Koj puas xav paub meej tias Mast Cells yog dab tsi? Cia peb tham txog qhov no yooj yim xwb!

Tej zaum koj yuav tsis tau hnov ​​​​​​txog lub npe 'Mast Cells' ua ntej, puas yog? Tab sis cov no yog ib hom cell tseem ceeb heev uas tiv thaiv peb lub cev. Zoo li cov neeg zov me nyuam hauv peb lub cev. Txawm li cas los xij, qee zaum thaum cov neeg zov me nyuam no zoo siab me ntsis, peb yuav ntsib teeb meem. Hnub no, cia peb tham kom meej, yooj yim heev, txog cov mast cells no yog dab tsi, lawv ua haujlwm li cas hauv peb lub cev, thiab lawv tuaj yeem ua rau muaj mob dab tsi.

Mast Cells yog dab tsi?

Hais yooj yim xwb, cov hlwb mast yog cov tub rog tshwj xeeb hauv peb lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob . Lawv raug tsim tawm hauv peb cov pob txha . Tom qab ntawd lawv taug kev hla peb cov ntshav thiab nyob hauv ntau yam nqaij thoob plaws lub cev. Ib yam li cov tub ceev xwm nyob hauv ntau qhov chaw ntawm lub tebchaws, cov hlwb mast no nyob hauv ntau qhov chaw ntawm peb lub cev, npaj txhij los tiv thaiv peb ntawm kev hem thawj sab nraud. Lawv tuaj yeem tawm tsam ntau yam kab mob thiab pab tswj kev ua haujlwm ntawm peb lub cev cov kabmob.

Txawm li cas los xij, qee zaum cov mast cell no tiv thaiv ntau dhau thiab pib ua rau muaj teeb meem rau tej yam uas tsis muaj teeb meem rau peb. Yog tias koj muaj kev ua xua rau lub caij lossis mob hawb pob, ib qho laj thawj rau qhov no yog vim muaj kev ua haujlwm ntawm mast cell. Hauv qee kis hnyav, kev ua haujlwm ntawm mast cell tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev ua xua loj heev hu ua anaphylaxis . Yog li nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum paub txog qhov no.

Cov hlwb mast ua dab tsi rau peb lub cev?

Cov hlwb mast ua haujlwm zoo li peb lub cev 'lub cev ceeb toom' . Lawv tiv thaiv peb lub cev los ntawm cov neeg sab nraud nkag los, xws li cov kab mob xws li cov kab mob, cov kab mob me me thiab cov kab mob parasitic , nrog rau cov tshuaj lom xws li cov tshuaj lom nab thiab cov tshuaj lom muv. Lawv kuj tawm tsam txhua yam uas lawv xav tias ua rau muaj kev phom sij, txawm tias nws tsis yog. Thaum ntawd peb thiaj li muaj kev tsis haum tshuaj .

Tsis zoo li ntau hom qe ntshav dawb, cov qe ntshav mast tsis tua cov kab mob ncaj qha. Hloov chaw, lawv zaum zov hauv peb cov nqaij, tos kom muaj lub cim qhia tias muaj qee yam tsis zoo nkag mus rau hauv lub cev.

Cov hlwb mast ua haujlwm li cas?

Xav txog tias muaj ib yam dab tsi uas koj tsis nyiam, piv txwv li, ib yam hmoov av, paj ntoos, lossis ib yam khoom noj uas koj ua xua rau, nkag mus rau hauv koj lub cev. Lwm hom cell tshwj xeeb hauv peb lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob, hu ua B cell, paub txog tus neeg nkag los no. Thaum lawv paub txog nws, lawv pib tsim cov protein tshwj xeeb, hu ua antibodies, los tawm tsam nws. Cov antibodies tshwj xeeb uas tsim tawm lub sijhawm no hu ua Immunoglobulin E (IgE).Hais.

Cov tshuaj IgE antibodies no sai sai mus rau thiab txuas rau cov receptors tshwj xeeb ntawm qhov chaw ntawm cov mast cell, zoo li tus miv lub rau tes. Lub sijhawm tom ntej tus neeg nkag mus rau hauv lub cev (piv txwv li paj ntoos, hmoov av) dua, IgE ntawm cov mast cell yuav ntes nws.

Thaum ntawd cov mast cells "ua haujlwm." Nws zoo li lub tswb ceeb toom hluav taws kub tau nrov.

Thaum cov hlwb mast raug ua haujlwm li no, lawv mam li tso tawm cov tshuaj hu ua histamine thiab ntau lwm yam tshuaj uas khaws cia rau hauv cov hnab me me (cov granules khaws cia) hauv cov hlwb ntawd. Qhov no hu ua degranulation .

Cov tshuaj histamine thiab lwm yam tshuaj lom neeg no yog cov ua rau muaj cov tsos mob ntawm kev ua xua. Cov no suav nrog:

• Peb cov hlab ntsha nthuav dav, thiab cov kua dej sib sau ua ke hauv cov nqaij ib puag ncig, ua rau o . Qhov no tso cai rau cov hlwb tiv thaiv kab mob kom maj nrawm mus rau qhov chaw muaj kab mob, nqa cov kab mob nkag mus rau cov qog ntshav kom rhuav tshem lawv.
• Cov hnoos qeev (phlegm) ntau ntxiv.
• Cov leeg nqaij du hauv peb txoj kev ua pa thiab lub plab zom mov (cov hnyuv) sib zog thiab sim thawb cov tshuaj lom tawm nrog kev txav zoo li nthwv dej (peristalsis).

Tej yam no ua rau koj daim tawv nqaij liab, o, thiab khaus. Tej zaum koj yuav ntswg ntws, txham, lossis hnoos. Tej zaum koj yuav raws plab lossis ntuav. Hauv cov xwm txheej hnyav heev, cov txheej txheem no tuaj yeem ua rau cov hlab pa o, ua rau nws nyuaj rau ua pa, thiab ua rau cov ntshav siab poob qis, uas tuaj yeem ua rau muaj mob anaphylaxis hnyav, uas yog ib qho mob txaus ntshai rau lub neej.

Mast cell thiab homeostasis

Ntxiv rau qhov ua rau muaj kev ua xua, cov hlwb mast pab sib npaug ntawm ntau yam txheej txheem hauv peb lub cev, uas yog, tswj lub xeev ntawm 'homeostasis' . Nov yog ob peb yam piv txwv:

• Kev loj hlob ntawm cov hlab ntsha.
• Kev loj hlob ntawm pob txha.
• Kev loj hlob thiab kho cov hlwb ntawm txoj kev ua pa.

Cov mast cell nyob qhov twg hauv peb lub cev?

Piv rau lwm hom qe ntshav dawb, cov qe mast muaj tsawg heev hauv peb cov ntshav. Feem ntau, peb raug rau qee yam kev phom sij los ntawm kev ua pa nws, noj nws, lossis los ntawm qhov txhab ntawm daim tawv nqaij. Yog vim li cas cov qe mast feem ntau pom muaj nyob rau hauv:

• Hauv peb txoj kev ua pa thiab lub ntsws .
• Peb lub cev zom zaub mov (GI tract) (plab, txoj hnyuv).

Tsis tas li ntawd xwb, cov mast cell no kuj nyob ib puag ncig peb cov hlab ntsha thiab cov hlab ntsha.

Cov feem ntawm lub mast cell yog dab tsi?

Yog koj siv lub mast cell, nws muaj lub nucleus nyob hauv nruab nrab, uas yog "lub hlwb" ntawm lub cell. Nyob ib puag ncig lub nucleus no muaj ntau pua lub hnab me me zoo li cov qauv hu ua granules .Nyob hauv cov hmoov no, cov tshuaj lom neeg (cov neeg nruab nrab) no khaws cia rau hauv. Cov tshuaj lom neeg no yog cov uas xa cov cim rau lub cev thaum muaj teeb meem los rau hauv. Qee cov tshuaj lom neeg tseem ceeb no yog:

• Histamine: Peb tau tham txog qhov no ua ntej lawm. Nws ua rau cov hlab ntsha nthuav dav, tso cai rau cov kua dej thiab cov hlwb tiv thaiv kab mob nkag mus rau hauv cov ntaub so ntswg. Nws kuj tseem ua rau txoj hlab pa thiab txoj hnyuv me me, tsim cov hnoos qeev los pab thawb cov kab mob tawm.
• Cov Proteases: (Piv txwv li: tryptase, chymase, carboxypeptidase A). Cov Proteases yog ib hom enzyme uas rhuav cov protein. Lawv pab rhuav cov ntaub so ntswg sib txuas, uas ua rau cov hlwb tiv thaiv kab mob yooj yim mus txog thaj chaw ntawd.
• Cytokines/chemokines: Cov no yog cov protein me me uas qhia lwm cov hlwb tiv thaiv kab mob kom ua ntau daim ntawv theej ntawm lawv tus kheej, ua rau cov hlab ntsha "nplaum" kom cov hlwb tiv thaiv kab mob tuaj yeem thauj mus rau cov ntaub so ntswg, thiab nrhiav cov hlwb los ntxuav thiab kho cov chaw puas tsuaj.
• Heparin: Qhov no tiv thaiv cov ntshav kom tsis txhob txhaws, yog li nws pab kom cov hlab ntsha qhib.

Cov mast cell receptors

Cov hlwb mast muaj ntau lub receptors sib txawv ntawm lawv qhov chaw. Cov no yog cov protein uas muaj cov duab tshwj xeeb. Ib yam li tus yuam sij haum rau lub xauv, cov receptors no cuam tshuam nrog lwm cov protein signaling los ua kom cov hlwb mast ua haujlwm.

Ntawm cov no, tus IgE receptor, uas peb tau tham ua ntej, yog qhov paub zoo tshaj plaws. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov mast cell kuj muaj cov receptors rau lwm hom tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob (piv txwv li, Immunoglobulin G / IgG) thiab rau kev lees paub ncaj qha ntawm cov kab mob (piv txwv li, Toll-like receptors).

Cov mob dab tsi feem ntau cuam tshuam nrog cov hlwb mast?

Qee qhov mob uas peb pom feem ntau cuam tshuam nrog mast cells yog:

• Kev ua xua rau ib puag ncig (piv txwv li, hmoov av, paj ntoos, plaub tsiaj)
• Mob hawb pob
• Kev ua xua rau zaub mov
• Cov Pob Khaus Kub / Mob Pob Khaus

Cov kab mob mast cell tsawg tsawg

Tsis tas li ntawd xwb, muaj ntau yam mob tsis tshua muaj feem cuam tshuam nrog cov hlwb mast:

• Kab mob ua rau lub cev tsis ua haujlwm zoo (MCAS): Qhov no yog ib qho mob uas, tsis muaj laj thawj pom tseeb, cov tsos mob ntawm kev ua xua lossis anaphylaxis tshwm sim ntau zaus.
• Qee zaum muaj kev nce ntxiv ntawm cov mast cell hauv lub cev (Mastocytosis).
• Kab mob alpha-tryptasemia uas los ntawm noob caj noob ces / kab mob hypertryptasemia hauv tsev neeg:Qhov no yog ib qho mob caj ces uas tshwm sim thaum lub cev muaj cov enzyme hu ua tryptase ntau ntxiv, uas yog tsim los ntawm cov hlwb mast. Txawm li cas los xij, ntau tus neeg uas muaj tus mob caj ces no tsis muaj tsos mob.

Cov tsos mob ntawm tus kab mob mast cell yog dab tsi?

Cov tshuaj histamine uas tso tawm hauv cov kab mob mast cell tuaj yeem ua rau muaj cov tsos mob xws li:

• Tawv nqaij tsis zoo nkauj, liab, lossis khaus.
• Kev o (edema) .
• Ua pa nyuaj.
• Kev mob anaphylaxis rov tshwm sim.

Yuav ua li cas thiaj kuaj tau cov mob no?

Yog tias tus kws kho mob xav tias koj muaj teeb meem mast cell, lawv yuav ua cov kev kuaj mob zoo li no kom pom tias koj cov mast cell puas ua haujlwm:

• Kev kuaj zis.
• Kev kuaj ntshav.
• Kev kuaj cov pob txha.
• Kev kuaj tawv nqaij.

Tus kws kho mob tuaj yeem ua qhov kev kuaj tawv nqaij lossis kev kuaj ntshav kom paub txog cov teeb meem ua xua. Qee zaum lub chaw kuaj mob kuj tseem tuaj yeem ua qhov kev kuaj caj ces kom pom tias koj cov tsos mob puas yog los ntawm tus mob uas tau los ntawm noob caj ces.

Cov kev kho mob rau qhov no yog dab tsi?

Kev kho mob rau tus kab mob mast cell nyob ntawm koj cov tsos mob thiab yam ua rau lawv. Kev kho mob yuav suav nrog:

• Tiv thaiv cov teeb meem ua xua uas paub lawm.
• Cov tshuaj siv los tswj cov tsos mob. Cov no yuav suav nrog cov tshuaj antihistamines , cov tshuaj txo cov kua qaub, thiab cov tshuaj hloov leukotriene (piv txwv li, montelukast).
• Cov tshuaj stabilizers rau mast cell. Cov tshuaj no tiv thaiv kev tso tawm cov tshuaj xws li histamine los ntawm mast cell.
• Cov tshuaj siv los txo lossis kho cov tsos mob anaphylaxis. Cov no suav nrog cov tshuaj xws li epinephrine thiab omalizumab .
• Kev kho mob Cytoreductive/chemotherapy . Rau cov mob mastocytosis hnyav, cov tshuaj chemotherapy uas feem ntau siv los tua cov hlwb qog noj ntshav qee zaum siv.

Yog li, cov mast cell puas zoo lossis phem?

Feem ntau cov neeg tsuas hnov ​​txog cov mast cell thaum muaj teeb meem nrog lawv xwb, yog li koj yuav xav tias cov mast cell yog ib yam phem. Tab sis qhov tseeb, lawv pab tiv thaiv peb lub cev ntawm cov neeg ua phem thiab tswj peb cov kab mob. Yog li, feem ntau, lawv zoo.

Xav txog seb, lub tswb ceeb toom nrov. Pab neeg kev ruaj ntseg tuaj txog ntawm qhov chaw. Koj cov hlwb mast ua lub tswb ceeb toom, thiab koj lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob sib tw kom cawm hnub. Lawv yog ib feem tseem ceeb ntawm peb lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob. Tab sis feem ntau peb them sai sai rau cov hlwb mast thaum lawv zoo siab me ntsis txog lawv txoj haujlwm. Tab sis lawv kuj ua kom peb txoj kev tiv thaiv muaj zog thiab pab tswj peb cov hlab ntsha thiab cov kabmob. Yog li, lub sijhawm tom ntej koj txham, muaj qhov ntswg ntws, lossis xav tias khaus me ntsis, tsis txhob hnov ​​​​​​qab ua tsaug rau koj cov hlwb mast rau lawv qhov kev saib xyuas!

Tej yam yuav tsum nco ntsoov ua ntej

Yog li, qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws uas yuav tsum nco ntsoov los ntawm txhua yam no yog tias cov hlwb mast yog cov neeg tseem ceeb heev hauv peb lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob. Lawv tiv thaiv peb ntawm ntau yam kab mob thiab cov tshuaj lom los ntawm sab nraud. Tab sis, qee zaum thaum lawv ua rau muaj kev rhiab heev me ntsis, lawv tuaj yeem teb rau tej yam uas tsis muaj teeb meem, thiab ua rau peb muaj mob xws li ua xua.

Yog tias koj muaj cov tsos mob ntawm kev ua xua ntau zaus, xws li khaus tawv nqaij, ua pob khaus, ntswg ntws, txham, lossis ua pa nyuaj, qhov zoo tshaj plaws yog mus ntsib kws kho mob thiab tau txais kev qhia yam tsis quav ntsej. Tsis txhob txhawj, muaj kev kho mob niaj hnub no uas tuaj yeem pab tswj tau ntau yam mob no.

Cov hlwb mast, lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob, kev ua xua, histamine, anaphylaxis, kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov hlwb, cov tsos mob