Puas yog mob hauv siab? Tsuas yog hnoos xwb? Los yog mob ntsws? Cia peb tham!

Koj puas tau muaj mob kub taub hau nrog rau qhov mob hauv siab thiab ua pa nyuaj? Feem ntau, peb xav tias cov no yog mob khaub thuas lossis mob ntsws, tab sis qee zaum lawv tuaj yeem yog qee yam loj dua me ntsis. Qhov ntawd yog qhov mob ntsws (pneumonia). Hnub no, cia peb tham txog tus kab mob no hu ua mob ntsws kom meej thiab yooj yim, puas tau?

Mob ntsws yog dab tsi tiag?

Hais yooj yim xwb, mob ntsws yog kev kis kab mob rau koj lub ntsws. Yog hais kom meej, nws yog thaum cov hnab cua me me hauv koj lub ntsws hu ua alveoli o thiab puv nrog kua lossis kua qaub. Xav txog koj lub ntsws zoo li cov txiv hmab me me uas nyob tom qab cov bronchioles uas ceg tawm zoo li cov ceg ntoo. Cov hnab cua no yog qhov chaw uas cov pa oxygen uas peb ua pa nkag mus rau hauv cov ntshav. Yog li, yuav ua li cas thaum cov no kis kab mob? Koj tsis tuaj yeem nqus cov pa oxygen kom zoo, koj ua pa nyuaj, koj mob hauv siab, thiab koj hnoos tawm cov hnoos qeev. Koj puas nkag siab? Qhov no tuaj yeem tshwm sim hauv ib lub ntsws xwb, lossis nws tuaj yeem tshwm sim hauv ob lub ntsws.

Dab tsi yog cov ua rau mob ntsws?

Tam sim no cia peb saib seb cov ua rau muaj tus kab mob no hu ua mob ntsws yog dab tsi. Feem ntau, nws yog los ntawm cov kab mob me me uas peb lub qhov muag tsis pom.

• Cov kab mob: Mob ntsws tuaj yeem tshwm sim thaum qee hom kab mob nkag mus rau hauv lub ntsws. Streptococcus pneumoniae yog ib qho ua rau mob ntsws. Hom kab mob no feem ntau tsis ua rau muaj kev phom sij rau peb lub caj pas thiab lub qhov ntswg, tab sis nws tuaj yeem ua teeb meem yog tias nws nkag mus rau hauv lub ntsws thaum peb lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob tsis muaj zog.
• Cov Kab Mob: Cov kab mob uas ua rau muaj mob xws li mob khaub thuas thiab mob ntsws uas peb txhua tus tau txais qee zaum tuaj yeem hloov mus ua mob ntsws. Qhov no feem ntau tshwm sim rau cov menyuam yaus thiab cov neeg laus. Piv txwv ntawm cov kab mob suav nrog '(Tus kab mob khaub thuas)' (peb hu nws ua tus kab mob 'mob ntsws'), '(Tus kab mob ua pa - RSV)'. Peb tau pom tias tus kab mob Covid-19 ('COVID-19') kuj tseem tuaj yeem ua rau mob ntsws hnyav.
• Kab mob pwm: Qhov no tsis tshua muaj ntau, tab sis cov neeg uas lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob tsis muaj zog, lossis cov neeg uas muaj lwm yam kab mob loj (piv txwv li, HIV/AIDS), kuj tuaj yeem mob ntsws vim yog kab mob pwm.
• Kev nqus cov khoom noj lossis cov kua dej mus rau hauv txoj hlab pa (Aspiration Pneumonia): Qee zaum, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau cov neeg uas tsis nco qab (piv txwv li, ib tus neeg uas tau muaj mob stroke) lossis muaj teeb meem nqos, khoom noj lossis dej haus, lossis cov khoom hauv plab (cov kua qaub) tuaj yeem nkag mus rau hauv lub ntsws, ua rau mob ntsws. Qhov no hu ua aspiration pneumonia.

Saib seb, muaj ntau yam ua rau mob, puas yog? Yog vim li ntawd qee zaum tus kws kho mob yuav tsum nrhiav seb hom kab mob twg ua rau mob ua ntej kho nws.

Puas muaj hom mob ntsws?

Yog, muaj qee qhov kev faib tawm ntawm tus kab mob ntsws raws li nws txoj kev loj hlob thiab qhov chaw uas nws loj hlob. Koj tsis tas yuav kawm cov no zoo li koj yuav mus xeem loj, tab sis nws zoo kom paub me ntsis.

• Kab mob ntsws uas kis tau los ntawm zej zog (CAP): Nov yog hom kab mob ntsws uas peb feem ntau pom, kis tau sab nraum tsev kho mob, hauv txhua hnub.
• Kab mob ntsws uas kis tau los ntawm tsev kho mob (HAP): Kab mob ntsws uas tshwm sim thaum ib tug neeg nyob hauv tsev kho mob rau lwm yam kab mob (feem ntau yog li ntawm 48 teev tom qab nkag mus rau hauv tsev kho mob). Qhov no tuaj yeem ua rau mob hnyav heev, vim tias cov kab mob uas pom hauv tsev kho mob qee zaum yuav tiv taus tshuaj.
• Kab mob ntsws uas taug kev tau: Qhov no yog ib hom kab mob ntsws uas tsis hnyav heev thiab tsis hnyav heev. Ib txhia neeg tsis paub tias lawv muaj kab mob no, nws tsuas zoo li mob khaub thuas xwb. Lawv ua neej txhua hnub tau, yog vim li cas nws thiaj hu ua kab mob ntsws "taug kev tau." Tab sis nws kuj tuaj yeem ua rau mob hnyav yog tias tsis kho kom zoo.

Txawm hais tias muaj cov hom mob zoo li no los xij, qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yog nrhiav kev pab kho mob sai li sai tau thaum cov tsos mob tshwm sim.

Koj paub li cas tias koj muaj mob ntsws? - Cov tsos mob

Zoo, tam sim no cia peb saib seb koj yuav muaj cov tsos mob dab tsi thaum koj mob ntsws. Cov no tsis zoo ib yam rau txhua tus. Ib txhia neeg yuav pib qeeb qeeb, thaum lwm tus yuav pib sai sai.

• Hnoos: Qhov no yog cov tsos mob tseem ceeb. Qee zaum hnoos yuav ua rau muaj cov hnoos daj, ntsuab, xim av, lossis ntshav. Qee zaum nws tuaj yeem pib ua hnoos qhuav.
• Kub taub hau: Koj yuav kub taub hau, uas tuaj yeem siab txog 38 degrees Celsius (100.4 degrees Fahrenheit) lossis siab dua.
• Ua pa nyuaj: Ua pa nyuaj thaum koj nkees me ntsis, lossis xav tias ua tsis taus pa lossis ua pa sai txawm tias koj sawv ntsug twj ywm xwb.
• Mob hauv siab: Tej zaum koj yuav hnov ​​mob ntse ntse rau ib sab lossis hauv nruab nrab ntawm koj lub hauv siab thaum koj ua pa lossis hnoos. Qhov mob no yuav hnyav zuj zus thaum koj ua pa tob tob.
• Qaug zog: Xav tias nkees thiab ua tsis tau dab tsi.
• Xeev siab, ntuav, lossis raws plab: Qee tus neeg kuj tseem yuav muaj cov tsos mob no, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov menyuam yaus.
• Kev tsis meej pem lossis kev nco qab tsis zoo: Qhov no yog ib qho tsos mob uas feem ntau tshwm sim rau cov neeg laus (hnub nyoog tshaj 65 xyoo). Lawv yuav muaj qee qhov kev tsis meej pem, xws li poob lawv qhov chaw thiab lub sijhawm.
• Tawm hws thiab hnov ​​txias.
• Tsis qab los noj mov.
• Mob taub hau (nqes) thiab mob nqaij.

Tseem Ceeb: Ntxiv rau qhov kub taub hau thiab hnoos, tus menyuam mos uas muaj mob ntsws kuj tseem yuav muaj cov tsos mob xws li rub lub hauv siab, ua pa sai, tsis kam pub niam mis, qaug zog, ntuav, thiab mob plab. Yog li ntawd, yog tias koj pom ib qho ntawm cov tsos mob no hauv tus menyuam mos , koj yuav tsum mus ntsib kws kho mob tam sim ntawd.

Yog koj muaj ib lossis ntau yam ntawm cov tsos mob no, nws yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws mus ntsib kws kho mob dua li tsis quav ntsej nws tsuas yog mob khaub thuas xwb.

Leej twg muaj feem yuav mob ntsws ntau dua?

Txawm hais tias leej twg los xij tuaj yeem mob ntsws, qee tus neeg muaj feem yuav mob nws ntau dua, uas yog, lawv muaj kev pheej hmoo siab dua .

• Cov menyuam mos hnub nyoog qis dua 2 xyoos: Vim tias lawv lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob tseem tsis tau tsim kho tag nrho.
• Cov neeg hnub nyoog tshaj 65 xyoos: Vim tias lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob qaug zog thaum laus thiab lwm yam kab mob ntev yuav tshwm sim.
• Cov Neeg Haus Luam Yeeb: Kev haus luam yeeb ua rau lub ntsws tiv thaiv kab mob puas tsuaj, ua rau lawv yooj yim kis tau cov kab mob.
• Cov neeg uas muaj lwm yam kab mob ntsws: Piv txwv li, cov neeg uas muaj kab mob xws li mob hawb pob, mob ntsws ntev (COPD), thiab cystic fibrosis.
• Cov neeg uas lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob tsis muaj zog: Cov neeg uas muaj tus kab mob HIV/AIDS, cov neeg uas noj tshuaj kho mob qog noj ntshav (piv txwv li, chemotherapy, radiotherapy), cov neeg uas tau hloov lub cev, thiab cov neeg uas noj tshuaj ntev uas ua rau lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob tsis muaj zog, xws li tshuaj steroids, muaj peev xwm txo qis kev tawm tsam cov kab mob.
• Cov neeg uas muaj cov kab mob ntev xws li ntshav qab zib mellitus, kab mob plawv, thiab kab mob raum.
• Cov neeg uas nyuam qhuav phais loj lossis tab tom kho mob hauv tsev kho mob, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov neeg uas tau txuas nrog lub tshuab ua pa.
• Cov neeg uas muaj teeb meem nqos (dysphagia), piv txwv li vim yog mob stroke, Parkinson's tus kab mob.

Yog koj poob rau hauv pawg no, nws yog ib lub tswv yim zoo kom paub ntau ntxiv txog cov tsos mob ntawm tus kab mob ntsws, thiab xav txog cov hau kev los tiv thaiv tus kab mob ntsws.

Tus kws kho mob kuaj mob ntsws li cas?

Thaum koj mus ntsib kws kho mob, nws yuav kuaj ntau yam kom paub seb koj puas muaj mob ntsws.

• Yuav nug koj txog koj keeb kwm kev mob nkeeg: Koj cov tsos mob yog dab tsi, koj muaj mob ntev npaum li cas lawm, koj puas muaj lwm yam mob, koj puas haus luam yeeb, koj puas tau mus ncig ua si tsis ntev los no, thiab puas muaj leej twg hauv koj lub tsev mob?
• Kev Kuaj Lub Cev: Tus kws kho mob yuav mloog koj lub hauv siab nrog lub stethoscope, nrhiav cov suab txawv txawv (xws li lub suab tawg thiab lub suab rhonchi) hauv koj lub ntsws. Lawv kuj tseem yuav kuaj xyuas seb puas kub taub hau, ua pa ceev, thiab lub plawv dhia ceev.
• Duab X-ray hauv siab: Qhov no yog qhov kev kuaj mob uas siv ntau tshaj plaws los kuaj xyuas tus kab mob ntsws. Duab X-ray tuaj yeem pom tseeb cov cheeb tsam uas muaj kab mob (xws li cov pob dawb) hauv lub ntsws.
• Kev kuaj ntshav:Kev suav cov ntshav tag nrho (FBC) tuaj yeem qhia tau yog tias muaj kev kis kab mob (kev nce ntxiv ntawm cov qe ntshav dawb) thiab nws hnyav npaum li cas. Kev kuaj hu ua C-Reactive Protein (CRP) kuj tseem tuaj yeem muab lub tswv yim ntawm qhov hnyav ntawm kev kis kab mob. Qee zaum kev kuaj ntshav kuj tseem yuav ua tau, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog tias kev kis kab mob hnyav heev.
• Kev kuaj mob hnoos qeev thiab Gram stain: Yog tias koj muaj hnoos qeev, qhov kev kuaj no tuaj yeem ua tau los coj cov hnoos qeev thiab nrhiav seb muaj kab mob dab tsi nyob hauv. Qhov no yuav ua rau nws yooj yim dua los muab cov tshuaj zoo rau cov kab mob ntawd.
• Kev ntsuas pa oxygen hauv koj cov ntshav: Muaj ib lub cuab yeej me me zoo li clip txuas rau koj tus ntiv tes los ntsuas qhov oxygen saturation hauv koj cov ntshav. Qhov no tuaj yeem qis hauv kev mob ntsws (feem ntau nws yuav tsum siab dua 95%).

Muaj tej qhov teeb meem loj heev, tej zaum yuav xav tau kev kuaj tshwj xeeb, xws li kev thaij duab CT (ntawm lub hauv siab), kev kuaj kab mob hauv cov kua hauv lub ntsws, lossis kev kuaj lub ntsws. Tab sis feem ntau, kev kuaj mob ntsws tuaj yeem kuaj pom los ntawm kev kuaj mob uas tau hais los saum toj no.

Cov kev kho mob rau mob ntsws yog dab tsi?

Kev kho mob rau mob ntsws nyob ntawm seb muaj pes tsawg yam xws li ua rau mob (kab mob los yog kis kab mob), koj lub hnub nyoog, kev noj qab haus huv tag nrho, thiab qhov hnyav ntawm koj cov tsos mob.

• Rau mob ntsws los ntawm cov kab mob bacterial pneumonia: Koj tus kws kho mob feem ntau yuav sau ntawv kom koj noj tshuaj tua kab mob . Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum noj cov tshuaj no raws nraim li koj tus kws kho mob qhia rau koj, rau tag nrho lub sijhawm ntawm koj txoj kev kho mob. Tsis txhob tsum noj lawv tsuas yog vim koj xav tias zoo dua. Ua li ntawd yuav ua rau koj tus kab mob hnyav dua lossis ua rau tsis kam tshuaj tua kab mob.
• Rau mob ntsws los ntawm tus kab mob viral: Cov tshuaj tua kab mob tsis ua haujlwm tawm tsam cov kab mob viral. Rau qee cov mob ntsws los ntawm tus kab mob viral (xws li cov uas tshwm sim los ntawm tus mob khaub thuas), cov tshuaj tua kab mob tuaj yeem muab tau hauv 48 teev thawj zaug ntawm kev mob. Txawm li cas los xij, feem ntau cov mob ntsws los ntawm tus kab mob viral yuav ploj mus ntawm lawv tus kheej hauv ob peb hnub lossis ob peb lub lis piam. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom tau so thiab haus dej ntau (dej, kua zaub, kua txiv hmab txiv ntoo) thaum lub sijhawm no.
• Rau mob ntsws ua los ntawm cov kab mob fungal: Cov tshuaj tua kab mob fungal siv rau qhov no.

Tsis tas li ntawd xwb, cov tshuaj kuj raug muab los tswj cov tsos mob:

• Txo qhov kub taub hau, txo qhov mob: ib yam dab tsi zoo li paracetamol.
• Tshuaj Kho Hnoos: Qee zaum cov kws kho mob tsis sau ntawv kom siv cov tshuaj uas tiv thaiv hnoos vim tias hnoos yog ib txoj hauv kev ntuj los tshem cov hnoos qeev tawm ntawm lub ntsws. Yog tias muaj hnoos qeev ntau, lawv yuav sau ntawv kom siv cov tshuaj expectorant kom nws nyias me ntsis.

Nyob hauv tsev? Nyob hauv tsev kho mob?

Feem ntau cov neeg tuaj yeem rov zoo los ntawm mob ntsws hauv tsev nrog kev kho mob. Txawm li cas los xij, yog tias koj tus mob hnyav, xws li ua pa nyuaj, cov pa oxygen tsawg (qis dua 92% ntawm lub tshuab ntsuas pa oxygen), ib tus neeg laus (hnub nyoog tshaj 65 xyoo), ib tus neeg uas muaj lwm yam mob hnyav, lossis ib tus menyuam mos (tshwj xeeb tshaj yog hnub nyoog qis dua 6 lub hlis), koj tus kws kho mob yuav txiav txim siab coj koj mus pw hauv tsev kho mob. Hauv tsev kho mob, koj yuav tau txais tshuaj tua kab mob IV, kev kho mob oxygen, kua saline yog tias xav tau, thiab lwm yam kev kho mob tsim nyog.

Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yog mloog tus kws kho mob hais thiab nrhiav kev kho mob kom zoo. Yog koj noj tshuaj kom zoo thiab so kom txaus, koj yuav pib zoo dua hauv ob peb hnub. Tab sis nws yuav siv sijhawm ob peb lub lis piam kom zoo tag nrho.

Cov hau kev kom tsis txhob muaj mob ntsws

Muaj ib zaj lus hais tias, "Zoo dua kom muaj kev nyab xeeb dua li tu siab tom qab mob." Cia peb saib seb peb ua tau dab tsi kom tsis txhob mob ntsws.

• Tau Txais Tshuaj Tiv Thaiv Kab Mob: Muaj cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob tiv thaiv qee cov kab mob thiab cov kab mob uas ua rau mob ntsws.
• Tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob pneumococcal: Qhov no tiv thaiv tau tus kab mob Streptococcus pneumoniae. Nws raug pom zoo rau cov neeg hnub nyoog tshaj 65 xyoo, cov menyuam yaus hnub nyoog qis dua 2 xyoos, thiab cov neeg uas muaj qee yam kab mob ntev.
• Tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob khaub thuas (Koob tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob khaub thuas): Kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob no txhua xyoo tuaj yeem tiv thaiv tau kab mob khaub thuas thiab tseem tuaj yeem tiv thaiv kab mob ntsws uas tshwm sim los ntawm kab mob khaub thuas.
• Tau txais lwm yam tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob rau menyuam yaus (xws li tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob Hib thiab tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob qhua pias) raws sijhawm.

Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev uas yuav tsum nrog koj tus kws kho mob tham txog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob no thiab nrhiav qhov uas haum rau koj.

• Ua raws li kev coj ua zoo huv si:
• Ntxuav koj txhais tes ntau zaus nrog xab npum thiab dej (tsawg kawg yog 20 vib nas this), tshwj xeeb tshaj yog ua ntej noj mov, tom qab siv chav dej, tom qab mob, thiab tom qab los ntawm sab nraud. Siv xab npum lossis tshuaj ntxuav tes uas muaj cawv.
• Npog koj lub qhov ncauj thiab lub qhov ntswg nrog daim ntaub so ntswg lossis koj lub luj tshib thaum koj hnoos lossis txham. Pov cov ntaub so ntswg uas siv lawm pov tseg rau hauv lub thoob khib nyiab tam sim ntawd.
• Sim nyob deb ntawm cov neeg mob. Yog tias koj mob, nyob hauv tsev kom tsis txhob kis mus rau lwm tus.
• Tsis txhob haus luam yeeb: Yog tias koj haus luam yeeb, sim tso tseg. Tsis txhob ua pa luam yeeb thaum koj nyob ib puag ncig lwm tus neeg haus luam yeeb (kev haus luam yeeb tsis siv pa luam yeeb). Kev haus luam yeeb ua rau lub ntsws tiv thaiv kab mob puas tsuaj.
• Ua kom koj lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob muaj zog: Noj zaub mov zoo (zaub, txiv hmab txiv ntoo, thiab cov nplej tag nrho), pw tsaug zog txaus (7-8 teev hauv ib hnub), thiab tawm dag zog tsis tu ncua. Cov no yuav ua rau koj lub cev muaj peev xwm tiv thaiv kab mob ntau ntxiv.
• Tswj cov kab mob ntev: Yog tias koj muaj cov kab mob xws li ntshav qab zib, kab mob plawv, lossis hawb pob, ua raws li koj tus kws kho mob cov lus qhia kom tswj tau lawv kom zoo.

Tej yam me me no ua tau qhov sib txawv loj heev, puas yog?

Kuv yuav tsum mus ntsib kws kho mob thaum twg?

Yog tias koj muaj ib lossis ntau yam tsos mob hauv qab no, tsuas yog mob khaub thuas lossis kub taub hau uas tsis ploj mus li ob peb hnub xwb, mus ntsib kws kho mob tam sim ntawd.

• Yog tias koj ua pa nyuaj heev , lossis yog tias koj lub hauv siab mob thaum koj ua pa.
• Yog koj mob hauv siab heev .
• Yog tias qhov kub taub hau tsis txo qis tshaj 3 hnub , lossis yog tias qhov kub taub hau tseem siab tshaj 39 degrees Celsius (102 Fahrenheit).
• Yog koj hnoos ntshav .
• Yog koj daim di ncauj lossis cov rau tes tig xiav (qhov no yog ib qho mob hu ua cyanosis, ib qho cim qhia tias koj cov ntshav tsis tau txais oxygen txaus).
• Yog tias muaj kev tsis meej pem lossis kev hloov pauv hauv kev nco qab (tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau cov neeg laus).
• Yog tias nws zoo li nws mob hnyav dua li yav dhau los , lossis yog tias nws zoo li nws mob hnyav dua li mob khaub thuas.
• Yog koj ntuav ntau zaus thiab tsis tuaj yeem khaws dab tsi cia.

Yog tias koj muaj cov tsos mob zoo li no, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau ib tug menyuam yaus (tshwj xeeb tshaj yog ib tug menyuam mos hnub nyoog qis dua 2 lub hlis), ib tug neeg laus, lossis ib tug neeg uas muaj lwm yam kab mob ntev, nws yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws coj lawv mus rau kws kho mob yam tsis muaj kev ncua. Qee zaum pib kho mob thaum ntxov tuaj yeem ua qhov sib txawv loj.

Xaus lus, nco ntsoov qhov no:

Zoo, yog li peb tau tham ntau txog mob ntsws hnub no, puas yog? Nco ntsoov, mob ntsws yog kev kis kab mob ntawm lub ntsws. Nws tuaj yeem tshwm sim los ntawm cov kab mob xws li cov kab mob bacteria thiab cov kab mob virus. Cov tsos mob tseem ceeb yog hnoos, kub taub hau, thiab ua pa nyuaj.

Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws:

* Yog koj xav tias koj muaj cov tsos mob ntawm tus kab mob ntsws, mus ntsib kws kho mob tam sim ntawd. Tsis txhob kho koj tus kheej.

* Noj cov tshuaj uas koj tus kws kho mob tau sau tseg, tshwj xeeb yog cov tshuaj tua kab mob, raws li lub sijhawm tau teem tseg thiab raws li qhov ntau npaum li tau teem tseg. Tsis txhob tsum noj lawv tsuas yog vim koj xav tias zoo dua xwb.

* Feem ntau yuav tiv thaiv tau tus kab mob ntsws los ntawm kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob, ua kom huv si (tshwj xeeb yog ntxuav tes), thiab tsis txhob haus luam yeeb.

* So kom txaus, noj zaub mov zoo, thiab haus dej kom txaus.

Kab mob ntsws tsis yog ib yam dab tsi uas yuav tsum ntshai, tab sis nws kuj tsis yog ib yam dab tsi uas yuav tsum tsis quav ntsej. Yog tias koj tau txais kev kho mob zoo, koj tuaj yeem rov zoo sai sai. Kuv xav kom koj thiab koj tsev neeg muaj kev noj qab haus huv!

Mob ntsws, mob ntsws, hnoos, kub taub hau, ua pa nyuaj, tshuaj tua kab mob, ntsws, duab X-ray, kab mob bacteria, kab mob virus