis muaj ntshav kuj tseem tuaj yeem tshwm sim vim los ntshav (vim raug mob, phais, thiab lwm yam) thiab cov kab mob uas rhuav tshem cov qe ntshav liab.

• Cov Kab Mob Autoimmune
• Cov Kab Mob Ntshav thiab Cov Kab Mob Pob Txha
• Mob qog noj ntshav
• Cov mob caj ces
• G6PD tsis txaus
• Qee cov tshuaj
• Kev tsis txaus noj haus
• Cev xeeb tub
• Pyruvate kinase tsis txaus
• Kab mob ntshav liab
• Thalassemia

Tej yam ua rau muaj Leukopenia/Neutropenia:

Kev kho mob qog noj ntshav, tshwj xeeb yog kev siv tshuaj kho mob qog noj ntshav thiab kev siv tshuaj tua kab mob, yog ib qho ua rau cov qe ntshav dawb tsawg. Cov kev kho mob no tua cov qe ntshav qog noj ntshav, tab sis ua ib qho kev phiv, qee cov qe ntshav noj qab haus huv (xws li cov qe ntshav) kuj tuaj yeem raug rhuav tshem.

• Cov Kab Mob Autoimmune
• Kev Mob Ntshav thiab Pob Txha
• Mob qog noj ntshav
• Kev kho mob qog noj ntshav
• Cov mob caj ces
• Kev kis kab mob
• Qee cov tshuaj
• Kev tsis txaus noj haus

Tej yam ua rau muaj thrombocytopenia:

• Kev siv cawv tsis raug cai
• Cov kab mob autoimmune, piv txwv li , Immune Thrombocytopenia
• Cov kab mob ntshav thiab pob txha, xws li Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura (TPP)
• Mob qog noj ntshav
• Kev kho mob qog noj ntshav
• Cov mob caj ces
• Kev kis kab mob
• Qee cov tshuaj, piv txwv li heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT)
• Kev tsis txaus noj haus
• Cev xeeb tub
• Kev raug tshuaj lom neeg

Kuj tseem muaj cov hom cytopenia uas tsis tuaj yeem nrhiav tau qhov ua rau tseeb:

Qee zaum, cov kws kho mob tsis tuaj yeem qhia meej tias yog vim li cas cov qe ntshav qis no. Hauv cov xwm txheej zoo li no, cov mob no muaj ob pawg:

• Clonal Cytopenia of Undetermined Significance (CCUS) yog tshwm sim los ntawm:Qhov no yog thaum ntau lub qe ntshav muaj tib qho kev hloov pauv caj ces uas tau txais los ntawm noob caj ces hauv lawv cov DNA. Ib tus neeg uas muaj CCUS muaj feem yuav mob ntshav thiab kab mob plawv ntau dua.
• Idiopathic Cytopenia of Undetermined Significance (ICUS): Hauv qhov no, tsis muaj kev hloov pauv caj ces zoo li no pom muaj nyob rau hauv DNA ntawm cov qe ntshav.

Cov kws kho mob kuaj mob li cas ntawm tus mob cytopenia no? Yuav ua li cas thiaj kuaj tau?

Feem ntau qhov no yuav pom yog tias koj muaj cov tsos mob, lossis thaum koj kuaj ntshav rau qee qhov laj thawj. Qhov kev kuaj tseem ceeb hu ua kev suav ntshav tag nrho (CBC) . Qhov no yog kev kuaj ntshav uas siv ntau heev. Nws muab rau koj tus kws kho mob ib daim duab meej txog pes tsawg lub qe ntshav liab, qe ntshav dawb, thiab cov ntshav platelets uas koj muaj, thiab seb puas muaj kev hloov pauv ntawm cov qe ntshav ntawd. Nws kuj tseem tuaj yeem muab cov lus qhia txog qee yam kab mob.

Yog tias CBC qhia tias cov qe ntshav tsawg, tus kws kho mob mam li sim nrhiav seb vim li cas cov qe ntshav tsawg ua luaj. Nws yuav ua lwm yam kev kuaj ntxiv kom paub qhov ntawd.

Yuav muaj kev kuaj ntxiv dab tsi los nrhiav qhov ua rau?

• Kev Kuaj Ntshav Ntawm Sab Nraud: Qhov no suav nrog kev coj ib qho qauv me me ntawm koj cov ntshav, muab tso rau ntawm daim iav, thiab saib nws hauv qab lub tshuab microscope. Cov duab thiab qhov tsos ntawm cov cell tuaj yeem muab cov lus qhia txog dab tsi ua rau muaj teeb meem.
• Kev Nqus Pob Txha thiab Kev Kuaj Mob: Qhov no yog ib qho kev kuaj mob uas nyuaj me ntsis. Hauv qhov kev kuaj mob no, tus kws kho mob yuav ib qho qauv me me ntawm pob txha thiab kuaj xyuas seb puas muaj cov hlwb txawv txav. Qhov kev kuaj mob no tseem ceeb rau kev kuaj mob cov kab mob loj xws li mob qog noj ntshav lossis lwm yam mob uas cuam tshuam rau cov ntshav thiab pob txha.

Ntxiv rau qhov no, ntau yam kev kuaj hauv chaw kuaj mob tuaj yeem ua tau los nrhiav qhov ua rau tseeb.

Zoo, tam sim no cov kev kho mob rau tus mob cytopenia no yog dab tsi?

Kev kho mob nyob ntawm seb koj tus mob hnyav npaum li cas, seb koj puas muaj tsos mob, thiab qhov ua rau mob yog dab tsi. Qee zaum mob me me, uas txhais tau tias tsis muaj qhov ua rau mob thiab tsis muaj tsos mob, tej zaum yuav tsis tas yuav kho mob .

Txawm li cas los xij, yog tias xav tau kev kho mob, feem ntau nws yog ua los kho qhov mob uas ua rau cov qe ntshav qis. Piv txwv li, yog tias nws yog vim tsis muaj zaub mov txaus, koj tus kws kho mob yuav qhia koj kom hloov koj cov zaub mov noj lossis noj cov tshuaj ntxiv. Yog tias cov qe ntshav qis yog vim muaj kev kis kab mob, koj yuav raug muab tshuaj tua kab mob .

Muaj tej yam mob hnyav heev, tej zaum yuav tsum tau kho cov tshuaj uas ua rau cov qe ntshav ntau ntxiv. Cov no suav nrog:

• Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor (G-CSF):Cov no yog cov tshuaj. Lawv ua haujlwm los ntawm kev ua kom koj cov neutrophils nce ntxiv, ib hom qe ntshav dawb. G-CSF feem ntau yog muab rau cov neeg uas tab tom kho mob chemotherapy kom tiv thaiv cov neutropenia.
• Kev Hloov Ntshav: Yog tias koj lub cev tsis tuaj yeem tsim nws cov qe ntshav, koj yuav tsum tau txais kev hloov ntshav los ntawm lwm tus.
• Kev Hloov Pob Txha Los Yog Kev Hloov Cov Qog Ntshav: Qhov no suav nrog kev tshem tawm cov qe ntshav tsis zoo, tsis tau loj hlob ntawm koj cov pob txha thiab hloov lawv nrog cov qe ntshav noj qab haus huv. Cov qe ntshav no tom qab ntawd yuav dhau los ua cov qe ntshav laus thiab rov qab mus rau koj cov ntshav.
• Kev phais mob qog ntshav: Qhov no yog ib txoj kev phais mob kom tshem koj lub qog ntshav tawm . Qee zaum lub qog ntshav tuaj yeem ntes cov qe ntshav thiab tshem lawv tawm ntawm cov ntshav. Qhov kev phais mob no yuav tsum tau ua rau cov xwm txheej zoo li no.

Puas muaj dab tsi uas peb ua tau los tiv thaiv qhov cytopenia no kom tsis txhob loj hlob?

Qhov tseeb, qee yam ua rau muaj teeb meem, piv txwv li, cov kab mob autoimmune, cov kab mob ntshav thiab cov pob txha, thiab mob qog noj ntshav, nyuaj rau peb tiv thaiv. Lawv yog tej yam uas tshwm sim dhau peb txoj kev tswj hwm.

Txawm li cas los xij, peb tuaj yeem txo qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev muaj qee hom cytopenias los ntawm kev ua kom peb lub cev tau txais cov as-ham uas lawv xav tau los ua cov qe ntshav liab noj qab haus huv. Piv txwv li, kev noj zaub mov kom txaus hlau tuaj yeem pab tiv thaiv kev tsis txaus hlau .

Nws tseem ceeb heev rau kev txwv tsis pub haus cawv , vim tias cawv tuaj yeem cuam tshuam rau lub cev lub peev xwm los nqus cov as-ham. Qhov no kuj tuaj yeem ua rau cov qe ntshav tsawg zuj zus. Thaum tsis haus cawv lawm, cov ntshav tsis zoo no feem ntau yuav rov qab zoo li qub.

Yog li, qhov kev kwv yees rau kev rov zoo los ntawm tus mob no yog dab tsi? (Kev kwv yees)

Koj qhov kev kwv yees, lossis koj txoj kev xav, nyob ntawm seb ua rau koj cov qe ntshav qis npaum li cas. Piv txwv li, yog tias ntshav tsis txaus yog los ntawm kev tsis txaus zaub mov, nws tuaj yeem kho tau tag nrho yog tias kho kom zoo thiab noj zaub mov kom zoo. Yog tias koj cov qe ntshav dawb qis vim yog kab mob lossis kab mob, kev kho tus kab mob tuaj yeem pab koj cov qe ntshav dawb rov qab mus rau qhov qub.

Txawm li cas los xij, yog tias cytopenia yog tshwm sim los ntawm ib qho mob caj ces, cov ntshav lossis cov pob txha mob, lossis mob qog noj ntshav, nws yuav xav tau kev kho mob nyuaj dua . Koj tus kws kho mob yuav tsum tau saib xyuas koj cov qe ntshav thiab ua kev kuaj mob tsis tu ncua kom paub tseeb tias koj noj qab nyob zoo.

Yog li ntawd, nws yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws los nug koj tus kws kho mob seb qhov kev cia siab rov zoo li cas rau koj tus mob.

Cov lus nug tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum nug koj tus kws kho mob yog dab tsi?

Thaum koj pom tias koj muaj tus mob no, nws yog ib qho ib txwm muaj ntau cov lus nug. Tsis txhob ntshai. Nug koj tus kws kho mob txog cov no kom meej meej:

• Kuv muaj hom cytopenia li cas?
• "Ua cas kuv cov qe ntshav qis ua rau kuv?"
• Kuv muaj cov kev kho mob twg?
• Cov kev kho mob no muaj cov kev phiv dab tsi?
• Yuav siv sijhawm ntev npaum li cas rau kuv cov qe ntshav kom rov qab zoo li qub?
• Kuv yuav tau txais kev kho mob ntev npaum li cas? Kuv yuav tsum tuaj kuaj mob ntau npaum li cas?
• "Kuv tus mob puas kho tau tag nrho?"

Puas yog cytopenia tiag tiag anemia?

Qhov no kuj yog ib qho chaw uas ntau tus neeg tsis meej pem. Kab mob ntshav tsis txaus (anemia) tsuas yog ib hom mob uas hu ua cytopenia xwb . Kab mob ntshav tsis txaus yog qhov txo qis ntawm cov qe ntshav liab (erythrocytes). Nws kuj tseem tuaj yeem tshwm sim los ntawm kev txo qis ntawm cov protein hemoglobin hauv cov qe ntshav liab. Cov hemoglobin no yog qhov pab nqa cov pa oxygen.

Cytopenia yog ib lo lus dav dav rau kev txo qis hauv ib lossis ntau lub qe ntshav . Nws suav nrog anemia (kev txo qis hauv cov qe ntshav liab), leukopenia (kev txo qis hauv cov qe ntshav dawb), neutropenia (kev txo qis hauv neutrophils), thrombocytopenia (kev txo qis hauv cov platelets), thiab pancytopenia (kev txo qis hauv tag nrho cov qe ntshav no).

Yog li ntawd, yog tias koj pom tias koj cov qe ntshav qis ib lossis ntau dua, nrog koj tus kws kho mob tham ua ntej koj ntshai. Nyob ntawm seb ua li cas, koj yuav xav tau lossis tsis xav tau kev kho mob. Koj tus kws kho mob yog tus neeg zoo tshaj plaws los qhia koj txog qhov no.

Thaum kawg, qee yam tseem ceeb uas koj yuav tsum nco ntsoov

Zoo, peb tau tham ntau txog cytopenia tam sim no. Nov yog qee yam tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum nco ntsoov:

• Cytopenia yog qhov txo qis ntawm ib lossis ntau dua ntawm cov qe ntshav liab, cov qe ntshav dawb, lossis cov platelets hauv koj cov ntshav.
• Muaj ntau yam ua rau qhov no; los ntawm kev tsis noj zaub mov zoo, mus rau kev kis kab mob, cov mob caj ces, mob qog noj ntshav, thiab txawm tias qee yam tshuaj.
• Cov tsos mob tsis tuaj rau txhua tus tib yam . Tej zaum ib txhia neeg yuav tsis muaj tsos mob li. Qaug zog, mob ntau zaus, thiab yooj yim raug mob yog qhov tshwm sim ntau.
• Kev kuaj ntshav yooj yim (CBC) tuaj yeem kuaj pom qhov no. Tom qab ntawd, kev kuaj ntxiv tuaj yeem ua kom pom qhov ua rau.
• Kev kho mob nyob ntawm seb qhov ua rau mob thiab qhov hnyav ntawm tus mob. Qee zaum tsis tas yuav kho mob, qee zaum kho qhov ua rau mob, thiab thaum mob hnyav, muaj kev kho mob tshwj xeeb uas ua rau cov qe ntshav ntau ntxiv.
• Qee hom cytopenia tuaj yeem tiv thaiv tau , tshwj xeeb tshaj yog los ntawm kev noj zaub mov kom zoo thiab txwv kev haus cawv.
• Yog koj muaj lus nug lossis tsis paub meej txog qhov no, nrog koj tus kws kho mob tham . Tsis txhob ntshai lossis txiav txim siab ntawm koj tus kheej.

Nco ntsoov, qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yog kom paub txog cov mob no kom peb thiaj li nrhiav tau kev kho mob sai thiab ua neej noj qab nyob zoo.

cytopenia , cov qe ntshav dawb, anemia, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, pob txha pob txha, kev kuaj ntshav