Koj puas tau muaj ib zaug uas koj xav tias koj tsis tswj tau ib sab ntawm koj lub cev, hais lus tsis meej, lossis pom kev tsis meej ib pliag, tab sis txhua yam rov qab zoo li qub hauv ob peb feeb xwb? Thaum koj muaj qhov kev paub zoo li no, ntau tus neeg xav tias, "Auj ... nws yuav tsum yog qaug zog." Tab sis qhov no tsis yog ib yam dab tsi uas koj yuav tsum tsis txhob xav tias yooj yim. Qhov no tuaj yeem yog ib qho cim ceeb toom, ib qho ua ntej txaus ntshai rau kev mob stroke loj uas tuaj yeem cuam tshuam rau koj lub neej. Hnub no, peb yuav tham txog qhov mob no uas ntau tus neeg tsis quav ntsej, tab sis nws tseem ceeb heev. Ntawd yog TIA, lossis Transient Ischemic Attack.
TIA yog dab tsi tiag?
Hais yooj yim xwb, TIA (Transient Ischemic Attack) yog ib qho kev tuag tes tuag taw ib ntus. Peb cov hlwb xav tau oxygen thiab cov as-ham kom ua haujlwm tau. Cov no tau txais los ntawm cov ntshav. Yog tias cov hlab ntsha uas nqa cov ntshav mus rau ib feem ntawm lub hlwb raug thaiv ib pliag, qhov ntawd yuav tsis tau txais cov ntshav. Peb hu qhov no tias '(Ischemia)'. Lub sijhawm no, lub cev cov haujlwm uas tswj hwm los ntawm qhov ntawd ntawm lub hlwb yuav nres ib pliag. Txawm li cas los xij, hauv TIA, qhov kev thaiv ntawm cov hlab ntsha no yog ib ntus xwb . Hauv ob peb feeb lossis ob peb teev, qhov kev thaiv yuav raug tshem tawm, thiab cov ntshav ntws mus rau lub hlwb rov qab los. Cov tsos mob kuj ploj mus.
Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yog tias TIA zoo li mob stroke thiab xav tau kev kho mob tam sim ntawd. Vim tias thaum cov tsos mob pib, tsis muaj leej twg tuaj yeem qhia tau tias qhov no yog TIA uas yuav kho tau hauv ob peb feeb lossis mob stroke loj uas yuav cuam tshuam rau koj lub neej. Yog li ntawd, tsis txhob nkim ib feeb.
Lub npe "Mini-Stroke" puas yog yuam kev?
Feem ntau cov TIAs hu ua "mini-strokes," tab sis qhov ntawd tsis yog lub npe tseeb. "Mini" ua rau peb xav txog qee yam me me thiab tsis muaj teeb meem. Tab sis TIA tuaj yeem cuam tshuam rau thaj chaw loj ntawm lub hlwb. Tsis tas li ntawd, TIA tuaj yeem ua rau muaj mob stroke loj hauv ob peb feeb, teev, lossis hnub.
Muaj ob qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm TIA thiab mob stroke loj:
1. TIA yuav tsum nres nws tus kheej. Tab sis mob stroke yuav tsis nres thiab yuav tsum tau kho.
2. Vim tias kev puas tsuaj rau lub hlwb mus tas li tshwm sim hauv kev mob stroke, nws tuaj yeem pom tseeb ntawm MRI scan. Txawm li cas los xij, vim tias kev puas tsuaj rau lub hlwb mus tas li tsis tshwm sim hauv TIA, MRI scan tom qab cov tsos mob tau zoo lawm feem ntau tsis qhia qhov txawv.
Cov tsos mob ntawm TIA yog dab tsi?
Cov tsos mob ntawm TIA zoo ib yam li cov mob stroke. Cov tsos mob no tshwm sim sai sai, yam tsis muaj lus ceeb toom . Ib lossis ntau yam ntawm cov tsos mob no yuav tshwm sim tib lub sijhawm.
| Cov tsos mob | Ib qho lus piav qhia yooj yim |
|---|---|
| Tsis muaj zog/tuag tes tuag taw ntawm ib sab ntawm lub cev (Hemiplegia) | Muaj ib qho kev xav tias loog lossis hnyav rau ib sab ntawm koj txhais caj npab, ceg, lossis lub ntsej muag. Zoo li koj yuav tsaug zog tsis taus. |
| Teeb meem hais lus (Aphasia / Dysarthria) | Koj tsis meej pem txog cov lus, tsis paub yuav hais li cas, lossis xav tias koj hais lus tsis meej thaum koj hais lus. |
| Rub ib sab ntawm lub ntsej muag | Thaum kuv sim luag ntxhi, ib sab ntawm kuv lub qhov ncauj rub qis. Kuv tswj tsis tau kuv cov leeg nqaij ntawm lub ntsej muag. |
| Teeb meem pom kev (Diplopia) | Koj cia li tsis pom kev hauv ib lossis ob lub qhov muag, koj qhov kev pom kev tsis meej, lossis koj pom ob yam tib lub sijhawm. |
| Kev nyuaj siab taug kev thiab poob qhov sib npaug (Ataxia) | Ua cas los xij, kuv kiv taub hau, taug kev tsis tau zoo, thiab zoo li kuv co tes co taw. |
| Mob taub hau tam sim ntawd, hnyav heev | Mob taub hau tam sim ntawd, hnyav heev, zoo li koj yeej tsis tau muaj dua hauv koj lub neej, tsis muaj laj thawj pom tseeb. |
| Kev tsis meej pem thiab nyuaj rau nkag siab | Nws nyuaj rau nkag siab txog yam uas lwm tus hais, thiab koj mam li nco qab tej yam xws li koj nyob qhov twg thiab lub sijhawm. |
Vim li cas qhov TIA no thiaj tshwm sim?
Kev mob TIA thiab mob stroke yog los ntawm tib yam. Qhov ua rau tseem ceeb yog kev thaiv ib ntus ntawm cov hlab ntsha uas xa cov ntshav mus rau lub hlwb. Muaj ntau txoj hauv kev uas qhov no tuaj yeem tshwm sim:
- Thrombosis: Thaum cov roj cholesterol thiab lwm yam tshuaj sib sau ua ke hauv phab ntsa ntawm cov hlab ntsha hauv lub hlwb (qhov no hu ua atherosclerosis), cov ntshav txhaws tuaj yeem tsim thiab thaiv cov hlab ntsha.
- Ib qho ntshav txhaws uas tau tsim los ntawm lwm qhov chaw mus rau lub hlwb (Thromboembolism): Xav txog ib qho ntshav txhaws uas tsim nyob rau hauv ib txoj hlab ntsha loj hauv lub plawv lossis caj dab ("carotid artery"), tawg tawm, mus nrog cov ntshav, thiab daig rau hauv ib txoj hlab ntsha me me hauv lub hlwb. Qhov kev pheej hmoo no siab dua rau cov neeg uas muaj mob hu ua "Atrial fibrillation", uas yog lub plawv dhia tsis xwm yeem.
- Mob stroke lacunar: Tus mob no kuj tseem tuaj yeem tshwm sim los ntawm kev thaiv cov hlab ntsha me me uas tob hauv lub hlwb.
- TIA Uas Tsis Paub Piav Qhia (Cryptogenic TIA): Qee zaum, txawm tias muaj kev kuaj mob ntau yam los xij, tsis muaj qhov ua rau TIA no tshwm sim.
Leej twg muaj feem yuav mob TIA ntau dua?
Muaj ib txhia neeg yuav muaj TIA ntau dua li lwm tus. Cov no hu ua cov yam ua rau muaj kev pheej hmoo. Ib txhia ntawm cov no peb tuaj yeem tswj tau.
| Qhov ua rau muaj kev pheej hmoo | Nws cuam tshuam li cas |
|---|---|
| Ntshav siab (Tshuaj ntshav siab) | Qhov no yog qhov tseem ceeb thiab txaus ntshai tshaj plaws. Ntshav siab ua rau cov hlab ntsha puas tsuaj thiab ua rau muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev txhaws. |
| Kab mob ntshav qab zib (Hom 2 Kab mob ntshav qab zib) | Thaum cov ntshav qab zib nce ntxiv, cov hlab ntsha raug puas tsuaj, ua rau muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm cov ntshav txhaws. |
| Haus luam yeeb | Kev haus luam yeeb ua rau cov ntshav tuab, ua rau cov phab ntsa ntawm cov hlab ntsha puas tsuaj, thiab ua rau cov ntshav siab ntxiv. |
| Cov roj cholesterol ntau (Hyperlipidemia) | Cov roj cholesterol phem (LDL) hauv cov ntshav tuaj yeem tso rau ntawm phab ntsa ntawm cov hlab ntsha, maj mam nqaim thiab txhaws lawv. |
| Kab mob plawv (tshwj xeeb tshaj yog 'Atrial fibrillation') | Lub plawv dhia tsis xwm yeem ua rau cov ntshav txhaws hauv lub plawv thiab mus rau lub hlwb. |
| Kev rog dhau (qhov hnyav ntawm lub cev nce ntxiv) | Qhov hnyav nce yog txuas ncaj qha rau ntshav siab, ntshav qab zib, thiab roj cholesterol. |
| Kev laus zuj zus | Qhov kev pheej hmoo nce ntxiv thaum cov hlab ntsha tsis yoog tau raws li hnub nyoog. |
TIA txaus ntshai npaum li cas?
Qhov laj thawj tseem ceeb uas ua rau TIA yog qhov xwm txheej ceev yog vim nws yog qhov ua ntej ntawm kev mob stroke loj. Thaum TIA tshwm sim, koj lub cev xa ib qho lus ceeb toom loj rau koj, hais tias, "Muaj teeb meem nrog cov ntshav ntws mus rau lub hlwb, ua ib yam dab tsi txog qhov no sai sai, lossis nws yuav ua rau muaj kev puas tsuaj loj heev."
Nco ntsoov tias, kwv yees li 20% ntawm cov neeg uas muaj TIA yuav mob stroke loj hauv 90 hnub tom ntej. Ib nrab ntawm cov neeg ntawd yuav muaj nws hauv ob hnub thawj zaug! Qhov ntawd txhais tau tias 48 teev tom ntej ntawm TIA yog qhov tseem ceeb heev.
Tus kws kho mob kuaj mob TIA li cas?
Thaum koj mus rau tsev kho mob nrog cov tsos mob ntawm TIA, cov kws kho mob yuav sim txiav txim siab seb nws puas yog TIA, mob stroke loj, lossis lwm yam mob. Lawv yuav siv cov kev kuaj no:
1. Nug koj kom paub meej ntxiv: Nug koj txog koj cov tsos mob, lawv tau muaj ntev npaum li cas, thiab koj muaj lwm yam kab mob dab tsi kom paub txog koj tus mob.
2. Kev kuaj lub cev thiab lub paj hlwb: Koj lub zog, kev sib npaug, kev hais lus, thiab kev pom kev raug kuaj kom paub seb qhov twg ntawm lub hlwb raug cuam tshuam.
3. Kev luam theej duab:
- Kev Ntsuas CT (Computed Tomography):Qhov no tuaj yeem thaij duab lub hlwb hauv ob peb feeb xwb. Nws feem ntau yog xyuas seb puas muaj ntshav hauv lub hlwb.
- Kev Ntsuas MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging): Qhov no tuaj yeem muab daim duab meej dua ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg hauv lub hlwb. Kev ntsuas MRI yog qhov tseem ceeb heev rau kev paub qhov txawv ntawm TIA thiab mob stroke uas muaj kev puas tsuaj mus tas li.
Ntxiv rau qhov no, kev kuaj plawv xws li "(ECG)", "(Echocardiogram)," thiab kev kuaj ntshav kuj tseem ua tau los nrhiav qhov ua rau.
Yuav kho cov TIA li cas?
Vim tias TIA tsuas yog ib ntus xwb, tsis muaj kev kho mob tshwj xeeb rau lub sijhawm ntawd. Txawm li cas los xij, lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb ntawm kev kho mob yog los tiv thaiv kom tsis txhob muaj mob stroke loj yav tom ntej. Qhov ntawd txhais tau tias kho qhov teeb meem tseem ceeb uas ua rau muaj TIA.
Cov tshuaj
- Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kev ntshav txhaws: Cov tshuaj xws li aspirin raug muab los txo qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev txhaws ntshav. Lwm cov tshuaj xws li clopidogrel kuj tseem yuav muab tau.
- Cov tshuaj kho mob ntshav siab: Yog tias koj cov ntshav siab, koj yuav tau txais tshuaj los tswj nws.
- Cov tshuaj txo cov roj cholesterol (Statins): Cov tshuaj xws li Atorvastatin lossis Rosuvastatin txo cov roj cholesterol phem hauv cov ntshav.
- Cov Tshuaj Anticoagulants: Yog tias koj muaj mob zoo li atrial fibrillation, koj yuav tau txais cov tshuaj muaj zog xws li Warfarin thiab Apixaban los tiv thaiv cov ntshav txhaws.
Lwm yam kev kho mob
Muaj tej lub sij hawm, yog tias cov hlab ntsha tseem ceeb hauv caj dab (lub 'carotid artery') tau nqaim heev, ntau txoj kev siv los kho nws kom zoo li qub.
- Cov txheej txheem endovascular: Ib lub catheter me me raug xa mus rau hauv cov hlab ntsha thiab qhov txhaws raug nthuav dav nrog lub cuab yeej zoo li lub npas (angioplasty) lossis lub cuab yeej zoo li stent raug ntxig rau hauv kom cov hlab ntsha qhib.
- Kev Phais Mob: Qee zaum kev phais mob hu ua carotid endarterectomy yog ua los tshem tawm cov roj cholesterol hauv cov hlab ntsha thiab ntxuav cov hlab ntsha.
Yog tias koj muaj TIA, koj yuav tsum ua li cas?
Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws uas koj yuav tsum nco ntsoov los ntawm tsab xov xwm no yog qhov no: Yog tias koj lossis ib tus neeg koj paub muaj cov tsos mob saum toj no ntawm kev tuag tes tuag taw, tsis txhob ncua ib pliag.
Tsis txhob tos kom txog thaum koj xav tias, "Auj ... qhov no yuav zoo dua me ntsis." Txawm tias cov tsos mob ploj mus li ob peb feeb xwb los xij, tsis txhob tsis quav ntsej lawv. Hu rau lub tsheb thauj neeg mob tam sim ntawd lossis mus rau Chav Kho Mob Ceev (ETU) ntawm tsev kho mob ze tshaj plaws.
Nco ntsoov tias, lub sijhawm yog cov hlwb hlwb. Txhua feeb uas dhau mus tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev puas tsuaj ntau dua.
Cov Lus Qhia Txog Kev Coj Mus Tsev
- Tus kab mob TIA yog ib qho kev tuag tes tuag taw ib ntus, tab sis nws yog ib qho ua rau muaj kev phom sij heev rau kev mob stroke loj.
- Cov tsos mob ntawm TIA (xeev siab ib sab ntawm lub cev, hais lus tsis tau zoo, ntsej muag poob qis) zoo ib yam li cov tsos mob ntawm mob stroke. Qhov txawv tsuas yog tias lawv ploj mus hauv ob peb feeb lossis ob peb teev xwb.
- Tsis txhob tso tseg cov tsos mob uas twb ploj mus lawm. Mus rau chav kho mob ceev (ETU) ntawm tsev kho mob tam sim ntawd.
- Lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb ntawm kev kho tus mob TIA yog kom tiv thaiv kev mob stroke loj yav tom ntej. Yuav ua li no, ua raws li koj tus kws kho mob cov lus qhia thiab cov tshuaj raws nraim.
- Kev tswj cov ntshav siab, ntshav qab zib, thiab cov roj cholesterol, tsis txhob haus luam yeeb, thiab ua raws li kev noj qab haus huv tuaj yeem txo qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm TIA thiab mob stroke.
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Tsis muaj lus teb tau muab tso tawm. Ntxiv koj cov lus tawm ntawm no thawj zaug.
Ntxiv koj cov lus