Tourette Syndrome yog dab tsi? Cia peb tham txog nws yooj yim.

Koj puas tau pom tias qee zaum cov menyuam yaus me, thiab qee zaum cov neeg laus, ntsais muag tas li, lossis tsa lawv lub xub pwg nyom, lossis ua suab nrov hauv caj pas? Zoo li tej yam no tshwm sim rau lawv yam tsis muaj lawv tswj hwm, puas yog? Tourette syndrome yog ib qho mob hlwb uas ua rau muaj kev txav mus los lossis suab tsis tuaj yeem tswj hwm. Peb hu cov no ua tics hauv cov lus kho mob. Tsis txhob ntshai thaum koj hnov ​​​​​​qhov no. Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yog kom paub txog qhov no.

Hauv lwm lo lus, Tourette Syndrome yog dab tsi?

Mob Tourette syndrome yog ib qho mob hlwb uas ua rau ib tug neeg ua tej yam txav mus los lossis ua suab uas lawv tswj tsis tau. Cov no hu ua 'tics'. Piv txwv li, ib tug neeg yuav ntsais muag ntau zaus, qhib lawv lub caj pas, lossis hais cov lus uas lawv tsis xav hais.

Rau ib txhia neeg, kev kho mob pab tswj cov tics no. Tab sis rau lwm tus, cov tsos mob no tsis ua rau lawv mob heev uas lawv tsis tas yuav noj tshuaj li.

Tus mob no feem ntau pib thaum yau. Nws kuj tshwm sim ntau dua rau cov tub hluas dua li cov ntxhais. Qhov zoo tshaj plaws yog tias cov tsos mob no feem ntau txo qis thaum cov menyuam loj hlob tuaj. Qee zaum, lawv ploj mus tag.

Vim li cas qhov no thiaj tshwm sim? Yog vim li cas?

Cov kws kho mob tseem tab tom sim nrhiav seb yog dab tsi ua rau muaj tus kab mob Tourette syndrome, tab sis lawv ntseeg tias nws muaj feem cuam tshuam nrog kev hloov pauv hauv kev ua haujlwm ntawm ntau qhov ntawm lub hlwb. Cov kws tshawb fawb ntseeg tias kev hloov pauv hauv basal ganglia, uas pab tswj kev txav mus los ntawm lub cev; cov frontal lobes, uas tswj cov leeg nqaij; thiab cortex, uas pab sib txuas lus ntawm ntau qhov ntawm lub hlwb.

Ntxiv mus, qhov tsis sib npaug ntawm cov tshuaj uas nqa cov lus mus rau lub hlwb, hu ua 'neurotransmitters,' kuj tseem yog ib qho ua rau. Cov tseem ceeb yog '(dopamine)', '(serotonin)', thiab '(norepinephrine)'.

Ntxiv rau cov no, muaj lwm yam laj thawj uas tseem tsis tau ua pov thawj tag nrho, tab sis xav tias muaj feem cuam tshuam:

• Cov teeb meem thaum cev xeeb tub
• Qhov hnyav thaum yug los tsawg
• Kev raug mob taub hau
• Kev lom tshuaj carbon monoxide
• Kab mob hlwb

Qhov no puas yog ib yam dab tsi uas los ntawm ntau tiam neeg los?

Cov kws tshawb fawb ntseeg tias Tourette syndrome lossis cov mob tic zoo sib xws tej zaum yuav yog los ntawm noob caj noob ces mus rau qee qhov. Qhov no txhais tau tias tej zaum yuav muaj kev sib txuas ntawm caj ces. Txawm hais tias tseem tsis tau meej meej tias qhov no tshwm sim li cas, tus neeg uas muaj Tourette syndrome muaj li ntawm 50% feem pua ​​​​​​ntawm kev kis tus kab mob mus rau ib tug menyuam. Txawm li cas los xij, hauv qee tsev neeg, ntau tus neeg muaj tus mob, thaum rau lwm tus, tsuas yog ib tus neeg xwb thiaj li muaj nws. Tsis tas li ntawd, kwv yees li ib ntawm 20 tus menyuam uas muaj tus mob no tsis muaj keeb kwm tsev neeg ntawm tus mob no.

Cov tsos mob ntawm Tourette syndrome (Tics) yog dab tsi?

Cov tsos mob tseem ceeb ntawm Tourette syndrome yog "tics". Qee cov "tics" me me heev uas lawv tsis pom tseeb. Tab sis qee qhov tshwm sim ntau zaus thiab pom tseeb. Lawv tuaj yeem ua rau hnyav dua los ntawm tej yam xws li kev ntxhov siab , kev zoo siab, kev mob nkeeg, lossis kev qaug zog. "tics" hnyav qee zaum tuaj yeem ua rau txaj muag thiab cuam tshuam rau lub neej kev sib raug zoo lossis kev ua haujlwm.

Ua ntej muaj mob tics, tej tus neeg yuav hnov ​​​​​​mob tingling, mob tearing, lossis nruj hauv lawv lub cev. Qhov tsis xis nyob ploj mus thaum muaj mob tics, lossis kev txav mus los, tshwm sim. Tej zaum koj yuav muaj peev xwm nres cov tics ib pliag, tab sis koj yuav tsis muaj peev xwm nres lawv tag nrho.

Muaj ob hom kev ua "tics" tseem ceeb. Lawv yog "motor tics" thiab "vocal tics". Txhua hom no muab faib ua ob pawg: yooj yim thiab nyuaj.

Qhov tseeb txog kev siv lus phem (Coprolalia)

Ib qho ntawm cov tsos mob uas ua rau neeg tsis meej pem tshaj plaws ntawm tus kab mob Tourette syndrome yog 'coprolalia'. Qhov no yog kev hais lus tsis zoo lossis tej yam tsis tsim nyog hauv zej zog uas tsis raug tswj. Ib yam li ntawd, kev ua tej yam tsis zoo uas tsis raug tswj hu ua 'copropraxia'. Vim tias cov neeg uas muaj tus kab mob no tau tshwm sim hauv TV thiab hauv cov yeeb yaj kiab, ntau tus neeg xav tias qhov no yog ib qho uas tshwm sim ntau heev. Tab sis qhov tseeb yog, feem ntau cov neeg uas muaj tus kab mob Tourette syndrome tsis muaj 'coprolalia' lossis 'copropraxia'.

Lwm yam mob ntsig txog

Txawm hais tias qhov ua rau muaj qhov tseeb tsis meej, kwv yees li ib nrab ntawm cov neeg uas muaj Tourette syndrome kuj muaj cov tsos mob ntawm ADHD (Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder), uas txhais tau tias lawv muaj teeb meem mloog, tsom ntsoov, thiab ua tiav cov haujlwm.

Tsis tas li ntawd xwb, Tourette syndrome kuj tseem yuav cuam tshuam nrog cov mob no:

• Kev ntxhov siab
• Kev tsis taus kawm ntawv, piv txwv li dyslexia
• Kev puas siab puas ntsws obsessive-compulsive (OCD) yog ib qho mob uas tsis tuaj yeem tswj tau cov kev xav thiab kev ua tsis xav tau, piv txwv li, ntxuav tes tas li.

Tus kws kho mob yuav paub tseeb li cas tias qhov no yog Tourette syndrome?

Txawm li cas los xij, koj tus kws kho mob yuav tsum tau kuaj xyuas seb puas muaj lwm yam ua rau koj lub qhov muag tics. Piv txwv li, qhov muag ntsais tas li tej zaum yuav yog vim tsis pom kev zoo, lossis qhov ntswg tas li tej zaum yuav yog vim muaj kev ua xua. Hauv cov xwm txheej zoo li no, koj yuav raug xa mus rau kev kuaj ntshav lossis MRI scan ntawm koj lub hlwb. Koj kuj tseem yuav raug hais kom ua EEG (electroencephalogram), uas ntsuas cov qauv nthwv dej ntawm lub hlwb.

Koj tus kws kho mob yuav nug cov lus nug zoo li no:

• Dab tsi ua rau koj xav tuaj ntawm no hnub no?
• Koj lossis koj tus menyuam puas muaj kev txav mus los ntawm lub cev uas tsis tuaj yeem tswj tau? Qhov no tau tshwm sim ntev npaum li cas lawm?
• Koj puas hnov ​​cov lus lossis lub suab tawm hauv koj lub qhov ncauj yam tsis tau xav txog? Qhov no pib thaum twg?
• Puas muaj dab tsi ua rau cov tsos mob no zoo dua? Dab tsi ua rau lawv hnyav dua?
• Koj lossis koj tus menyuam puas muaj kev ntxhov siab lossis nyuaj rau tsom ntsoov?
• Puas muaj leej twg hauv tsev neeg muaj cov tsos mob no?

Ntxiv rau qhov ntawd, tus kws kho mob kuj xav txog cov qauv no:

• Cov lus "tics" puas yog ib feem ntawm ob pawg ntawm kev txav mus los thiab suab (lawv tsis tas yuav tshwm sim tib lub sijhawm).
• Txawm lawv tuaj pes tsawg zaus hauv ib hnub los xij, cov no puas yuav kav ntev li ib xyoos?
• Puas yog nws pib ua ntej hnub nyoog 18 xyoo?
• Cov no puas yog los ntawm cov tshuaj lossis lwm yam tshuaj?
• Cov tics puas sib txawv ntawm zaus, hom, qhov hnyav, lossis seb lawv puas yog los ntawm qhov yooj yim mus rau qhov nyuaj?

Cov kev kho mob rau qhov no yog dab tsi?

Tseem tsis tau muaj tshuaj kho tau Tourette syndrome. Txawm li cas los xij, rau feem ntau ntawm cov neeg, cov tics tsis hnyav txaus kom yuav tsum tau kho. Txawm li cas los xij, yog tias lawv cuam tshuam rau koj lub neej, koj tus kws kho mob yuav sau tshuaj rau koj.

Cov tshuaj

Muaj ntau hom tshuaj uas pab txo tau qhov mob "tics." Qee cov tshuaj no kuj raug sau rau lwm yam mob. Qhov ntawd yog vim cov tshuaj no kuj tau pom tias txo tau qhov mob "tics."

• Cov tshuaj uas cuam tshuam rau dopamine: Fluphenazine, Haloperidol, Pimozide, Risperidone.
• Cov tshuaj kho mob ntshav siab: xws li 'Clonidine', 'Guanfacine'.
• Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kev nyuaj siab: Fluoxetine (Prozac), Sertraline (Zoloft).
• Cov tshuaj rau ADHD: xws li 'Methylphenidate (Ritalin LA)'.
• Cov tshuaj kho mob qaug dab peg: xws li 'Topiramate (Topomax)'.

Kev Kho Mob

Ntxiv rau cov tshuaj, kev kho mob kuj pab tau zoo heev rau kev tswj hwm tus mob no.

• Kev kho mob nrog kev sib tham: Koj tuaj yeem tham nrog tus kws kho mob hlwb lossis tus kws kho mob uas tau kawm tiav los kawm paub yuav ua li cas nrog Tourette syndrome thiab lwm yam mob xws li ADHD, OCD, lossis kev ntxhov siab.
• Kev Kho Mob Txog Kev Xav thiab Kev Coj Tus cwj pwm (CBT): Qhov no suav nrog kev txheeb xyuas cov kev xav uas ua ntej cov tics thiab xyaum ua lwm yam los teb rau lawv. Qhov no tuaj yeem pab tau zoo heev rau kev tswj cov tics.
• Kev Siv Hluav Taws Xob Rau Lub Hlwb Sib Sib Zog (DBS): Qhov no tseem yog kev kho mob sim xwb. Nws yog siv rau cov neeg uas muaj mob hnyav heev uas tsis tau teb rau lwm yam kev kho mob. Hauv qhov no, ib lub cuab yeej raug phais cog rau hauv uas xa hluav taws xob rau cov qhov ntawm lub hlwb uas tswj kev txav mus los.

Cov lus qhia rau cov niam txiv uas saib xyuas tus menyuam uas muaj Tourette syndrome

Kev saib xyuas ib tug me nyuam uas muaj tus mob no tuaj yeem yog ib qho kev cov nyom rau cov niam txiv. Nco ntsoov tias, cov kev mob tics feem ntau tshwm sim thaum tus me nyuam tseem hluas thiab maj mam txo qis thaum lawv loj hlob tuaj.

Lub sijhawm no, ntawm no yog qee yam los pab koj:

• Tsis txhob yuam koj tus menyuam kom tsis txhob ua tics. Tej zaum yuav ua rau koj nyuaj siab thaum pom lossis hnov ​​​​​​lawv, tab sis kev sim tswj lawv tuaj yeem ua rau tus menyuam ntxhov siab ntxiv thiab ua rau qhov tics hnyav dua.
• Qhia cov neeg laus hauv tus menyuam lub neej. Qhia cov xib fwb hauv tsev kawm ntawv, tus tsav tsheb thauj khoom hauv tsev kawm ntawv, tus xib fwb qhia ntawv, thiab cov kws qhia uas tus menyuam siv sijhawm ntau nrog. Piav qhia qhov xwm txheej rau lawv thiab nrhiav kev txhawb nqa uas tus menyuam xav tau.
• Pab txhawb kom koj tus menyuam muaj kev ntseeg siab rau nws tus kheej. Txhawb kom koj tus menyuam kawm txog tej yam uas lawv nyiam thiab tej txuj ci (xws li kev ua si nawv, kev kos duab, suab paj nruag). Qhov no yuav pab lawv nrhiav phooj ywg, kawm tej yam tshiab, thiab tsim kev ntseeg siab rau lawv tus kheej.
• Qhia koj tus menyuam kom paub teb cov lus tso dag ntawm lwm tus. Tham nrog koj tus menyuam thiab cob qhia nws kom paub teb cov lus tso dag thiab cov lus nug ntawm lwm tus menyuam.
• Nrhiav kev txhawb nqa thiab. Nrhiav seb puas muaj cov pab pawg txhawb nqa rau cov niam txiv ntawm cov menyuam zoo li no. Qhov ntawd yuav muab zog rau koj ntau heev.