Ib zaj dab neeg txog koj lub plawv: Cia peb kawm txog cov enzymes hauv lub plawv lossis cov cim qhia txog lub plawv.

Qee zaum peb ntshai heev thaum peb mob hauv siab lossis ua pa nyuaj, puas yog? Peb xav tias, "Qhov no puas yog mob plawv nres?" Thaum lub sijhawm zoo li no, muaj kev kuaj ntshav tshwj xeeb uas cov kws kho mob siv los nrhiav seb puas muaj teeb meem nrog koj lub plawv. Qhov kev kuaj enzyme plawv no hu ua li ntawd.

Cov enzymes hauv lub plawv no yog dab tsi?

Hais yooj yim xwb, cov enzymes hauv lub plawv yog cov protein tshwj xeeb uas pom muaj nyob hauv cov hlwb ntawm peb lub plawv. Cov enzymes yog cov tshuaj uas pab peb lub cev ua cov txheej txheem tshuaj lom neeg, xws li kev zom zaub mov , kom raug. Xav txog nws li no: koj lub siab zoo li lub tsev. Muaj ntau yam muaj nqis hauv lub tsev no. Feem ntau, cov khoom no nyob hauv lub tsev thiab tsis tawm los.

Txawm li cas los xij, yog tias muaj ib yam dab tsi puas tsuaj hauv lub tsev no hu ua lub plawv, piv txwv li, yog tias lub plawv tsis tau txais oxygen txaus (peb hu qhov no ischemia ), lossis yog tias muaj mob xws li mob plawv nres, cov hlwb ntawm lub plawv raug puas tsuaj. Nws zoo li thaum phab ntsa ntawm lub tsev tawg, cov khoom hauv lub cev dhia tawm. Tom qab ntawd, cov enzymes plawv uas nyob hauv cov hlwb ntawd pib sib sau ua ke hauv cov ntshav. Yog li, kev nce ntxiv ntawm cov enzymes no hauv cov ntshav yog ib qho cim tseem ceeb uas muaj qee qhov kev nyuaj siab, kev puas tsuaj, lossis kev ntxhov siab rau lub plawv . Cov no kuj hu ua cardiac biomarkers , vim tias lawv muab "lub cim" txog kev noj qab haus huv ntawm lub plawv.

Yog li, qhov kev kuaj mob Cardiac Enzyme Marker no yog dab tsi?

Kev kuaj mob enzyme marker ntawm lub plawvIb qho yog kev kuaj uas siv cov qauv ntawm koj cov ntshav thiab ntsuas cov qib ntawm cov enzymes tshwj xeeb no, lossis cov cim qhia. Qhov no yog kev kuaj ntshav yooj yim heev. Ib qho ntshav me me raug rho tawm ntawm cov leeg ntshav hauv koj txhais caj npab.

Tus kws kho mob siv qhov kev kuaj no los xyuas seb cov enzyme no hauv cov ntshav puas yog ib txwm muaj lossis siab dua. Yog tias cov enzyme no siab dua li qhov pom zoo , nws txhais tau tias tej zaum yuav muaj mob plawv nres, lossis tej zaum yuav muaj kev ntxhov siab rau lub plawv. Yog li ntawd, qhov no yog ib qho kev kuaj tseem ceeb heev.

Cov kws kho mob siv cov cim qhia txog lub plawv no li cas?

Tam sim no tej zaum koj yuav xav paub tias, cov kws kho mob yuav kuaj mob li cas los ntawm kev kuaj ntshav no xwb? Qhov tseeb, cov kws kho mob tuaj yeem nkag siab ntau yam los ntawm kev saib cov qib ntawm cov cim qhia txog lub plawv no. Nws zoo li ib tug kws tshawb nrhiav uas muab cov lus qhia ua ke.

Piv txwv li:

• Mob plawv dhia ceev ceev (ACS): Qhov no yog ib qho mob uas tshwm sim los ntawm kev txo qis cov ntshav ntws mus rau lub plawv. Qhov no tuaj yeem ua rau muaj mob plawv nres lossis nws tuaj yeem ua rau mob plawv nres. Cov theem ntawm cov enzyme hauv lub plawv tuaj yeem nce sai sai thaum lub sijhawm no.
• Myocardial Ischemia: Qhov no yog thaum cov leeg nqaij plawv tsis tau txais oxygen txaus. Ib yam li tsob ntoo qhuav thaum nws tsis muaj dej. Thaum cov hlwb plawv tsis muaj oxygen, lawv ntxhov siab thiab tso cov enzymes no tawm.
• Kev raug mob rau cov leeg nqaij plawv: Lwm yam ua rau, xws li qee yam kev kis kab mob thiab kev mob plawv hnyav, kuj tuaj yeem ua rau cov leeg nqaij plawv puas tsuaj. Cov enzymes no kuj sib sau ua ke hauv cov ntshav thaum ntawd.

Txhua yam mob no muaj kev kho mob sib txawv. Yog li ntawd, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom tau txais kev kuaj mob kom raug , vim tias thaum ntawd koj tuaj yeem tau txais kev kho mob zoo tshaj plaws thiab sai.

Lub hom phiaj ntawm qhov kev xeem biomarker ntawm lub plawv no yog dab tsi?

Cov kws kho mob kuaj xyuas cov qib ntawm cov cim qhia txog lub plawv no vim ob peb qho laj thawj tseem ceeb. Cia peb saib seb lawv yog dab tsi:

• Tshuaj xyuas seb puas muaj kev puas tsuaj rau lub plawv thiab lwm yam teeb meem: Qee zaum peb yuav tsis muaj cov tsos mob loj, tab sis peb yuav muaj teeb meem me me pib hauv peb lub siab. Qhov kev kuaj no kuj tseem tuaj yeem txheeb xyuas cov teeb meem zais cia.
• Tshawb nrhiav cov mob plawv uas ua rau muaj cov tsos mob xws li mob hauv siab thiab ua tsis taus pa : Qhov no yog kev kuaj mob uas feem ntau ua thaum muaj xwm txheej ceev. Yog tias koj mus rau tsev kho mob nrog mob hauv siab, qhov no yog ib qho ntawm thawj qhov kev kuaj mob uas cov kws kho mob yuav ua.
• Saib xyuas seb cov tshuaj kho mob plawv thiab phais plawv ua haujlwm zoo li cas: Tom qab koj pib kho mob plawv nres, cov enzyme no yuav tsum maj mam txo qis. Los ntawm kev saib seb qhov ntawd puas tshwm sim, koj tuaj yeem ntsuas qhov ua tiav ntawm kev kho mob.
• Kwv yees qhov kev kwv yees rau ntau yam mob plawv: Qhov ntawd yog, cov qib enzyme no pab kom tau lub tswv yim ntawm seb tus kab mob yuav nce mus li cas, nws hnyav npaum li cas, thiab qhov muaj feem yuav rov zoo li cas.

"Qhov kev xeem no zoo li ib phau ntawv uas qhia zaj dab neeg ntawm lub plawv. Nws muab cov lus qhia txog qhov tshwm sim rau lub plawv, nws lub xeev tam sim no, thiab qhov yuav tshwm sim yav tom ntej."

Qhov kev kuaj enzyme hauv lub plawv no ua nyob qhov twg?

Kev kuaj ntshav rau qhov kev kuaj enzyme hauv lub plawv no tsuas yog ua tau ob peb feeb xwb.

• Thaum muaj xwm txheej ceev: Yog tias koj muaj xwm txheej ceev, xws li mob hauv siab, thiab mus rau Chav Kho Mob Ceev (ETU) ntawm tsev kho mob, qhov kev kuaj ntshav no yuav ua tiav tam sim ntawd.
• Thaum tsis yog xwm txheej ceev: Qee zaum koj tus kws kho mob yuav hais kom kuaj qhov no, txawm tias thaum lub sijhawm kuaj mob niaj hnub lossis vim muaj lwm yam tsos mob. Yog li ntawd, koj tuaj yeem mus rau chav kuaj ntshav thiab kom lawv kuaj.

Muaj hom enzymes hauv lub plawv (biomarkers) twg?

Muaj ntau hom cim qhia txog lub plawv uas tuaj yeem qhia koj txog teeb meem plawv. Yuav luag txhua yam ntawm cov no yog cov enzymes lossis cov protein. Cov qib siab ntawm qee qhov ntawm cov no tuaj yeem qhia tau tias koj muaj kab mob plawv lossis lwm yam mob plawv.

• Troponin: Qhov no yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws thiab feem ntau siv biomarker . Cov kws kho mob xub saib cov theem troponin kom pom tias lub plawv puas tau raug mob los ntawm kev mob plawv nres lossis ACS. Cov theem Troponin pib nce hauv cov ntshav hauv ob peb teev (kwv yees li 3-4 teev) ntawm kev mob plawv nres, thiab tuaj yeem nyob siab txog li 12 teev. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws tuaj yeem nyob siab hauv cov ntshav rau ib lossis ob lub lis piam. Yog li ntawd, cov kws kho mob qee zaum rov ua qhov kev kuaj troponin no txhua ob peb teev lossis ob peb hnub kom nkag siab txog qhov loj ntawm kev puas tsuaj thiab qhov mob hloov pauv li cas.

• Cov Peptides Natriuretic (NPs): Cov no yog lwm hom protein. Lawv raug tso tawm rau hauv cov ntshav thaum lub plawv raug kev nyuaj siab ntau dhau, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv cov mob xws li lub plawv tsis ua haujlwm . Txawm hais tias cov kws kho mob tuaj yeem ntsuas ntau hom peptides no, feem ntau hu ua N-terminal proBNP (NT-proBNP) . Qhov no tuaj yeem siv los ntsuas seb lub plawv raug kev nyuaj siab ntau npaum li cas vim yog lub plawv tsis ua haujlwm.

Leej twg xav tau qhov kev kuaj mob enzyme (biomarker) no?

Koj tus kws kho mob yuav hais kom kuaj lub plawv enzyme no yog tias koj muaj cov tsos mob uas qhia tias koj muaj teeb meem plawv. Cov tsos mob no suav nrog:

• Mob hauv siab los yog tsis xis nyob:Qhov no yog cov tsos mob tseem ceeb uas feem ntau cov neeg ntshai. Nws tuaj yeem los ua ib hom lossis lwm hom. Rau qee tus, nws zoo li muaj kev nyem, rau qee tus, nws zoo li qhov hnyav, rau lwm tus nws zoo li kub hnyiab. Qhov mob no kuj tuaj yeem kis mus rau lub puab tsaig, caj dab, nruab nrab nraub qaum, xub pwg nyom, lossis sab caj npab sab laug.
• Kiv taub hau: Thaum lub plawv tsis ua haujlwm zoo, cov ntshav ntws mus rau lub hlwb tuaj yeem txo qis, ua rau kiv taub hau.
• Xeev siab los yog ntuav: Qee qhov mob plawv kuj qhia cov tsos mob no, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau cov poj niam.
• Hws ntau dhau: Yog tias koj xav tias txias thiab hws ntau dhau yam tsis muaj laj thawj, qhov ntawd kuj yog ib qho tsos mob uas yuav tsum tau them sai sai.
• Ua tsis taus pa: Yog tias koj pom tias nws nyuaj rau ua pa txawm tias muaj kev tawm dag zog me me, xws li nce ntaiv, lossis yog tias koj xav tias ua tsis taus pa txawm tias tsuas yog sawv ntsug xwb, qhov no kuj yuav tsum tau xav txog.
• Kev mob plawv tsis ua haujlwm hnyav zuj zus: Yog tias ib tug neeg twb muaj mob plawv tsis ua haujlwm lawm ces cov tsos mob yuav nce ntxiv sai sai (piv txwv li, o ntawm ob txhais ceg, ua pa luv luv zuj zus).

Yog tias koj muaj ib lossis ntau yam ntawm cov tsos mob no, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev uas yuav tsum nrhiav kev pab kho mob tam sim ntawd.

Cov kws kho mob siv lwm yam kev kuaj ntshav dab tsi los kuaj mob plawv nres lossis mob plawv puas?

Ntxiv rau qhov kev kuaj mob enzyme hauv lub plawv, koj tus kws kho mob yuav xaj ntau yam kev kuaj ntshav kom nkag siab zoo dua txog koj tus mob:

• Kev suav cov ntshav tag nrho (CBC): Qhov no ntsuas tus naj npawb ntawm cov qe ntshav liab, cov qe ntshav dawb, thiab cov platelets hauv cov ntshav. Nws pab nrhiav cov mob xws li ntshav tsis txaus.
• Kev Ntsuas Metabolic Basic (BMP) : Qhov no kuaj tej yam xws li electrolytes (xws li sodium thiab potassium), kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub raum, thiab cov piam thaj hauv cov ntshav.
• Kev Ntsuas Pa Hauv Cov Ntshav (ABG): Qhov no ntsuas qhov sib npaug ntawm cov pa oxygen, carbon dioxide, thiab acid-base hauv cov ntshav. Qhov no yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom nrhiav tau qhov ua rau muaj teeb meem ua pa.

Cov khoom siv thiab kev kuaj mob twg siv los kuaj mob plawv nres lossis mob plawv puas?

Ntxiv rau kev kuaj ntshav, koj tus kws kho mob yuav txiav txim siab ua ntau yam kev kuaj ntxiv kom paub meej tias koj lub plawv zoo li cas:

• X-ray hauv siab: Qhov no siv tau los saib tej yam xws li qhov loj thiab cov duab ntawm lub ntsws thiab lub plawv.
• Echocardiogram: Qhov no zoo li kev ntsuas ultrasound ntawm lub plawv. Nws tuaj yeem saib ze rau cov chav plawv, cov qhov dej, thiab lub plawv dhia li cas. Qee zaum kev kuaj echo tshwj xeeb hu ua Transesophageal Echocardiogram (TEE) kuj tseem yuav ua tau.
• Electrocardiogram (ECG lossis EKG): Qhov no sau cov haujlwm hluav taws xob ntawm lub plawv. Nws tuaj yeem ntes tau teeb meem nrog lub plawv dhia thiab cov tsos mob ntawm kev mob plawv nres.
• Kev ntsuam xyuas kev ntxhov siab ntawm kev tawm dag zog lossis kev ntsuam xyuas kev ntxhov siab ntawm lub plawv: Cov kev ntsuam xyuas no yog ua los saib seb koj lub plawv teb li cas thaum koj tawm dag zog.
• Angiogram: Qhov kev kuaj no yog ua los saib seb qhov twg muaj kev thaiv hauv cov hlab ntsha coronary uas muab ntshav mus rau lub plawv.
• Positron Emission Tomography (PET) Scan: Daim scan thev naus laus zis siab no yog siv los saib seb cov hlwb plawv noj qab haus huv npaum li cas thiab cov ntshav ntws zoo npaum li cas.

Lo lus nug, "Kuv puas muaj mob plawv nres lossis tsis yog?" yog ib lo lus nug loj. Thaum lub sijhawm zoo li no, koj xav tau cov lus teb meej kom txav mus tom ntej. Yog vim li cas cov kws kho mob siv cov kev kuaj mob plawv thiab lwm yam kev kuaj. Yog tias koj cov ntshav ntawm cov enzymes plawv siab, nws tuaj yeem qhia tau tias koj lub plawv puas lawm, ntxhov siab, lossis o. Tam sim no yog lub sijhawm los nug koj tus kws kho mob cov lus nug txog koj cov enzymes plawv thiab koj cov txiaj ntsig kuaj txhais li cas.

Tej yam tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum nco ntsoov (Cov Lus Qhia Coj Mus Tsev)

Zoo, yog li cia peb sau qee yam uas koj yuav tsum nco ntsoov los ntawm qhov peb tau tham txog:

• Cov enzymes hauv lub plawv yog cov protein uas tso tawm los ntawm cov hlwb plawv. Cov no sib sau ua ke hauv cov ntshav thaum lub plawv puas lawm.
• Kev kuaj enzyme hauv lub plawv yog kev kuaj ntshav yooj yim uas ntsuas cov qib ntawm cov enzymes no.
• Qhov kev kuaj no tuaj yeem nrhiav tau cov mob xws li mob plawv nres, lwm yam kev puas tsuaj rau lub plawv, thiab kev ntxhov siab ntawm lub plawv. Troponin yog lub enzyme tseem ceeb uas siv rau qhov no.
• Yog tias koj muaj cov tsos mob xws li mob hauv siab, ua pa nyuaj, lossis kiv taub hau, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum nrhiav kev pab kho mob tam sim ntawd.
• Tsis txhob muaj kev ua xyem xyav txog koj cov txiaj ntsig kuaj. Tham nrog kws kho mob thiab piav qhia txhua yam kom meej.

Koj lub siab yog koj tej khoom muaj nqis tshaj plaws. Nws yog koj lub luag haujlwm los saib xyuas nws. Kev paub txog cov kev xeem zoo li no yuav pab koj ua tiav lub luag haujlwm ntawd!