Wetin na DNA, Jin & Kromozom? Lɛ wi tɔk simpul wan!

Yu dɔn ɛva wɔnda wetin mek yu bi di we aw yu de? Aw dɛn kin disayd yu ia kɔlɔ, yu yay kɔlɔ, yu ayt, yu bɔdi shep, ɔl dis? Di ansa de insay dɛn tin ya we wi go tɔk bɔt tide, DNA , jin, ɛn kromozom . Pan ɔl we dɛn kin tan lɛk smɔl sayɛns wɔd dɛn, dɛn tin ya na rili simpul tin fɔ ɔndastand. Mek wi tek wan luk.

Wetin na DNA (Deoxyribonucleic acid)? Simply put am...

Tink bɔt yu wan ol bɔdi lɛk big instrɔkshɔn buk. Da buk de tɛl yu aw ɔl pat na yu bɔdi fɔ wok, aw yu fɔ luk, ɛn aw yu fɔ luk. dεn kכl dat sεt fכ instr כkshכn dεm `DNA (Deoxyribonucleic acid).` I de insay εvri sεl na yu bכdi. Fɔ tɔk am simpul wan, DNA na di blueprint fɔ udat yu bi.

Wetin dɛn mek DNA wit?

DNA gɛt in yon langwej bak fɔ rayt dis instrɔkshɔn buk. Da langwej de gɛt 4 lɛta dɛn. Dɛn na:

• Adenin (A) ɛn .
• Saytosin (Saytosin – C) .
• Tiamin (Timin – T) .
• Guanin (Guanine – G) ɛn .

Dɛn 4 kemikal bays ya na dɛn mek di “wɔd dɛn” we de na yu instrɔkshɔn buk, we dɛn arenj insay wan patikyula ɔda. Jɔs lɛk aw dɛn kin put wi Sinhala lɛta dɛn togɛda fɔ mek wɔd dɛn. Imajin, lɛk 3 bilyɔn pan dɛn bays ya de na mɔtalman bɔdi! 99% pan dɛm na di sem fɔ ɔlman. Dat 1% we lɛf na in de mek yu difrɛn frɔm ɔda pipul dɛn, yu yon yunik pɔsin. Yu nɔ tink se i wɔndaful?

DNA de mek kɔpi fɔ insɛf ɔltɛm. Dat min se i de mek kɔpi dɛn fɔ yu bɔdi in instrɔkshɔn manyual, lɛk kɔpi dɛn we dɛn rayt wit an. I de yuz di wɔd dɛn we dɛn kin mek bay we dɛn jɔyn dɛn bays dɛn de.

So wetin na jin?

Fɔ tru, di jin dɛn tan lɛk di tin dɛn we de mek yu bɔdi de bil . Sɔm jin dɛn kin gi instrɔkshɔn fɔ mek prɔtin. Di wok we di prɔtin dɛn de du na fɔ tɛl yu bɔdi wetin yu want fɔ gɛt na yu bɔdi. Fɔ ɛgzampul, tin dɛn lɛk di kɔlɔ we yu ia gɛt ɛn di kɔlɔ we yu yay gɛt. sכm jin dεm de kכd sכmtin we dεn kכl `RNA (Ribonucleic acid),` we de du כda wok dεm.

Aw wi kin gɛt jin?

Yu nɔ go ebul fɔ bay dɛn jin ya frɔm di jin stɔ. Yu get dem from yu mama en yu papa. Fɔ tɔk di kɔrɛkt tin, yu kin gɛt wan kɔpi fɔ yu jin frɔm yu mama in eg ɛn wan kɔpi frɔm yu papa in sperm . We yu dɔn gɛt tu jin, dɛn jin dɛn de kin sheb, mek kɔpi fɔ dɛnsɛf, ɛn wok te dɛn ful-ɔp yu wan ol instrɔkshɔn buk. Imajin, bitwin 20,000 ɛn 25,000 jin dɛn de na yu bɔdi!

Naw lɛ wi si wetin na di kromozom dɛn.

di kromozom dεm na strכkchכ dεm we lεk tכd. Dɛn de na di sɛntrɔm pan di sɛl dɛn, na di nyukliɔs. di kromozom dεm gεt DNA εn protin dεm. Dɛn kin gɛt difrɛn saiz dɛn. dεn mek dεm wit spεshal protin dεm we dεn kכl `Histones` we de mek dεn kompakt εn spεs aut insay di nyuklios. Jɔs tink bɔt dat, if dɛn histon dɛn de nɔ bin de, wi kromozom dɛn fɔ dɔn lɔng lɛk wi! Kromozom na di rayt instrɔkshɔn dɛn we yu sɛl dɛn kin gɛt we kin mek yu spɛshal ɛn spɛshal.

Ɔmɔs kromozom mɔtalman gɛt?

nכmal wan, pכsin we hεlth fכ gεt 23 pe kromozom dεm (46 in totכl). dis kromozom dεm dεn sheb to 22 nכmba pe dεm (dεn kכl dεm `autosomes`) εn wan pe fכ sεks kromozom dεm (di `X` εn `Y` kromozom dεm). Yu get wan pair from yu mama en wan from yu papa.

Bɔt nɔto ɔltɛm mistek kin apin we di sɛl dɛn sheb ɛn mek kɔpi. we dis kin apin, sכm pipul kin gεt εkstra kromozom insay wan pe (wan kכndyushכn we dεn kכl `Trisomy`) כ wan kromozom insay wan pe kin mis (wan kכndyushכn we dεn kכl `Monosomy`).

Wetin na di rilayshɔn bitwin DNA, jin, ɛn kromozom? Aw dɛn kin wok?

Dɛn tri tin ya, we na DNA, jin, ɛn kromozom, kin kam togɛda ɛn wok togɛda fɔ mek di pɔsin we yu bi.

• di kromozom dεm na di wan dεm we de kכri DNA insay di sεl dεm.
• DNA de wok fɔ bil ɛn mek yu mɔtalman strɔkchɔ kɔntinyu fɔ de.
• Jin na pat pan yu DNA we de gi yu yu yon fyzikal kwaliti ɛn mek yu difrɛn frɔm ɔda pipul dɛn.

Fɔ tɔk am simpul wan, we ɔl dɛn tin ya kam togɛda, yu bɔdi kin gɛt wan kɔmplit instrɔkshɔn we de sho aw yu sɛl dɛn fɔ biev.

Usay DNA de? Aw i tan lɛk?

DNA de insay ɛvri sɛl na yu bɔdi. bכku pan am de na di nyuklios (sεntrכm) fכ εvri sεl. sכm DNA de bak na di maytochכndria (di sכm כgan dεm insay di sεl dεm we de prodyuz enεji).

as fכ di we aw DNA de sho, i mek wit di fכ kεmikכl bays dεm we wi bin dכn tכk bכt: adenine (A), cytosine (C), thymine (T), εn guanine (G). Dɛn bays pe dɛn ya kin kam togɛda tu tu; A de pe wit T ɔltɛm, ɛn C de pe ɔltɛm wit G. Dɛn bays pe ya, togɛda wit wan shuga mɔlyul ɛn wan fɔsfɛt mɔlyul (we dɛn kɔl `nyukliɔtayd`), de mek wan shep we tan lɛk spiral stɛp (dɛn kin kɔl am bak `dɔbul hεliks`). Di bays pe dɛn tan lɛk di rung dɛn na stej, ɛn di shuga ɛn fosfɛt tan lɛk di anrɛl dɛn.

Aw di kromozom dɛn kin luk?

di kromozom dεm gεt wan strכkchכ we lεk tכd. di kromozom protin dεm (di `histones` dεm we wi bin dכn tכk bכt) de rap rawnd DNA, lεk tכd we de rap rawnd wan spכl fכ tכd, we de kכmprεs di DNA insay sכm sכm pat dεm fכ fit insay sεl dεm. Imajin, if di kromozom dɛn nɔ bin rap rawnd DNA lɛk dat, yu DNA go lɔng lɛk 6 fit frɔm wan ɛnd to di ɛnd!

Wetin na di Jɛnɛtik Kɔndishɔn?

Jεnεtik kכndishכn na sik we wan abnכmal jin de kכz. jεnεtik mכtεshכn na jin we nכ de kכpi kכrekt we di sεl dεm de sheb. Dat min se di we aw i de sikyud ɔ di we aw i shep difrɛn frɔm ɔda jin dɛn na di bɔdi. If yu gɛt wan chenj na yu jɛnɛtiks, yu bɔdi nɔ go ebul fɔ gro ɛn wok di rayt we.

Sɔntɛnde, yu kin gɛt dis jin muteshɔn frɔm yu mama ɛn papa. Sɔntɛnde yu kin gɛt di jin muteshon bak na yu bɔdi bay chans, witout ɛnibɔdi na yu famili we bin dɔn gɛt di muteshon ɔ jenɛtik kɔndishɔn bifo. Bɔku bɔku tin dɛn de we kin mek pɔsin gɛt jɛnɛtiks lɛk dis.

Aw di chenj dɛn we de apin na di jɛnɛtiks kin apin?

jεnεtik mכtεshכn kin apin we yu sεl dεm de sheb εn mek nyu sεl dεm. We di sɛl dɛn sheb, dɛn kin tan lɛk we yu de rayt di fɔs buk we yu bɔdi de yuz fɔ sho aw yu bɔdi de wok wit yu an. Bɔku ples de fɔ mek mistek pan dis prɔses. I tan lɛk se yu de skip wan pej ɔ wan chapta we yu de rid buk. If yu mek mistek (a genetic mutation), yu instrɔkshɔn manyual kin gi yu bɔdi di rɔng instrɔkshɔn. Sɔmtɛm di muteshon nɔr kin chenj di we aw yu bɔdi de woke. Bɔt sɔntɛnde di muteshon kin mek yu nɔ ebul fɔ wok fayn fayn wan. Ɔl dis dipen pan us kayn tin da jin de kɔd fɔ.

Test dɛn de we go ebul fɔ chɛk di wɛlbɔdi stetmɛnt fɔ mi jin dɛn?

Yɛs, bɔku tɛst dɛn de we dɛn kin du fɔ tɛst pɔsin in jɛnɛtiks. Dɛn tin ya kin yuz wan sɛmpul frɔm yu blɔd, skin, ia, ɔ if yu gɛt bɛlɛ, amniotic fluid. Dɛn tɛst ya kin no di chenj dɛn we de apin na yu jin, kromozom, ɔ prɔtin. dis tεst dεm kin sho spεshal jεnεtik kכndishכn dεm εn mכtayt jin dεm. Dɔn bak, if yu de op fɔ bɔn pikin, dɛn tɛst ya kin ɛp yu fɔ no di prɔblɛm we kin apin we yu bɔn pikin we gɛt wan sik we dɛn kɔl jenɛtik.

Aw a go ebul fɔ mek mi DNA gɛt wɛlbɔdi?

Fɔ mek yu DNA gɛt wɛlbɔdi, yu nid fɔ kia fɔ yu bɔdi fayn fayn wan. Bikɔs na yu DNA de mek yu gro ɛn aw yu de wok. Yu kin mek yu ɔl wɛl bɔdi bɛtɛ bay we yu:

• It tin dɛn we gɛt balans .
• Ɛksasayz.
• Mek yu gɛt wɛlbɔdi wet.
• Nɔ smok ɛn yuz tin dɛn we dɛn kin yuz fɔ smok .

Wetin na Homologous Kromozom?

homologous kromozom na tu kromozom, wan frכm di mama εn wan frכm di papa. Dɛn ɔl tu fɔ gɛt di sem jɛnɛtik infɔmeshɔn, na di sem ples. di kromozom dεm kin bi bak we nכ homologous. Dis min se di jεnεtik infכmeshכn we dεn gεt difrεn, כ de na difrεn ples.

Fɔ dɔn, wetin fɔ mɛmba (Take-Home Message) .

Yu DNA, yu jin, ɛn kromozom na sɔm pan di impɔtant pat dɛn we de mek yu bi udat yu bi. Pan ɔl we dɛn tu smɔl fɔ mek dɛn si wit di yay, di wok we dɛn de du rili wɔndaful ɛn i rili big. So, na yu fɔ fala wɛlbɔdi layf ɛn kip yu DNA, jin, ɛn kromozom fɔ wok fayn. If yu lɛk yusɛf, tink bɔt dɛn smɔl padi dɛn ya we de insay yu bɔdi. Na if dɛn wɛl nɔmɔ yu go ebul fɔ wɛl.