Obadde okimanyi nti bwe tulwala, bwe tukwata omusujja, olutalo olunene lugenda mu maaso munda mu mibiri gyaffe? Ebiziyiza omubiri gwaffe gwennyini birwanagana n’obuwuka, kwe kugamba, abalumbaganyi, okuva ebweru mu ngeri etalabika. Abajaasi abasinga okuba ab’enjawulo era abalina obukugu mu ggye lino ery’ebyokwerinda be ‘antibodies’ ze twogerako leero. Awatali bino, ne bwe kiba nti omusujja omutono guyinza okutuyingiza mu buzibu bungi.
Mu ngeri ennyangu, antibodies zino ze ziruwa?
Okusobola okutegeera kino, ka tutwale ekyokulabirako ekitono. Kuba akafaananyi ng’omubiri gwo nsi ekuumibwa obulungi. Ababbi n’abalabe basobola okuva ebweru w’eggwanga lino. Ekyo kitegeeza ebintu nga bakitiriya, akawuka, ffene, n’obutwa. Ekintu kyonna eky'obulabe eri omubiri gwaffe era nga kiva ebweru tukiyita antigen . Mu ngeri ennyangu, antigen kirungo ekiyingira mu mubiri gwaffe.
Kati, omulumbaganyi ono (Antigen) bw’ayingira mu mubiri, enkola yaffe ey’okwekuuma, abaserikale b’omubiri, bagitegeera. Amangu ago eweereza akabonero akagamba nti, "Wano wajja omuntu atamanyiddwa!" Mu kaseera ako, abaserikale baffe abaserikale bakola ekika kya puloteyina eky’enjawulo ekiyitibwa antibody okulwanyisa ekiwuka kino n’okukisaanyawo. Kale, antibody eringa omupoliisi oba omujaasi mu mubiri gwaffe.
Ekigambo ekirala ekikozesebwa ku buziyiza obuziyiza endwadde ye Immunoglobulin . Oyinza okulaba erinnya lino nga lifunzibwa nga (Ig) ku zimu ku lipoota zo ez’okukebera omusaayi.
Obuziyiza buno bukolebwa butya? Bakolera wa?
Obutoffaali bwa B, ekika ky’obutoffaali obweru mu mubiri gwaffe, bukola ng’amakolero agakola obutoffaali buno obuziyiza endwadde. Antigen oba obuwuka bwe bukwatagana n’akatoffaali ka B, akatoffaali ka B kaawukana mangu ne kakola enkumi n’enkumi za kkopi zaako. Obutoffaali buno obupya tubuyita obutoffaali bwa plasma. Obutoffaali buno obwa plasma bwe bukola obukadde n’obukadde bw’obutoffaali obuziyiza endwadde ne bubufulumya mu musaayi n’enkola y’amazzi.
Olwo obuziyiza buno butambula mu mubiri gwonna, ne bunoonya abalumbaganyi abo, ne bubakwata, ne bubasaanyaawo.
Obuziyiza buno busangibwa mu bifo bingi mu mibiri gyaffe:
- Mu musaayi
- Omubiri
- Mu mawuggwe
- Mu maziga
- Mu ntuuyo
- Naddala mu mata g’amabeere
Yee, amata amabisi maama g’afulumya mu nnaku ezisooka ng’omwana amaze okuzaalibwa, agayitibwa colostrum, galimu obutoffaali obuziyiza endwadde bungi nnyo. Eno y’ensonga lwaki okuyonsa kyongera nnyo ku buziyiza bw’omwana. Omwana afuna ebintu ebikuuma okuva mu mubiri gwa maama butereevu.
Waliwo ebika bya antibodies 5 - si byonna nti bikola kintu kimu!
Nga bwe waliwo regiments ez’enjawulo mu magye gaffe ag’ebyokwerinda, antibodies zaawulwamu ebika 5 ebikulu. Buli kika kirina omulimu ogw’enjawulo. Ka tulabe kye bali.
| Ekika ky’obutoffaali obuziyiza endwadde | Omulimu omukulu n'eby'enjawulo |
|---|---|
| Obusimu obuziyiza endwadde G (IgG) . | Kino kye kika ekisinga okubeera mu musaayi gwaffe. Zino ze zijjukira yinfekisoni ezaaliwo emabega era nga zeetegefu okuzirwanyisa singa obuwuka bwe bumu budda. Antibodies zino eza IgG nazo zisalako enseke ne zikuuma omwana ali mu lubuto. |
| Ekirungo kya immunoglobulin A (IgA) . | Bino bisinga kusangibwa mu bitundu by’omubiri ebiyitibwa mucous membranes eby’ennyindo, emimiro, amawuggwe n’enkola y’okugaaya emmere. Kino kitegeeza nti ze miryango obuwuka mwe bayita okuyingira mu mubiri. Era zibeera nnyingi mu mata g’amabeere. |
| Obusimu obuziyiza endwadde M (IgM) . | Obulwadde obupya bwe bukuba omubiri, abajaasi bano aba IgM be basooka okugenda mu lutalo. Eno y’ensonga lwaki emiwendo gya IgM gikeberebwa okuzuula oba yinfekisoni eyaakagwawo. |
| Obusimu obuziyiza endwadde E (IgE) . | Bano be basinga okuzannya alergy. Emiwendo gya IgE gyeyongera ng’omubiri gukola ebintu ng’enfuufu, obukuta, n’emmere ezimu. Era zirwanyisa obuwuka obusirikitu. |
| Ekirungo ekiziyiza endwadde D (IgD) . | Bino bisangibwa mu bungi obutono ennyo mu musaayi. Wadde nga kirowoozebwa nti ziyamba obutoffaali bwa B okukola, omulimu gwazo omutuufu gukyanoonyezebwa. |
Antibodies ezikolebwa mu laabu? Antibodies zino eziyitibwa monoclonal antibodies ze ziruwa?
Oluusi, obutoffaali obuziyiza endwadde omubiri gwaffe bwe gukola mu butonde bwokka buyinza obutasobola kulwanyisa bulwadde. Mu mbeera ng’ezo, bannassaayansi bakola ekika eky’enjawulo eky’obutafaali obuziyiza endwadde mu laboratory. Zino ziyitibwa Antibodies eza Monoclonal Antibodies .
Bino biringa okusindika mizayiro gy’egenda. Antibodies zino zikoleddwa okutunuulira n’okulumba obutoffaali obw’enjawulo bwokka (e.g., obutoffaali bwa kookolo) oba puloteyina ereeta obulwadde obw’enjawulo. Enkola eno ey'obujjanjabi era eyitibwa immunotherapy .
Enkola eno ey’okujjanjaba kati ekozesebwa ku ndwadde eziwerako.
| Embeera ezimu obujjanjabi bwa monoclonal antibody therapy kwe bukozesebwa |
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Ka twogere ku mikolo egy’enjawulo.
Bwe twogera ku buziyiza obuziyiza endwadde, waliwo emisango mitono egy’enjawulo gye tutera okuwulira.
COVID-19 n'obutafaali obuziyiza endwadde
Olw’ekirwadde kya COVID-19, ffenna twatandika okuwulira ku antibodies.
- Bw’oba owonye ekirwadde kya COVID-19, omubiri gwo gufunye obutoffaali obulwanyisa akawuka kano.
- Bw’oba ofunye eddagala eriweweeza ku COVID-19, era lijja kusitula omubiri gwo okukola eddagala eriziyiza obuwuka obuleeta endwadde.
- Ekisinga obukulu: Omuntu eyawona ekirwadde kya COVID-19 bw’afuna eddagala erigema, okuddamu kw’obusimu bw’omubiri (antibody response) kw’omuntu oyo kweyongera amaanyi. Obukuumi bwe buwa nabwo busingako.
Osobola okwekebeza antibody okulaba oba olina obutoffaali obulwanyisa COVID mu mubiri gwo. Wabula okunoonyereza kukyagenda mu maaso ku bbanga obutoffaali buno bwe bumala mu mubiri.
Thyroglobulin Antibodies (Obuziyiza obulumbagana endwadde z’ekibumba) .
Oluusi, abaserikale baffe abaserikale mu nsobi batandika okulumba ebitundu by’omubiri gwaffe ebiramu. Abantu bangi abalina obuzibu mu thyroid balina antibodies ezilumba thyroid gland yaabwe. Zino ziyitibwa antibodies za Thyroglobulin .Bino bisobola okuvaako endwadde y’ekibumba okukola ennyo (hyperthyroidism) oba obutakola bulungi (hypothyroidism).
Singa omusawo ateebereza nti alina ekizibu kya thyroid, ayinza okulagira okwekebejjebwa omusaayi okukebera emiwendo gy’obuwuka buno obuziyiza endwadde.
Obuziyiza obuziyiza endwadde (autoantibodies).
Kino kye kitundu ekikulu eky'endowooza ya "okwelumba" gye twayogeddeko emabegako. Antibodies zaffe zikyamusa proteins ku cells zaffe obulamu nti "invaders" ne zitandika okuzilumba. Obuziyiza buno buyitibwa autoantibodies .
Endwadde eziva ku mbeera eno tuziyita autoimmune diseases .
- Lupus
- Obulwadde bw’endwadde z’enkizi
- Obulwadde bwa Hashimoto
- Ssukaali ow’ekika kya 1
Eby’okulabirako by’endwadde ng’ezo mulimu: Okukebera ANA (Antinuclear Antibody) kwe kukebera okusinga okukolebwa nga waliwo okuteebereza nti waliwo obulwadde obw’engeri eno.
Olw’okuba okukeberebwa kwa ANA kwali positive tekitegeeza nti olina obulwadde bw’abaserikale b’omubiri (autoimmune disease). Kitegeeza kyokka nti omusawo wo yeetaaga okwongera okukinoonyerezaako. Kale totya lipoota ng’eyo. Yogerako n’omusawo wo ku nsonga eno.
Obubaka Obutwala Awaka
- Antibodies ze puloteyina ezikolebwa abaserikale b’omubiri gwaffe abatukuuma obutakwatibwa buwuka, yinfekisoni n’obutwa.
- Ekintu eky’obulabe eri omubiri gwaffe okuva ebweru kiyitibwa antigen, ate ekintu ekigezaako okukirwanyisa kiyitibwa antibody.
- Amata g’amabeere naddala colostrum gawa abaana abawere obukuumi obw’amaanyi kubanga galimu ebirungo ebiziyiza endwadde.
- Oluusi obutoffaali bwaffe obuziyiza endwadde busobola okulumba ebitundu by’omubiri gwaffe ebiramu. Embeera eno eyitibwa endwadde z’abaserikale b’omubiri (autoimmune diseases).
- Bw’oba olina ekibuuzo kyonna oba ekikweraliikiriza ku buziyiza obuziyiza endwadde, obusimu obuziyiza endwadde, oba embeera yonna eyogeddwako mu kitundu kino, nsaba obiteese n’omusawo wo.
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