Ntshav yog dab tsi? (Ntshav) Cia peb tham txog qhov no yooj yim!

Koj puas tau muaj ib qho qhov txhab me me thiab pom ib lossis ob tee ntshav liab tawm ntawm nws? Tej zaum nws yog thaum koj txiav koj txhais tes nrog daim ntawv. Peb txhua tus paub tias ntshav yog ib yam khoom liab. Tab sis, cov ntshav no yog dab tsi tiag? Cov ntshav no ua lub luag haujlwm dab tsi hauv peb lub cev? Qhov ntawd yog qhov peb yuav tham txog hnub no, yooj yim li tham nrog ib tug phooj ywg.

Ntshav yog dab tsi thiab vim li cas nws thiaj tseem ceeb rau peb?

Hais yooj yim xwb, ntshav yog qhov tseem ceeb rau peb txoj sia nyob. Nws zoo li roj av rau lub tsheb, ntshav rau peb lub cev. Nws yog cov ntshav no uas nqa cov khoom uas txhua qhov me me ntawm peb lub cev, uas yog, txhua lub cell thiab cov nqaij, xav tau los ua haujlwm. Xav txog nws zoo li lub tsheb thauj khoom uas xa khoom thoob plaws hauv lub nroog.

• Thauj cov pa oxygen: Thaum peb ua pa, cov pa oxygen uas nkag mus rau hauv peb lub ntsws raug nqa los ntawm cov ntshav mus rau cov hlwb thoob plaws peb lub cev. Yog tsis muaj cov pa oxygen no, peb cov hlwb yuav tsis muaj sia nyob.
• Muab kev noj haus: Cov khoom noj khoom haus , xws li glucose, uas raug zom thiab nqus los ntawm cov khoom noj uas peb noj, raug faib thoob plaws lub cev los ntawm cov ntshav. Cov no yog cov uas muab zog rau peb cov hlwb.
• Tshem tawm cov khib nyiab: Cov ntshav nqa cov khoom pov tseg ( xws li carbon dioxide) uas peb cov hlwb tsim tawm rov qab mus rau lub ntsws, qhov chaw uas peb tso lawv tawm. Cov ntshav kuj pab tshem tawm lwm cov khoom pov tseg ntawm lub cev los ntawm cov kabmob xws li lub raum thiab lub siab.
• Tiv thaiv kab mob: Muaj cov hlwb tshwj xeeb hauv cov ntshav uas tawm tsam cov kab mob, xws li cov kab mob me me thiab cov kab mob sib kis, uas nkag mus rau hauv peb lub cev thiab tiv thaiv peb ntawm kev kis kab mob . Nws zoo li ib pab tub rog tiv thaiv hauv peb lub cev.
• Cov tshuaj hormones nqa cov lus: Cov tshuaj hormones yog cov tshuaj xa xov uas tswj txhua yam haujlwm hauv peb lub cev. Cov tshuaj hormones no raug nqa los ntawm ib qho chaw mus rau lwm qhov hauv cov ntshav.
• Tswj qhov kub ntawm lub cev: Cov ntshav kuj pab tswj peb lub cev qhov kub .
• Tiv thaiv kev los ntshav thaum raug mob: Ntshav kuj tseem tuaj yeem tswj kev los ntshav los ntawm kev tiv thaiv kev los ntshav ntau dhau los ntawm txawm tias yog qhov txhab me me, los ntawm kev ua rau ntshav txhaws (ntshav txhaws) .

Koj puas pom, ntshav tsis yog ib yam dej liab me me xwb. Nws yog ib yam khoom uas nyuaj heev thiab zoo kawg nkaus uas txhawb nqa peb lub cev txoj sia!

Cov ntshav ua los ntawm dab tsi?

Cia peb saib seb muaj dab tsi ua rau cov ntshav no zoo kawg nkaus. Cov ntshav muaj ob feem tseem ceeb.

1. Plasma - Qhov no yog cov kua.

2. Cov qe ntshav - Cov no yog cov hom qe ntshav uas ntab hauv cov ntshav.

Plasma yog dab tsi?

Xav txog seb, yog tias ntshav zoo li zaub xam lav txiv hmab txiv ntoo ces plasmaZoo li cov kua txiv hmab uas ua rau cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo nyob hauv cov zaub xam lav ntawd ntab. Tab sis qhov no yog cov kua daj. Tsuas yog 55% ntawm peb cov ntshav yog plasma .

Cov ntshav (plasma) feem ntau yog ua los ntawm dej. Tab sis nws kuj muaj ntau lwm yam tseem ceeb:

• Cov Protein: Muaj ntau hom protein, xws li albumin, globulin, thiab fibrinogen. Cov no pab tswj cov ntshav siab, tsim cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob, thiab pab kom cov ntshav khov.
• Cov Khoom Noj Muaj Quav: Tej yam xws li glucose, amino acids, vitamins, thiab fatty acids uas peb tau tham txog ua ntej raug thauj mus rau cov cell los ntawm plasma.
• Cov Tshuaj Hormones: Cov tshuaj hormones uas tswj ntau yam haujlwm hauv peb lub cev mus ncig ua yaj hauv cov ntshav no.
• Cov electrolytes: Cov ntsev xws li sodium, potassium, thiab calcium. Cov no yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub paj hlwb thiab cov leeg nqaij.
• Khib Nyhiab: Cov khoom pov tseg xws li urea uas raug tso tawm ntawm cov hlwb kuj raug nqa mus rau lub raum los ntawm plasma.

Yog li, plasma tsis yog tsuas yog kua xwb, tab sis yog ib feem tseem ceeb ntawm peb lub cev txoj kev thauj mus los, kev muab khoom noj khoom haus, kev pov tseg pov tseg, thiab kev tiv thaiv kab mob.

Cov qe ntshav muaj hom dab tsi?

Tam sim no cia peb tham txog cov qe ntshav uas ntab hauv cov kua hu ua plasma. Muaj peb hom qe ntshav tseem ceeb no. Txhua hom muaj nws txoj haujlwm tshwj xeeb.

1. Cov Qog Ntshav Liab / Cov Qog Ntshav Erythrocytes - Cov qe ntshav uas coj txoj sia los rau peb lub cev!

Cov no yog cov cell uas muaj ntau tshaj plaws hauv peb cov ntshav. Yog hais kom meej, cov cell ntshav liab no yog cov uas ua rau cov ntshav muaj xim liab. Cov cell no yog cov discs me me, ob lub discs sib npaug. Xav txog lawv zoo li lub ncuav mog me me, tab sis es tsis txhob muaj qhov nyob hauv nruab nrab, muaj qhov khoob nyob hauv nruab nrab.

• Lub Luag Haujlwm Tseem Ceeb: Ib qho protein tshwj xeeb hu ua "Hemoglobin" nyob rau hauv cov qe ntshav liab tso cai rau cov qe no nqa cov pa oxygen . Cov pa oxygen uas peb noj los ntawm lub ntsws khi rau hemoglobin thiab cov qe ntshav liab nqa mus rau txhua lub qe hauv lub cev. Lawv kuj pab coj qee cov pa roj carbon dioxide uas tsim tawm hauv cov qe rov qab mus rau lub ntsws.
• Lub Neej Nyob: Ib lub qe ntshav liab tsuas muaj sia nyob li 120 hnub xwb. Tom qab ntawd, lawv raug rhuav tshem hauv lub siab thiab lub po, thiab cov qe ntshav tshiab raug tsim tawm.
• Lawv ua nyob qhov twg?: Cov qe ntshav liab yog tsim nyob rau hauv ib qho chaw hu ua pob txha hauv peb cov pob txha loj.
• Teeb Meem: Yog tias cov qe ntshav liab tsawg zuj zus, lossis yog tias cov hemoglobin tsawg zuj zus, peb lub cev tsis tau txais oxygen txaus. Peb hu qhov mob no ua "Anemia" . Ces cov tsos mob xws li qaug zog, ntsej muag daj ntseg, thiab ua pa nyuaj yuav tshwm sim.

2. Cov Qog Ntshav Dawb / Leukocytes - Cov tub rog tiv thaiv lub cev!

Cov qe ntshav dawb yog cov tub rog tseem ceeb ntawm peb lub cev lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob . Lawv loj dua cov qe ntshav liab, tab sis lawv cov lej hauv cov ntshav tsawg dua li cov qe ntshav liab.

• Lub Luag Haujlwm Tseem Ceeb: Lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm cov hlwb no yog los tawm tsam thiab rhuav tshem cov kab mob (cov kab mob me me, cov kab mob me me, cov pwm, cov kab mob parasitic) uas nkag mus rau hauv peb lub cev, thiab tiv thaiv peb ntawm kab mob . Lawv kuj pab txheeb xyuas thiab rhuav tshem cov hlwb tsis zoo, xws li cov hlwb mob qog noj ntshav.
• Hom sib txawv: Tsis yog muaj ib hom qe ntshav dawb xwb. Ib yam li muaj cov tub rog sib txawv hauv ib pab tub rog, muaj ntau hom qe ntshav dawb. Txhua hom muaj ib txoj haujlwm tshwj xeeb:
• Neutrophils: Cov no yog cov qe ntshav dawb uas muaj ntau tshaj plaws. Lawv feem ntau tawm tsam cov kab mob bacterial.
• Cov Lymphocytes: Muaj ob hom lymphocytes, B-cells thiab T-cells. B-cells tsim cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob . Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob no yog cov protein tshwj xeeb uas pab paub thiab tawm tsam cov kab mob. T-cells ncaj qha rhuav tshem cov cell uas muaj kab mob thiab tswj lwm cov cell tiv thaiv kab mob.
• Monocytes: Cov no yog cov qe ntshav dawb loj tshaj plaws. Thaum lawv txav mus los ntawm cov ntshav mus rau hauv cov nqaij, lawv dhau los ua cov qe hu ua macrophages, uas "nqos" thiab ntxuav cov kab mob, cov qe tuag, thiab lwm yam khib nyiab.
• Eosinophils: Cov no feem ntau tawm tsam cov kab mob parasitic. Lawv kuj tuaj yeem pom hauv kev ua xua.
• Basophils: Cov no yog cov qe ntshav dawb me tshaj plaws. Lawv tso tawm cov tshuaj xws li histamine thaum muaj kev ua xua.
• Lawv tsim tawm qhov twg?: Cov qe ntshav dawb no feem ntau tsim tawm hauv cov pob txha. Qee hom, xws li lymphocytes, kuj tsim nyob rau hauv cov chaw xws li cov qog ntshav.
• Teeb Meem: Cov qe ntshav dawb ntau lossis tsawg dhau tuaj yeem qhia txog ntau yam mob. Piv txwv li, kev kis kab mob tuaj yeem ua rau cov qe ntshav dawb ntau ntxiv. Leukemia yog ib hom mob qog noj ntshav ntawm cov qe ntshav dawb.

3. Platelets / Thrombocytes - Cov phab ej me me uas tiv thaiv kev los ntshav!

Cov ntshav platelets tsis yog cov cell tag nrho. Lawv yog cov cell me me uas tawg los ntawm cov cell loj hu ua megakaryocytes hauv cov pob txha pob txha. Lawv tsis muaj lub nucleus.

• Txoj Haujlwm Tseem Ceeb: Yog tias peb tau txais qhov txhab qhov twg hauv peb lub cev thiab cov hlab ntsha tawg, nws pab tiv thaiv kom tsis txhob los ntshav.Qhov no yog lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm cov ntshav platelets no. Lawv tuaj rau ntawm qhov chaw raug mob thiab sib sau ua ke los ua ib qho "plug" nplaum. Tom qab ntawd lawv sib xyaw nrog cov protein hu ua fibrinogen hauv cov ntshav los ua ib qho ntshav txhaws, ua rau cov ntshav tsis txhob los ntshav kiag li.
• Lawv tsim tawm qhov twg?: Cov no kuj tsim tawm hauv cov pob txha pob txha.
• Teeb Meem: Yog tias cov ntshav platelets tsawg zuj zus (qhov mob no hu ua 'Thrombocytopenia'), cov ntshav txhaws tuaj yeem qeeb zuj zus. Tom qab ntawd, txawm tias yog qhov txhab me me los kuj nyuaj rau kom tsis txhob los ntshav, thiab daim tawv nqaij tuaj yeem mob tau yooj yim. Tej zaum koj yuav tau hnov ​​​​tias cov ntshav platelets no tsawg zuj zus hauv cov kab mob xws li dengue. Tsis tas li ntawd, qhov nce ntxiv ntawm cov ntshav platelets lossis lawv txoj haujlwm tsis zoo tuaj yeem ua rau cov ntshav txhaws tsis tsim nyog ('Thrombosis').

Tam sim no tej zaum koj nkag siab lawm tias ntshav tsis yog ib yam kua liab xwb, tab sis muaj pes tsawg yam nyuaj thiab zoo kawg nkaus tshwm sim hauv nws.

Vim li cas ntshav thiaj liab?

Qhov no yog ib qho teeb meem uas ntau tus neeg muaj. Raws li peb tau tham lawm, cov ntshav yog xim liab vim yog cov protein hu ua hemoglobin hauv cov qe ntshav liab . Cov hemoglobin no muaj hlau. Thaum hemoglobin khi rau oxygen (oxyhemoglobin), nws yuav muaj xim liab tsaus. Qhov no yog qhov peb feem ntau pom hauv cov ntshav hauv cov hlab ntsha. Cov ntshav hauv cov leeg, uas muaj oxygen tsawg dua (deoxyhemoglobin), yuav muaj xim liab tsaus me ntsis, purplish. Txawm li cas los xij, qee cov tsiaj muaj ntshav xiav lossis ntsuab, vim lawv cov ntshav muaj cov tshuaj sib txawv uas nqa oxygen. Peb cov ntshav yog xim liab vim yog hemoglobin!

Peb txhua tus puas muaj tib hom ntshav? Cia peb kawm me ntsis txog cov hom ntshav.

Tej zaum koj twb tau hnov ​​​​​​zaj dab neeg zoo li "Kuv cov ntshav hom B yog B positive" thiab "Lub hnub xav tau cov ntshav O negative." Qhov ntawd txhais tau tias tsis yog txhua tus neeg cov ntshav zoo ib yam. Muaj ib yam dab tsi hu ua 'pawg ntshav' .

Cov hom ntshav no yog txiav txim los ntawm cov protein tshwj xeeb hu ua 'Antigens' nyob rau ntawm qhov chaw ntawm cov qe ntshav liab. Ob lub tshuab hom ntshav tseem ceeb yog:

1. ABO system: Yog li ntawd, muaj plaub hom ntshav: A, B, AB, thiab O.

2. Rh system: Yog li ntawd, muaj ob hom: Rh positive (muaj Rh factor) thiab Rh negative (tsis muaj Rh factor).

Feem ntau peb hu ib hom ntshav los ntawm kev muab ob qho tib si ABO thiab Rh systems ua ke (piv txwv li A positive, O negative).

Vim li cas cov ntshav no thiaj tseem ceeb?

Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yog tias thaum muab ntshav rau ib tug neeg, koj yuav tsum muab hom ntshav sib xws. Yog tias koj muab hom ntshav tsis sib xws, qhov kev tsis haum tshuaj ('Kev hloov ntshav') tuaj yeem tshwm sim hauv lub cev ntawm tus neeg uas tau txais cov ntshav thiab tuaj yeem ua rau tuag taus. Yog vim li ntawd, txawm tias pub ntshav lossis txais ntshav, hom ntshav yuav tsum paub meej thiab sib xws.

Peb ua tau dab tsi los pab kom peb cov ntshav noj qab nyob zoo?

Kev ua kom cov ntshav noj qab nyob zoo, uas yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev rau peb lub cev, yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev. Muaj ob peb yam yooj yim uas peb ua tau los pab:

• Kev noj zaub mov kom zoo: Koj yuav tsum noj cov khoom noj uas muaj hlau ntau (xws li zaub ntsuab nplooj, nqaij liab, taum pauv), folic acid, thiab vitamin B12 (cov no yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev tsim cov qe ntshav liab). Nco ntsoov suav nrog cov zaub tshiab thiab txiv hmab txiv ntoo hauv koj cov zaub mov noj.
• Haus dej txaus: Cov ntshav feem ntau yog dej (plasma). Yog li ntawd, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom tiv thaiv kev qhuav dej hauv lub cev rau kev noj qab haus huv ntawm cov ntshav.
• Kev tawm dag zog tsis tu ncua: Kev tawm dag zog ua rau lub plawv dhia thiab cov ntshav ncig zoo dua.
• Tsis txhob haus luam yeeb thiab haus cawv ntau dhau: Cov cwj pwm no ua rau cov ntshav thiab kev noj qab haus huv tag nrho puas tsuaj.
• Kev kuaj mob tsis tu ncua: Kev kuaj mob tsis tu ncua xws li kev suav cov ntshav tag nrho (FBC) tuaj yeem pab nrhiav tau cov teeb meem ntshav thaum ntxov.

Nco ntsoov tias, kev ua neej noj qab haus huv yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws rau lub cev ntshav noj qab haus huv!

Kev piav qhia luv luv: Tej yam yuav tsum nco ntsoov

Zoo, yog li peb tau tham ntau txog ntshav hnub no, puas yog?

Hais yooj yim xwb, ntshav yog ib yam khoom uas txhawb nqa txoj sia uas nqa cov pa oxygen thiab cov as-ham mus rau txhua lub cell hauv peb lub cev, tshem tawm cov khoom pov tseg , tiv thaiv peb ntawm kab mob , thiab ua ntau yam haujlwm tseem ceeb.

Ntshav yog ua los ntawm cov qe ntshav hu ua 'Cov Qog Ntshav Liab' , 'Cov Qog Ntshav Dawb' , thiab 'Cov Qog Ntshav Platelets', uas ntab hauv cov kua hu ua 'Plasma' . Txhua lub qe ntshav no muaj ib txoj haujlwm tshwj xeeb.

Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev uas yuav tsum noj zaub mov zoo, tawm dag zog, thiab tsis txhob noj tej yam tsis zoo kom peb cov ntshav noj qab nyob zoo.

Yog koj muaj lus nug lossis kev txhawj xeeb txog koj cov ntshav, tsis txhob yig mus ntsib kws kho mob. Kev paub txog koj lub cev yog txoj hauv kev zoo tshaj plaws los ua neej noj qab haus huv.

Tau txais nws? Kuv vam tias koj tam sim no nkag siab zoo dua txog cov kua liab txawv txawv no uas ntws hauv koj lub cev!

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