Ekigambo "ADHD" tukiwulira nnyo ennaku zino, si bwe kiri? Oboolyawo ekigambo kino okiwulira ng’oyogera ku mwana wo, oba omwana w’oluganda oba mukwano gwo. Abantu abamu balowooza nti "okufaayo okuyitiridde" kwokka. Naye mu butuufu ADHD mbeera erina ebyafaayo by’obujjanjabi ebizito ennyo okusinga eyo. Kale leero, ka twogere ku ngeri abasawo gye baasooka okuzuula embeera eno eyitibwa ADHD, engeri gye yakyuka okumala ekiseera, ne bye tugimanyi leero.
Embeera eno yasooka kuzuulibwa etya?
Emboozi eno tetandika jjo, wabula emyaka egisukka mu 200 egiyise. Teebereza, mu 1798 , omusawo Omuscotland, Sir Alexander Crichton, yalaba ekintu ekyewuunyisa. Yakirabye nti abantu abamu bafuna obuzibu bungi nnyo okusigala nga bassa essira ku kintu kimu ng’abalala, ebirowoozo byabwe byali bitaayaaya buli kiseera. Ekisinga obukulu kwe kuba nti baalina embeera eno okuva mu buto. Ekyo leero kye tuyita ADHD (Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder) kifaanagana nnyo n’embeera eyo.
Awo, mu 1902 , omusawo omulala ayitibwa Sir George Frederic Still yategeeza ku kibinja ky’abaana abaali balamu obulungi era nga tebalina bulemu bwa magezi. Abaana bano baali ba bbugumu nnyo, nga bazibuwalirwa okufuga okufaayo kwabwe n’okwefuga. Yaloopa ku balenzi 15 n’abawala 5. Leero tukyakimanyi nti abalenzi batera okuzuulibwa nga balina obulwadde bwa ADHD okusinga abawala. Kale oyinza okulowooza ku ngeri ebyo bye weetegereza gye byali ebituufu, nedda?
Engeri erinnya "hyperkinetic" gye lyajja
Ekiseera bwe kyagenda kiyitawo, okunoonyereza okulala kwakolebwa ku nsonga eno. Mu 1932, abasawo babiri Abagirimaani, Franz Kramer ne Hans Polnau, baayogera ku mbeera eyitibwa "Hyperkinetic Disease." Mu ngeri ennyangu, abaana abalina embeera eno kibazibuwalira okutuula nga basirise . Tebagoberera mateeka, ekiyinza okutaataaganya emirimu mu kibiina. Era bafuna obuzibu okukolera awamu n’abaana abalala.
Embeera eno yatandika ku myaka emito, nga wa myaka 3-4, n’etuuka ku ntikko ku myaka nga 6. Naye ekirungi nti abaana we baatuukira nga bawezezza emyaka nga 7, obutawummula buno bwakendeera katono, era bangi, embeera yatereera nga bakaddiwa.
Eddagala erisooka ku ADHD n’okujja kwa Ritalin
Kino kintu kya njawulo nnyo. Mu 1937 , omusawo Omumerika ayitibwa Charles Bradley yakiraba nti bwe yawa abaana abamu eddagala eriweweeza ku bulwadde bwa Benzedrine, enneeyisa yaabwe yatereera. Teyakoma awo, naye n’emirimu gyabwe egy’okusoma gyatereera.
Lowooza ku kino, tutera okulowooza nti abaana bwe baweebwa eddagala erizimba, bajja kwongera okuba abayaaye. Naye mu mbeera eno, kyali kikyuka. Kino kye kyaleetera abasawo okutegeera nti ADHD ekwatagana ne kemiko w'obwongo .
Eddagala erisinga okuwandiikibwa ku ADHD ennaku zino ye methylphenidate. Yasooka kuleetebwa ku katale mu 1954 wansi w'erinnya lya Ritalin . Yasooka kukozesebwa kujjanjaba bintu ng’obukoowu obutawona, naye oluvannyuma kyazuulibwa nti kikola bulungi nnyo mu kufuga obubonero bwa ADHD.
Okuva ku ADD okudda ku ADHD: Engeri erinnya gye lyakyuka
Erinnya ly’obuzibu buno likyuse okumala ekiseera, okusinga olw’okumanya kwaffe ku buzibu buno kweyongedde. Enkyukakyuka zino zirabika bulungi mu kitabo ekiyitibwa Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM), ekyafulumizibwa ekibiina ekigatta abasawo b’emitwe mu Amerika.
| Omwaka | Erinnya n’ennyonnyola ebikozesebwa |
|---|---|
| 1968. Omuwandiisi w’ebitabo | Hyperkinetic reaction of childhood: Essira lisinga kulissa ku kukola emirimu egy’amaanyi. |
| 1980. Omuwandiisi w’ebitabo | Obuzibu bw’okubulwa ebirowoozo (ADD): Ebika bibiri ebikulu byayingizibwa wano. ADD nga erimu okukola ennyo ate ADD nga temuli kukola nnyo. Eno njawulo nnene, kubanga era yassa essira ku baana abaali abayaaye, wabula nga bamala kufaayo bubi. |
| 1987. Omuwandiisi w’ebitabo | Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD): Erinnya erigatta obubonero busatu obw’obutafaayo, obutafaayo, n’okukola ennyo. |
Okutegeera ADHD leero
Leero, abasawo batunuulira ADHD mu ngeri egazi. Okusinziira ku kitabo kya DSM ekisembyeyo, ekyafulumizibwa mu 2013 , waliwo "enyanjula" enkulu ssatu eza ADHD. "Eyanjula" ngeri yokka obubonero gye bulabika . Ekikulu, ennyanjula zino zisobola okukyuka mu bulamu bw’omuntu .
| Enyanjula ya ADHD | Mu ngeri ennyangu... |
|---|---|
| Okusinga Obutafaayo | Abantu bano kibazibuwalira okusigala ku mulamwa, okugoberera ebiragiro, n’okutegeka emirimu. Bayinza okulabika ng’ababuze mu nsi ey’ekirooto. Naye balabika si ba mivuyo nnyo. |
| Okusinga ba Hyperactive-Impulsive | Abantu bano tebasobola kusigala mu kifo kimu, bulijjo baba ba fidgeting, badduka, era babuuka. Tebasobola kulinda kiseera kyabwe. Babuuka wakati mu mboozi z'abantu abalala. Beeyisa nga tebalowoozezza. |
| Nga bigattiddwa wamu | Abantu bano balina engeri z’ebika byombi ebyogeddwako waggulu. Kwe kugamba, balina obuzibu bw’okussaayo omwoyo n’okukola ennyo. |
Ekirala ekikulu kiri nti kati abasawo bakkiriza nti ADHD tekoma mu buto bwokka, era nti obubonero buno era busobola okubaawo mu bukulu .
Obujjanjabi obupya n’ebiseera eby’omu maaso
Ebirungo ebizimba omubiri bikyali ddagala erisinga okukozesebwa ku ADHD. Wabula kati waliwo eddagala eddala lingi ng’oggyeeko Ritalin. Eddagala eritali lya kuzimba nalyo lyatandikibwawo oluvannyuma lwa 2002. Eby’okulabirako mulimu atomoxetine ne guanfacine.
Naye ekisinga obukulu, bw’oba oteebereza nti ggwe oba omwana wo olina ADHD, yogerako n’omusawo alina ebisaanyizo ku nsonga eno. Ye asobola okuzuula obulungi embeera eno era bwe kiba kyetaagisa, n’akuwa amagezi ku ddagala n’obujjanjabi obw’enneeyisa . Tosalawo ng’osinziira ku by’owulira.
Bwe tutunuulira ebyafaayo by’obulwadde bwa ADHD, tulaba nti si kintu ekyaakagwawo, wabula ekintu ekibadde kitegeerekeka mpolampola okuyita mu kukola ennyo kw’abasawo ne bannassaayansi okumala emyaka mingi. N’olwekyo, kikulu nnyo okulowooza ku mbeera eno mu ngeri ya ssaayansi.
Obubaka Obutwala Awaka
- ADHD si kipya. Lirina ebyafaayo by’obusawo ebiwanvu, nga bya myaka egisukka mu 200 emabega.
- Kino si "a bit of mischief" oba "obugayaavu" byokka. Embeera ya bujjanjabi ddala ekwatagana n'enkola y'obwongo.
- ADHD esobola okweyoleka mu nnyanjula ez’enjawulo. Abantu abamu baba n’obutafaayo bwokka, abamu balina okukola ennyo, ate abalala bayinza okuba nga byombi.
- Embeera eno tesobola kukwata baana bokka wabula n’abantu abakulu.
- Leero, waliwo obujjanjabi obukola ennyo ku ADHD, naye okusalawo kuno kwonna kulina okukolebwa omusawo wo.
- Bw’oba olowooza nti ggwe oba omwana wo muyinza okuba n’obubonero buno, nsaba oyogere n’omusawo w’amaka go oba omukugu ku nsonga eno.
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