Thaum lub hnub ci rau peb lub tebchaws Sri Lanka, nws yeej ci tiag, puas yog? Peb coob leej ntau tus nyiam lub hnub. Peb ua tsis tau tej yam xws li ua si sab nraum zoov, ua haujlwm, mus rau ntug hiav txwv, thiab ua si cricket yam tsis muaj nws. Tab sis koj puas paub tias muaj ib yam dab tsi nyob rau hauv lub hnub ci zoo no uas peb lub qhov muag tsis pom, tab sis tsis zoo rau peb daim tawv nqaij? Qhov ntawd yog qhov peb yuav tham txog hnub no. Qhov no yuav yog ib yam dab tsi uas yuav tseem ceeb rau koj lub neej tas mus li.
Kev tawg UV yog dab tsi?
Hais yooj yim xwb, lub hnub ci ultraviolet (UV) yog ib hom zog uas lub hnub tso tawm. Cov teeb no peb lub qhov muag tsis pom vim lawv qhov wavelength luv dua li lub teeb ib txwm muaj.
Xav txog seb, thaum lub zog UV no los ntawm lub hnub tuaj txog lub ntiaj teb, nws pab peb lub cev tsim cov vitamin D. Nws yog qhov tseem ceeb rau peb kom muaj sia nyob. Tab sis qhov teeb meem yog, ntau dhau ntawm txhua yam tsis zoo, thiab qhov no kuj zoo ib yam. Kev raug cov teeb UV ntau dhau ua rau muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm mob qog noj ntshav ntawm daim tawv nqaij. Cov teeb UV no tsis yog tsuas yog tso tawm los ntawm lub hnub xwb, tab sis kuj los ntawm qee qhov chaw teeb pom kev zoo, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov uas siv los ua kom daim tawv nqaij tan, xws li cov txaj tanning.
Muaj peb hom UV tseem ceeb:
Cov teeb UV no muab faib ua peb hom loj raws li lawv qhov ntev ntawm lub teeb. Txhua hom ntawm lawv cuam tshuam rau peb daim tawv nqaij sib txawv. Cia peb saib seb lawv yog dab tsi.
| Hom UV rays | Cov nyhuv rau ntawm daim tawv nqaij |
|---|---|
| Cov teeb UVA | Cov no yog cov ua rau daim tawv nqaij ntsws, tawv nqaij tsis muaj xim (tan), thiab tawv nqaij kub hnyiab. Kev raug cov no mus sij hawm ntev yuav ua rau mob qog nqaij hlav. |
| Cov teeb UVB | Cov no ua rau cov tawv nqaij sab nraud puas tsuaj. Lawv tuaj yeem ua rau muaj cov pob liab thaum lub hnub, ua rau tawv nqaij dub, thiab ua pob liab. Qhov kev puas tsuaj no kuj tseem tuaj yeem ua rau mob qog nqaij hlav yav tom ntej. |
| Cov hluav taws xob UVC | Peb tsis muaj ntau yam yuav txhawj txog hom no, vim tias cov duab UVC yuav luag tag nrho raug nqus los ntawm huab cua ntawm lub ntiaj teb. Yog li ntawd, tsuas yog cov duab UVA thiab UVB thiaj li mus txog hauv av. |
Thaum koj daim tawv nqaij raug tshav ntuj kub, muaj dab tsi tshwm sim rau koj?
Muaj coob tus neeg xav tias kev raug tshav ntuj me ntsis ua rau koj daim tawv nqaij zoo nkauj thiab noj qab nyob zoo. Tiam sis qhov tseeb yog, kev raug tshav ntuj tuaj yeem hloov xim ntawm koj daim tawv nqaij, ua rau cov txheej txheem laus sai dua, thiab ua rau koj muaj feem yuav mob qog noj ntshav ntau dua. Nov yog qee yam uas tuaj yeem tshwm sim rau koj daim tawv nqaij:
- Mob qog nqaij tawv .
- Tawv nqaij ntsws.
- Cov quav hnav .
- Cov pob khaus ntawm daim siab tshwm sim thaum peb laus zuj zus.
Raws li lub sijhawm dhau mus, lub hnub lub teeb UV ua rau cov elastin fibers hauv peb daim tawv nqaij puas tsuaj. Xav txog nws zoo li ib txoj hlua roj hmab tshiab. Nws ncab zoo thiab rov qab mus rau nws cov duab qub. Tab sis ua li cas thaum nws laus lawm? Nws poob nws qhov elasticity thiab tawg yooj yim. Qhov ntawd yog qhov tshwm sim rau peb daim tawv nqaij. Thaum cov elastin fibers tawg, daim tawv nqaij pib sag thiab ncab. Nws kuj tseem mob thiab tawg yooj yim, thiab nws siv sijhawm ntev dua rau qhov txhab kom kho.
Yog li ntawd, txawm tias koj tsis pom ntau qhov kev puas tsuaj ntawm lub hnub thaum koj tseem hluas, koj yuav pom nws cov teebmeem thaum koj laus zuj zus.
Yuav piav qhia ntxiv txog kev hloov pauv ntawm daim tawv nqaij uas cuam tshuam nrog lub hnub:
- Cov qhov txhab ua ntej mob qog noj ntshav thiab cov qog nqaij hlav tuaj yeem loj hlob mus ua mob qog noj ntshav. Ib qho piv txwv yog Actinic Keratosis .
- Qhov tshwm sim ntawm cov qog nqaij hlav.
- Tawv nqaij tsis zoo nkauj, ua pob me me lossis daj ntawm daim tawv nqaij.
- Cov hlab ntsha me me hauv daim tawv nqaij pib tshwm sim rau ntawm qhov chaw (Telangiectasias) .
- Daim tawv nqaij ntsws (Elastosis) vim yog kev puas tsuaj rau cov fibers elastin.
- Kev puas tsuaj rau lub qhov muag, piv txwv li cataracts lossis macular degeneration.
- Kev laus ua ntej lub sijhawm.
Cov teeb UV ua rau mob qog noj ntshav li cas?
Qhov no yooj yim to taub heev. Thaum peb raug ntau dhau ntawm cov teeb UV, cov teeb ntawd ua rau peb cov tawv nqaij puas tsuaj. Hauv txhua lub cell muaj ib lub DNA molecule. Cov DNA no zoo li ib qho program hauv computer. Nws muaj tag nrho cov lus qhia txog yuav ua li cas ib lub cell yuav tsum loj hlob thiab nws yuav tsum ua li cas.
Cov teeb UV ncaj qha tsom mus rau DNA no. Tom qab ntawd DNA ntawd puas lawm. Nws zoo li tus kab mob kis rau hauv ib qho kev pab cuam hauv computer. Tom qab ntawd cov cell ua tsis tau lawv txoj haujlwm kom zoo. Lawv pib faib thiab nthuav dav yam tsis tswj tau, sai heev. Cov cell faib tsis zoo no sib sau ua ke los ua qog nqaij hlav . Cov qog nqaij hlav no tej zaum yuav yog lossis tsis yog qog nqaij hlav.
Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yog tias qhov ua rau mob qog nqaij hlav yog cov teeb UV los ntawm lub hnub. Thiab nco ntsoov, kev raug tshav ntuj thaum lub caij ntuj no kuj txaus ntshai ib yam li thaum lub caij ntuj sov.
Xyoo ntawm kev raug tshav ntuj ntau zaus tuaj yeem ua rau muaj mob Basal cell carcinoma thiab Squamous cell carcinoma . Txawm li cas los xij, yog tias koj tau txais kev kub hnyiab hnyav thiab cov pob liab ntawm koj daim tawv nqaij tsawg kawg ib zaug hauv koj lub neej, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog ua ntej hnub nyoog 18 xyoo, nws tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev loj hlob ntawm Melanoma , hom mob qog nqaij hlav txaus ntshai tshaj plaws, yav tom ntej.
Cov hom mob qog nqaij hlav tseem ceeb yog dab tsi?
Mob qog nqaij hlav ntawm daim tawv nqaij yog qhov uas cov hlwb tawv nqaij loj hlob tsis tau tswj. Muaj peb hom mob qog nqaij hlav ntawm daim tawv nqaij tseem ceeb:
1. Mob qog nqaij hlav hauv hlwb
2. Mob qog nqaij hlav ntawm lub hlwb (squamous cell carcinoma)
3. Mob qog nqaij hlav
Ntawm cov no, basal cell thiab squamous cell yog ob hom mob qog nqaij hlav uas pom ntau tshaj plaws (uas yog 95% ntawm tag nrho cov mob qog nqaij hlav ntawm daim tawv nqaij). Cov no suav tias yog cov mob qog nqaij hlav uas tsis yog melanoma , uas txhais tau tias lawv tuaj yeem kho tau tag nrho yog tias kuaj pom thiab kho thaum ntxov .
Txawm li cas los xij, Melanoma yog hom mob qog nqaij tawv uas txaus ntshai tshaj plaws thiab loj tshaj plaws uas pib hauv cov hlwb hu ua "melanocytes" uas muab nws cov xim rau daim tawv nqaij. Melanoma yog qhov ua rau 75% ntawm kev tuag los ntawm mob qog nqaij tawv. Yog tias tsis kho, tus mob qog nqaij no tuaj yeem kis mus rau lwm qhov ntawm lub cev, ua rau nws nyuaj heev rau kev tswj hwm.
Leej twg muaj feem yuav mob qog nqaij hlav ntau dua?
Txhua tus neeg tuaj yeem mob qog nqaij hlav ntawm daim tawv nqaij los ntawm cov teeb UV, tab sis qee tus neeg muaj kev pheej hmoo siab dua me ntsis.
- Rau cov neeg uas muaj daim tawv nqaij ncaj heev
- Rau cov neeg uas muaj ntau cov freckles ntawm lawv daim tawv nqaij
- Rau cov neeg uas daim tawv nqaij liab thiab kub hnyiab yooj yim thaum raug tshav ntuj
- Rau cov neeg uas muaj qhov muag xim dawb (xiav, ntsuab)
- Rau cov neeg uas muaj plaub hau daj los yog plaub hau liab
Nov yog ib qho tseem ceeb. Cov neeg zoo li peb uas muaj daim tawv nqaij tsaus dua muaj feem yuav mob qog nqaij tawv tsawg dua li cov neeg uas muaj daim tawv nqaij dawb dua. Qhov no yog vim tias cov xim melanin hauv peb daim tawv nqaij muab kev tiv thaiv los ntawm cov teeb UV. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov ntawd tsis tau txhais hais tias peb tsis mob qog nqaij tawv.Cov neeg uas muaj daim tawv nqaij tsaus kuj tuaj yeem mob qog nqaij hlav ntawm daim tawv nqaij, yog li kev tiv thaiv kuj tseem ceeb rau txhua tus.
Ntxiv rau xim tawv nqaij, muaj lwm yam ua rau muaj kev pheej hmoo:
- Yog tias koj lossis ib tug neeg hauv koj tsev neeg tau muaj mob qog nqaij hlav ua ntej.
- Yog koj ua haujlwm sab nraum zoov hauv lub hnub ntev heev (piv txwv li, cov neeg ua liaj ua teb, cov neeg ua haujlwm tsim kho).
- Yog tias koj nyob hauv thaj chaw uas muaj huab cua hnub ci.
- Yog tias koj tau raug tshav kub kub heev hauv koj lub neej.
- Yog tias koj muaj cov cim yug me nyuam loj, tsis zoo li qub ntawm koj lub cev.
Cov tsos mob ntawm mob qog nqaij hlav yog dab tsi?
Cov cim ceeb toom feem ntau ntawm mob qog noj ntshav ntawm daim tawv nqaij yog kev hloov pauv ntawm daim tawv nqaij . Qhov no feem ntau tuaj yeem yog ib lub qhov tshiab, ib lub pob ntawm daim tawv nqaij, ib qho mob uas yuav tsis kho, lossis kev hloov pauv ntawm ib lub qhov uas twb muaj lawm.
- Basal Cell Carcinoma: Qhov no feem ntau tshwm sim ua ib lub pob me me, du, zoo li hlaws lossis ua los ntawm roj hmab uas tshwm sim rau ntawm lub ntsej muag lossis caj dab. Qee zaum nws kuj tuaj yeem tshwm sim ua ib qho chaw tiaj tus, xim liab/liab lossis xim av.
- Kab Mob Qog Nqaij Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Qhov no tuaj yeem zoo li lub pob tawv, liab lossis ib daim tawv nqaij ntxhib, tawv, thiab tiaj tiaj. Cov no yuav khaus, los ntshav, thiab tawv.
- Melanoma: Feem ntau qhov no pib ua ib qho xim (dub, xim av) lossis ib lub pob. Txawm hais tias nws yuav zoo li ib qho cim yug me nyuam ib txwm muaj thaum xub thawj, melanoma feem ntau yog cov duab, ntug, thiab xim tsis sib xws.
Txoj kev ABCDE rau kev kuaj mob melanoma
Muaj ib txoj hauv kev yooj yim heev los pab koj nrhiav tau melanoma, uas yog ib hom mob qog nqaij hlav txaus ntshai, thaum ntxov. Nws hu ua txoj cai ABCDE . Thaum saib cov moles ntawm koj daim tawv nqaij, nco ntsoov cov no.
| Tsab Ntawv | Lub ntsiab lus (saib seb cov yam ntxwv no puas muaj) |
|---|---|
| A - Kev tsis sib xws | Yog tias qhov chaw ntawd raug faib ua ob sab, ib sab yuav tsis zoo ib yam li lwm sab. |
| B - Ciam Teb | Ntug ntawm qhov chaw ntawd yuav tsis meej, ntxhib, jagged, lossis tsis meej. |
| C - Xim | Qhov chaw ntawd tsis yog ib xim thoob plaws, tab sis yog kev sib xyaw ntawm ntau xim xws li xim av, dub, liab, dawb, lossis xiav. |
| D - Txoj kab uas hla | Qhov loj ntawm lub mole loj dua li qhov loj ntawm lub roj hmab cwj mem (6 hli) lossis loj zuj zus. |
| E - Kev Hloov Pauv | Kev hloov pauv ntawm qhov loj me, cov duab, xim, lossis qhov xwm txheej (piv txwv li, khaus, los ntshav) ntawm qhov chaw raws sijhawm. |
Koj yuav ua li cas thiaj tiv thaiv koj daim tawv nqaij ntawm lub hnub thiab txo qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm mob qog noj ntshav?
Txawm hais tias peb tsis tuaj yeem tiv thaiv tau tus kab mob qog nqaij hlav tag nrho los xij, muaj ntau yam uas peb ua tau los txo peb qhov kev pheej hmoo. Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yog ua kom cov cwj pwm no dhau los ua ib qho kev coj ua.
- Siv tshuaj pleev thaiv hnub: Siv tshuaj pleev thaiv hnub uas muaj SPF (Sun Protection Factor) ntawm 30 lossis siab dua. Siv ntau zaus 30 feeb ua ntej tawm mus rau hauv lub hnub. Yog tias koj nyob hauv lub hnub, rov siv dua txhua ob mus rau peb teev. Rov siv dua ua ntej tawm hws lossis ua luam dej.
- Hnav khaub ncaws tiv thaiv: Hnav khaub ncaws tes ntev thiab ris ntev uas npog daim tawv nqaij ntau li ntau tau.
- Hnav lub kaus mom dav dav: Siv lub kaus mom dav dav uas tiv thaiv koj lub ntsej muag, pob ntseg, thiab caj dab ntawm lub hnub.
- Hnav tsom iav dub: Siv cov tsom iav dub uas muaj kev tiv thaiv UV los tiv thaiv koj ob lub qhov muag thiab daim tawv nqaij nyob ib puag ncig koj lub qhov muag ntawm cov teeb UV.
- Tsis txhob mus rau lub hnub kub tshaj plaws: Tsis txhob mus rau lub hnub ncaj qha ntawm 10 teev sawv ntxov thiab 4 teev tsaus ntuj ntau li ntau tau. Qhov no yog thaum cov teeb UV muaj zog tshaj plaws.
- Ua ib qho kev kuaj xyuas daim tawv nqaij tsis tu ncua: Yam tsawg kawg ib hlis ib zaug, mus rau pem hauv ntej ntawm daim iav thiab kuaj xyuas tag nrho koj lub cev. Nrhiav cov chaw tshiab thiab kev hloov pauv ntawm cov chaw qub. Nco ntsoov txoj cai ABCDE.
Thaum twg koj yuav tsum mus ntsib kws kho mob?
Nws yooj yim heev. Yog tias koj pom muaj kev hloov pauv ntawm koj daim tawv nqaij uas koj xav tias muaj lossis ua rau koj txhawj xeeb, mus ntsib kws kho mob tam sim ntawd. Nws yuav yog ib qho chaw tshiab, ib lub qog, ib qho mob uas yuav tsis kho, lossis kev hloov pauv ntawm qhov chaw qub.
Hauv cov mob qog nqaij hlav, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog melanoma,Kev kuaj pom thaum ntxov yog txoj hauv kev zoo tshaj plaws los cawm txoj sia. Yog li ntawd, tsis txhob ncua sijhawm los ntawm kev hais tias, "Cia peb tos me ntsis ntxiv." Yog tias koj muaj kev tsis ntseeg me ntsis, nrhiav kev pab kho mob.
Qee cov lus nug uas koj yuav tsum nug koj tus kws kho mob:
- Yog tias raug tshav ntuj ntev ntev ces yuav muaj teeb meem dab tsi?
- Kuv muaj hom mob qog nqaij hlav twg? (Yog tias kuaj pom tias muaj)
- Dab tsi ua rau kuv mob qog nqaij hlav?
- Kuv yuav tiv thaiv kuv tus kheej ntawm lub hnub lub teeb UV li cas?
Cov Lus Qhia Txog Kev Coj Mus Tsev
- Qhov ua rau mob qog nqaij hlav ntawm daim tawv nqaij yog raug tshav ntuj UV ntau dhau los ntawm lub hnub.
- Txawm koj daim tawv nqaij xim li cas los xij, txhua tus neeg tuaj yeem mob qog nqaij hlav ntawm daim tawv nqaij, yog li kev tiv thaiv yog qhov tseem ceeb rau txhua tus.
- Tshawb xyuas koj daim tawv nqaij tsis tu ncua. Saib xyuas seb puas muaj cov pob tshiab, cov pob me me, lossis cov kev hloov pauv ntawm cov pob uas twb muaj lawm (tshwj xeeb tshaj yog ua raws li txoj cai ABCDE).
- Tiv thaiv koj tus kheej kom tsis txhob raug tshav ntuj. Siv tshuaj pleev thaiv hnub SPF 30+, hnav khaub ncaws uas npog koj daim tawv nqaij, lub kaus mom, thiab tsom iav dub. Tsis txhob raug tshav ntuj ntawm 10 teev sawv ntxov thiab 4 teev tsaus ntuj.
- Yog koj pom muaj kev hloov pauv txawv txawv ntawm koj daim tawv nqaij, tsis txhob ncua sijhawm thiab mus ntsib koj tus kws kho mob tam sim ntawd. Kev kuaj pom thaum ntxov tuaj yeem ua rau kev kho mob zoo.
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Tsis muaj lus teb tau muab tso tawm. Ntxiv koj cov lus tawm ntawm no thawj zaug.
Ntxiv koj cov lus