Kan taksaah hian hriat loha hnathawh dan mak tak mai: Autonomic Nervous System chungchang hi i zir dawn teh ang!

I thawk dan te, i thinlung a na dan te, i ei tur i ei dan te chu a thleng vek a, i ngaihtuah ngai lovin a thleng vek tih i ngaihtuah ngai em? Mak a ni lo maw? Vawiin hian kan taksa chhunga hna pawimawh tak tak, kan hriat loh pawha thawktu system pawimawh tak kan sawi dawn a ni. Chu chu autonomic nervous system a ni a, English-ah chuan ``Autonomic Nervous System'' tih a ni.

He Autonomic Nervous System an tih hi eng nge ni?

A awlsam zawngin sawi ila, autonomic nervous system hi kan nervous system zawng zawnga tel ve a ni. Kan taksa chhunga computer network lian tak chhunga sub-network te tak te mahse pawimawh tak ang mai a ni. A hna ber chu kan dam khawchhuahna atana pawimawh tak, mahse kan hriat chian loh taka kan thunun loh taksa hnathawh (involuntary body functions) control hi a ni. He system hian i mut lai leh i harh lai pawhin hna a thawk a ni. I ngaihtuah pawh a ngai lo, i thluak hian a enkawl vek a ni.

Hei hi kan nervous system-ah hian khawiah nge a awm?

Kan nervous system pumpui hi hmunpui pahnih ah a inthen tih i hria a.

1. Central Nervous System : Hei hi kan thluak leh ruhro awmna hmun a ni. Mak a ti em? Kan mit chhunga retina leh optic nerve te pawh hi structurally chuan thluak peng anga ngaih a ni.

2. Peripheral Nervous System : Hei hian kan nervous system peng dang zawng zawng a huam vek a, thluak leh ruhro (spinal cord) tih loh chu a huam vek a ni.

Tunah chuan he peripheral nervous system hi hmun hnih ah a inthen leh ta a ni:

• Somatic Nervous System : Hei hi nervous system chhunga kan taksa peng hrang hrang, kan hriat chian taka kan control (kan kut tihchet ang chi) leh kan hriatna atanga kan dawn information (hriatna, rim, ei, khawih ) te control tu a ni. Mit hmuhna hi he system-ah hian a tel lo va, mit hmuhna atana mawhphurtu chu thluaka awm a nih avangin.
• Autonomic Nervous System : Hei hi kan changtu ber a ni. Hei hi kan thluak leh kan taksa chhunga taksa peng tam tak inzawmkhawmtu nerve network a ni.

Autonomic Nervous System hi eng nge thleng?

He autonomic nervous system hi division lian pathum ah then belh a ni a, chungte chuan hna hrang hrang an thawk vek a ni.

Sympathetic Nervous System – “insual emaw, thlawh emaw” tih dan

He system hi emergency-a thil thleng, stress-a thil thleng, accident-a thil thleng a ni.Kan taksa a inbuatsaih thin. Kawngpuiah i kal a, rang takin ui pakhatin a rawn bei che ang tih han ngaihtuah teh. I heart rate a sang a, i taksa chu a thawk a chhuak tan a, i mit a meng a, i taksa chu tlan emaw, insual emaw turin a inbuatsaih a ni lawm ni? Chutah chuan sympathetic nervous system chu a kick lut a, chu chu "fight-or-flight" response kan tih chu a ni.

Parasympathetic Nervous System – “chawlhna leh ei leh in” mechanism

Hei hi sympathetic nervous system tih dan nen a inpersan tak zet a ni. Kan taksa ti thlamuangtu, ti hahdamtu leh ei leh in lama puitu a ni . Chaw ei tui tak i ei tawh a, living room-a chair-a i thut chuan i rilru a hahdam... chutih lai chuan he system hian hna a thawk a ni.

Enteric Nervous System – Ei leh in lama mithiam

Hemi hi chu a danglam deuh hlek. He system hian kan digestive system hnathawh dan a control ber a ni . Scientist thenkhat phei chuan system hran ang maia complex a ni an ti.

Engtin nge Autonomic Nervous System hian taksa peng dangte a puih?

In pakhatin light on leh hmanrua dangte hnathawh tir turin electrical wiring a mamawh ang bawkin kan thluak hian he nerve network autonomic nervous system an tih hi a mamawh bawk. Heng nerve te hian thluak hian kan taksa chhunga taksa peng lian tam tak control nana a mamawh taksa inzawmna a pe a ni.

He system hian kan taksaah eng nge a thunun tih hi han en ila:

• Mit : I mit hmuhna nena inzawm tlat lo mah se, i mitmeng lian leh te (mit chhunga êng lut zat controltu) leh mit focus tu muscle te a thunun a ni.
• Mittui, mucus, leh salivary glands : He system hian mit atanga mittui luang chhuak te, hnar atanga mucus luang chhuak te, ka atanga hmui luang chhuak te a control a ni.
• Vun : Thawmhnaw siam chhuahna a control a, chubakah taksa ding nghettu ruh (muscles) te pawh a control bawk (chu chu "sam a lo thang lian" tih chu a ni).
• Heart and circulatory system : Thinlung thawk chak dan te, a pump nasat dan te, thisen kalna kawng zau zawng te a control thin . Hei hian heart rate leh blood pressure a control a ni .
• Immune system : I parasympathetic nervous system hian immune system response a tichak thei a. Hei hi natna hrik kai, asthma flare-ups, leh allergy ang chi thilte lai hian a thleng thei a ni.
• Chuap: Hei hian i thawkna kawng zau zawng leh i lung chhunga boruak lut leh chhuaktu kawngpui network a control a ni.
• Small intestine leh large intestine : Intestine te tak te atanga intestine lian thlenga chaw ei dan zawng zawng a enkawl vek a ni. Tin, i bawlhhlawh paih ngai thlengin rectum chhunga thau te chu a inzawm tlat bawk.
• Liver leh Pancreas : Hei hian pancreas atanga ``Insulin`` ang chi hormone chhuah dan a tidanglam a, chu chuan liver-a energy dahkhawm chu ``Glucose``-ah a chantir a, chu chu kan cell-te hman theih a ni.
• Urinary system : I bladder chhunga thau awmte a control thin. He system hian i zun i mamawh thlengin i bladder chu a tikhawlo reng a ni.
• Reproductive system : He system hi mipat hmeichhiatna hnathawhna atan a pawimawh hle a, chu chu sexual arousal (penis erection, sex hman laiin lubricating fluids secretion) leh orgasm neih theihna atan a pawimawh hle.

He autonomic nervous system chungchangah hian thil ngaihnawm tak tak i zir dawn nia.

• Sympathetic leh parasympathetic system inkara inthlauhna : Scale angin ngaihtuah rawh. Sympathetic hian taksa hnathawh a ti chak laiin, parasympathetic chuan a ti slow emaw, a tihtlem emaw pawh a ni thei. He balance hi kan damna leh kan dam khawchhuahna atan a pawimawh hle .
• Inbiakpawhna kawng hrang hrang : Kan nervous system hian kan taksa leh thluaka gland hrang hrangte siam chemical (``neurotransmitters'' an tih) hmangin thuchah a thawn chhuak thin. ``Neurons'' chhungah pawh electrical energy a hmang bawk. A tul angin heng electrical leh chemical inbiakpawhna hmanrua te hi a inthlak danglam thin.
• Enteric nervous system complexity : A buaithlak em em a, mithiam thenkhat chuan autonomic nervous system chhunga tel ni lovin nervous system pumpui a\anga a hranpaa an ngai a ni. Hei hi a chhan chu enteric system-ah hian kan ruhro (spinal cord) ang zat zat neuron (thluak, ruhro leh nerve siamtu specialized cell) a awm vang a ni.

He system hi khawiah nge a awm?

Autonomic nervous system hi kan lu leh taksa pum puia kal chhuak nerve network a ni. Heng nerve thenkhat hi thluak atanga lo chhuak direct a ni. Mi dangte chu ruhro aṭanga lo chhuak a ni a, chu chuan thluak aṭanga signal chu chu nerve-ahte a phur a ni.

Cranial Nerves te chu a awm

Cranial nerve chi 12 a awm a, chu chu ``Cranial Nerves'' a ni. Chungte chu Roman number hmanga thliar hran leh hming vuah a ni. Kan autonomic nervous system nerve fiber te hi heng cranial nerve 12 zinga 4 ah hian a awm a. Chungte chu cranial nerve pathumna, pasarihna, pakuana leh sawmna te an ni. Chungte chuan mitmeng zau zawng (dilation) a thunun a, mit, mittui, hnar mucus, hmui leh rilru leh pum chhunga taksa peng hrang hrangte hnathawh chu a focus a ni.

Spinal Nerves te hi a awm

Tin, autonomic nervous system hian spinal nerve 31 zinga a tam zawk hi a hmang bawk. Hei hian kan rilru leh kan hnungzang chunglam (thoracic), hnungzang hnuai lam (vertebral), leh kan hnungzang ruh (sacrum)-a spinal nerve te a huam a ni.

Heng spinal nerve connection hmang hian autonomic nervous system hian heng organ te hi a thunun thei a ni:

• Thinlung
• Chuap
• Thin
• Pancreas a ni
• Spleen tih hi a ni
• Pumpui
• Intestine te leh lian te
• Kidney a ni
• Bladder a ni
• Mipat hmeichhiatna lam

Control center: Hypothalamus tih a ni

Kan thluaka autonomic activity control tu chu hypothalamus a ni. Autonomic nervous system-ah ngei pawh ni lo mah se, a hnathawh danah chuan a pawimawh hle.

Hei hi eng atanga siam nge ni?

Autonomic nervous system hi kan nervous system pumpui cell inang atanga siam a ni. Cell chi hrang hrang lian ber berte chu:

Neurons – tirhkoh

Heng cell te hi signal thawn leh dawngtu an ni. Kan thluak, kan ruhro leh kan nerve te an siam a ni. Chemical leh electrical signal te pawh an inthlak danglam thin.

Neuron pakhata thil awmte: 1.1.

• Cell taksa : Hei hi cell peng ber a ni.
• Axon : Hei hi axon peng sei tak, kut ang maia awm a ni. Axon tawp lamah chuan kut zungtang ang chi extension engemaw zat a awm a. Hei hi neuron electrical signal chu chemical signal-ah a chantirna hmun a ni. Heng extension, a nih loh leh synapse te hi a bul hnaia nerve cell dangte nen an inzawm a ni.
• Dendrites : Hengte hi cell taksaa awm, branching structure te tak te te an ni (a hming hi Latin tawng atanga lak a ni a, a awmzia chu “thing ang” tihna a ni). Heng dendrite te hian neuron dang synapse atang hian chemical signal an dawng thin.
• Myelin : Hei hi thau compound layer te tak te a ni. Myelin hi neuron tam tak axon vel venhimna khuh a ni.

Neuron pakhata dendrite te hian synapse dang sang tam tak nen an inzawm thei a ni. Neuron thenkhat chu taksa chhunga an awmna hmun leh an hnathawh dan azirin a sei emaw, a tawi emaw pawh a ni thei.

Glial cells – neurons te puitu

Glial cell (“gli-al” tia lam tur) te hian hna hrang hrang an thawk nasa hle. Kan naupan lai hian neurons te an lo thanglian leh an lo thanglian theih nan an pui a, kan dam chhung zawnga neurons hnathawh dan pawh an enkawl bawk. Kan nervous system chu infection lakah an venghim a, nervous system chemical balance an tidanglam a, neurons axons te chu myelinate an ni bawk. Neuron aiin glial cell hi a let sawm velin a tam zawk a ni.

Nuclei leh Ganglia – cell inzawmkhawm

• Nuclei : Hengte hi nerve cell inzawmkhawm, hnathawh dan inang emaw, inzawmna inang emaw nei an ni.
• Ganglia a ni: (Hei hi “gang-lee-ya” tia lam tur a ni a, pakhat chu “gang-lee-on” tih a ni) Hengte hi nerve cell inzawmkhawm pawl an ni. An chhunga cell zawng zawng hian hna inang emaw, inzawmna inang emaw an nei vek lo va, mahse hmun khatah emaw, system inangah emaw an inzawm vek a ni. Entirnan, cochlear leh vestibular ganglia te hi kan hriatna leh balance hriatna nen a inzawm tlat a ni.

Autonomic Nervous System tibuaitu natna tlanglawn tak takte chu engte nge ni?

Autonomic nervous system tichhe thei emaw, natna thlentu emaw dinhmun leh chhan tam tak a awm (hei hi ``Autonomic Neuropathy'' an ti a). Entirna tlanglawn thenkhat chu:

• Type 2 Diabetes : Zunthlum thunun loh hian hun kal zelah autonomic nervous system a tichhe thei a ni. Entirnan, ding laia thisen sang a tlahniam chuan orthostatic hypotension a awm thin. Diabetic neuropathy hi zunthlum avanga nerve tihchhiatna a ni a, ding laia thisen sang tisangtu reflex a nghawng thei a ni.
• Amyloidosis : Hetiang dinhmunah hian taksa peng hrang hrangah protein chi hrang hrang inzawm khawm (misfolded protein particles) a awm khawm a, chu chuan hun rei tak chhung nerve a tichhe thin.
• Autoimmune leh inflammatory conditions : Hei hi entirnan tha tak chu Guillain-Barré Syndrome hi a ni.
• Congenital leh genetic conditions : Hengte hi natna emaw, pian tirh atanga awm thin natna emaw a ni. Genetic conditions hi nu leh pa atanga rochun a ni. Hirschsprung natna hi entawn tlak tak a ni.
• Infection : Nerve tihchhiatna hi HIV, Lyme natna, Chagas natna avanga lo awm thei a ni a, chu chu rulhut seh avanga lo awm a ni. Infection dang, botulism emaw tetanus emaw avanga lo awm thei a ni bawk.
• Multiple System Atrophy : He natna khirh tak hi Parkinson natna nen a inang a ni. Hun a kal zel a, autonomic nerves a tichhe thin.
• Toxins leh toxic substances : Toxic heavy metals mercury leh lead te hian autonomic nervous system a tichhe thei a ni. Industrial chemical tam tak pawhin hetiang chhiatna hi a thlen thei bawk. Zu hian autonomic nervous system-ah pawh toxic effect a nei thei bawk.
• Trauma : Accident hian nerve a tichhia thei. Hei hi hun rei tak emaw, a awm reng emaw pawh a ni thei. Spinal cord-a hliam, a bik takin lower autonomic nervous system-a hliamte hian spinal cord hnuai lam panna connection te chu a tichhe thei a, a titawp thei bawk.
• Tumors : Cancer leh benign tumor te hian i autonomic nervous system a tibuai thei a ni.

Hetiang natna lan chhuah dan tlangpui chu engte nge ni?

Autoimmune natna lan chhuah dan chu a chhiatna awmna hmunah a innghat a ni. Type 2 diabetes ang chi dinhmunah chuan taksa hmun tam takah chhiatna a thleng thei a ni. Autoimmune system a chhiat huna hmuh fo thin symptoms te chu:

• Lung rhythm lama harsatna (arrhythmias te pawh tel).
• Ding laia luak chhuak emaw, hriatna hloh emaw.
• Chaw ei harsa (Dysphagia).
• Chaw ei leh in lama harsatna (gastroparesis te pawh tel).
• Ek khal.
• Zun emaw ek emaw chhuah harsa (bladder emaw bowel control hloh – `Incontinence`).
• Mipat hmeichhiatna hmansualna.
• Thaw tam lutuk (Hyperhidrosis) emaw, thawk hah loh (Anhidrosis) emaw.
• Khua lum tuar harsa.

Autonomic Nervous System hriselna enfiah nan eng test nge awm?

Autonomic nervous system-a harsatna awmte hriat theihna tur test engemaw zat a awm. Chung zinga ṭhenkhat chu:

• Thisen test : Hengte hian thil chi hrang hrang a hmuchhuak thei a, immune system lama harsatna atanga toxin leh poison (a bik takin mercury leh lead ang chi metal) thlengin a hmuchhuak thei.
• Electrocardiogram (EKG) hmanga tih a ni.
• Electroencephalogram (EEG) hmanga enfiah a ni .
• Electromyogram (nerve kal dan enfiahna) .
• Genetic testing hmanga enfiah a ni .
• Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) hmanga thil tih a ni .

Hei hi eng enkawlna nge ni?

Autoimmune natna enkawlna hi a chiang hle thei a, natna a zirin a ni. Enkawlna thenkhat chuan natna ngei emaw, a chhan bulpui emaw an ngaihtuah thin. Enkawlna dang chuan a natna lan chhuah dan chauh a enkawl a, a bik takin natna damdawi emaw, a nghet taka enkawl emaw a awm loh chuan. Chumi awmzia chu heng natnate hi “one-size-fits-all” tih enkawlna a awm lo tihna a ni. Damdawi hian natna thenkhatah a pui thei a, mahse a zawng zawngah erawh a pui lo.

Autonomic Nervous System lama harsatna lakah engtin nge i inven theih ang?

Autonomic nervous system chhiatna ven hi a nghawng natna laka invenna tha ber a ni. I invenna tha ber berte chu:

• Ei leh in inthlau tak ei rawh . Vitamin tlakchhamna, a bik takin vitamin B12 tlakchhamna hian i autonomic nervous system a tichhe thei a ni.
• Ruihhlo leh zu hmansual hi pumpelh rawh . Damdawi leh intihhlimna atana damdawi hmansual bakah zu in hian autonomic nervous system a tichhe thei a ni.
• Taksa chak takin awm la , taksa rihna hrisel tak nei rawh . Hei hian Type 2 Diabetes lo awm tur venna emaw, tihkhawtlai emaw a pui thei a, hei hian hun kal zelah autonomic nerves a tichhe thei a ni. Tin, autonomic nervous system tichhe thei spinal cord hmun tichhe thei hliam a awm loh nan a pui thei bawk.
• A tul hunah invenna hmanrua bun thin ang che.Accident hi nerve tihchhiatna thlentu lian tak a ni. Hnathawh leh inkhelhna hmuna himna hmanrua hman hian heng accident chi hrang hrang lakah hian a humhim thei che a, a tlem berah chuan accident nasatzia a ti tlem thei bawk.
• Chronic conditions te chu a rawt angin enkawl rawh . I autonomic nerves tichhe thei khawpa chronic condition i neih chuan – a bik takin type 2 diabetes – i condition enkawl dan tur i ngaihtuah tur a ni. Hei hian natnain nghawng a neih chu tihtlem emaw, a na zual zel theihna tura hun a duh rei emaw a tikhawtlai thei a ni. I doctor chuan i dinhmun enkawl dan tur a kaihruai thei che a ni.

Pawimawh : I nun danah hian autonomic nervous system hi a pawimawh hle. A tam zawkah chuan ngaihtuah pawh a ngai lo, a hna a thawk mai a ni. I taksa, a bik takin i nervous system enkawl hi autonomic nervous system tichhe thei natna laka invenna tha ber a ni. Tichuan i nunah thil i ngaihven duhte chu i ngaihtuah thei ang.

Kan hriat reng tur pawimawh ber (Take-Home Message) .

Chuvangin, a awlsam zawngin kan Autonomic Nervous System hi kan taksaa control system mak tak, automatic control system a ni. Kan hre lo nachungin, ngawi rengin thil pawimawh tam tak, kan thawk atanga kan thinlung thawk thlengin kan ei leh in thlengin a enkawl a ni.

He system hi hrisel taka vawn hi kan hriselna zawng zawng atan a pawimawh hle. Chuvangin, nunphung hrisel kan zawm a, damdawi lam thurawn dik tak zawm a, kan taksa enkawl hi a pawimawh hle . A chhan chu he ngawi renga hnathawk hian hna a thawh that chhung chuan kan nunah thil dang ngaihtuah turin kan zalen a ni.