Bacteria chu eng nge ni? Heng thilsiam te tak te te hi i zir belh leh ang u!

Kan chhehvel zawng zawngah te, leh kan taksa chhungah hian kan hmuh theih loh thil nung tenau maktaduai tam tak a awm tih i hria em? Chu chu bacteria chu a ni. Ṭhenkhat chu an ṭha a, ṭhenkhat chu an nalh deuh a, chu chu natna a thlen thei tihna a ni. Vawiin hian heng bacteria zawng zawng hi chipchiar takin sawi ila, a tha em?

A awlsam zawngin sawi ila, bacteria hi microscopic, single -celled organism an ni. Bacterium pakhat chauh hi ‘bacterium’ kan ti a. Khawvel hmun tinah, i taksaah pawh bacteria chi hrang hrang maktaduai tam tak, maktaduai tam tak pawh a awm a ni. I vunah te, i hnar ah te, i hmuiah te, chubakah i chaw ei kawngah te, i chi thlah danah te, leh i zun kawngah te an awm a ni. Ngaihtuah teh, scientist-te chuan kan taksaah hian mihring cell aiin bacteria cell a let sawmin a tam zawk an ti! Chu chu thil mak a ni lo maw?

Bacteria hian eng thil tha nge kan tan a tih?

Bacteria zawng zawng hi a chhe vek lo. Bacteria chi thenkhat chuan min pui nasa hle. Heng bacteria \angkai tak takte hi kan vunah leh kan intestines-ah te an awm tam ber a, chu chu kan chaw ei dan (digestive system) a ni. Kan resident bacteria, emaw kan ‘resident flora’ emaw, i ‘microbiome’ emaw kan ti thin. Hei hi i taksa chhunga awm leh i taksaa awm microorganism awmkhawmna a ni. Heng bacteria tha tak tak te hian gut chhunga awm te hian nutrients , ei tur kan digest , leh bacteria tha lo te lo thang chakna titawp turin min pui thin. Kan thian tha ber ang mai an ni.

Bacteria hi eng nge a hlauhawmna?

Bacteria tam zawk hi pawi lo mah se, chi thenkhat chuan natna a thlen thei che a ni. Heng bacteria chi hrang hrangte hi ‘pathogens ’ kan ti thin. Pathogens hi natna thlen thei microorganisms an ni. I taksaah an pung chak thei a , toxin an siam thei bawk . Chutah chuan infection a lo awm ta a ni.

Bacteria tha lo entir nan hetiang hi a ni:

• Streptococcus : Thlalak natna thlentu bacteria, chu chu strep throat tihna a ni.
• Staphylococcus : Vun a staph infection thlentu bacteria a ni.
• Escherichia coli : E. coli natna thlentu bacteria a ni.

Heng bacteria te hian thisen zam (blood poisoning) an thlen nasa hle bawk a, hei hi ``septiceemia'' an ti a ni. ' Hei hi i thisenah bacteria a luh hian a thleng thin. I thisen chhunga bacteria awmte hi a darh thei a, ``sepsis'' tih hming pu natna khirh tak a thlen thei bawk. ' Sepsis chu i taksa pum puia natna hrik darh tawh laka i taksain a tihbuai lutuk hi a ni.

Natna thlen thei bacteria entir dangte chu:

• Aerococcus urinae: Urinary tract infection thlentu bacteria a ni.
• Chlamydia trachomatis : Mipat hmeichhiatna lama natna hrik (STI) thlentu bacteria, chlamydia an tih.
• Bordetella pertussis : Khuh natna thlentu natna hrik a ni.

Bacteria infection tam tak hi antibiotics hmanga enkawl theih a ni . Mahse, antibiotics i ei tam lutuk chuan i taksa chu a do thei lo zawk a ni. Tin, antibiotics hi full course emaw i doctor-in a hrilh ang chiah emaw i ei loh chuan bacteria resistance i nei tam zawk bawk.

Engtin nge bacteria hi an classified?

Scientist-te chuan bacteria chi hrang hrang thliar hran nan hian kawng hrang hrang an hmang a.

Science hming hmangin

Kawng khat chu an scientific hming hmang hian a ni. He hming hian an ``genus`` – an nihna atanga bacteria hming an vuah – leh chu genus chhunga ``species`` te a huam a ni. Entirnan, natna thlentu bacteria hming scientific hming ``botulism`` chu ``Clostridium botulinum`` tih a ni. Chi khat chhungah pawh scientist te chuan ``strain`` hrang hrang an hmu thei a ni.

Bacteria awm dan azirin

Kawng dang chu bacteria pianzia a ni. Bacteria hi a bul berah chuan chi thum a awm a:

• A zungpui emaw, ball ang maia siam (`cocci ba CTE ria` - cocci bacteria) .
• Rod ang emaw, thingpui ang emaw (`bacilli`) .
• Spiral emaw helical emaw ang chi (`spirochetes`) a ni.

Oxygen mamawh dan azirin

Scientist-te chuan bacteria te hi an nung tur leh an thanlen theih nan oxygen an mamawh leh mamawh loh a zirin an thliar hrang thin.

• Oxygen mamawh bacteria te hi ‘aerobes ’ an ti a.
• Oxygen awmna hmuna nung thei lo leh thang thei lo bacteria te chu ‘anaerobes ’ an ti a.
• Bacteria thenkhat chu oxygen nei emaw nei lo emaw pawhin an nung thei a, an thang lian thei bawk. Anni hi ``facultative bacteria`` an ti a ni.

Genetic makeup atanga a lan dan chuan

Kawng dang chu bacteria genetic makeup en hi a ni. Bacterium tin hian gene set danglam bik an nei vek a. Hei hi an ‘genotype’ an ti a ni. Special test hmang hian heng genetic makeup hrang hrangah hian danglamna a awm tih hmuhchhuah theih a ni.

Staining hmangin - Gram Staining hmanga tihfai

Hei hi a pawimawh deuh a ni. Scientist te pawhin bacteria te hi chemical bik (`stains`) hmanga an hnawih hnua an rawng chhuah dan azirin an thliar hrang bawk. Staining hman dan hriat lar tak pakhat chu ``Gram staining`` tih hi a ni. Hei hian bacteria chu ``gram- positive`` emaw ``gram -negative`` emaw tiin a thliar hrang a ni. He Gram staining hian enkawl dan tur pawh a hriat theih nan a pui bawk. A chhan chu gram-positive leh gram-negative bacteria te hian antibiotics thenkhat an chhan dan a inang lo.

Gram-positive bacteria te hi eng nge ni?

Bacteria hi Gram stain-a an rawng siam dan azirin gram-positive emaw gram-negative emaw-ah an dah a ni. An cell wall a danglam avangin rawng hrang hrang an ni. ‘Positive’ leh ‘negative’ tih hian ‘tha’ emaw ‘tha lo’ emaw a kawk lo va, a tha tihna mai a ni. Gram-positive bacteria chu Gram stain-ah blue-purple- in a lang.

Entirna thenkhat:

• Corynebacterium (`Corynebacterium`) a awm a, a chhuahna tur hmun leh a hmanna tur hmun hi a inang lo hle.
• Clostridium (`Clostridium`) tih hi a awm a.
• Listteria (`Listeria`) tih hi a awm a.

Gram-negative bacteria te hi eng nge ni?

Gram-negative bacteria chu Gram stain-ah pinkish-red angin a lang. Gram-positive bacteria aiin infection hrang hrang an thlen thin. Tin, antibiotics chi hrang hrang hmanga enkawl an ngai bawk.

Entirna thenkhat:

• Pseudomonas (`Pseudomonas`) tih a ni.
• Proteus (`Proteus`) tih a ni.
• Klebsiella chuan a rawn ti a

Bacteria leh virus hi eng nge an danglamna?

Bacteria leh virus hi hrik chi hnih, a nih loh leh microorganism chi hnih an ni. An pahnih hian natna hrik an thlen thei a, a chang chuan a lan chhuah dan pawh a inang thei bawk. Mahse, bacteria infection leh viral infection enkawl dan erawh a danglam vek thung.

Doctor ten bacteria infection thenkhat enkawl nan antibiotics an hmang thin. Mahse antibiotics hian virus-ah hna a thawk lo. Doctor-te chuan virus thenkhat chu antivirals hmangin an enkawl a, mahse chu antivirals chuan bacteria vanga infection-ah hna a thawk lo. Hei hi hriatthiam a pawimawh hle mai!

Antibiotic laka invenna bacteria te chu engte nge ni?

I immune system hian bacteria thenkhat a do thei a, hnehna a chang thei bawk. Mahse a chang chuan, bacteria infection enkawl nan antibiotic i ei a ngai thin. Antibiotics hian bacteria cell wall emaw DNA emaw tihchhiat hmangin hna a thawk a ni .

Mahse, antibiotics hman tam lutuk hian hun kal zelah harsatna a thlen thei a ni. Hei hi a chhan chu bacteria thenkhat chu antibiotics laka an do theih loh vang a ni.(`resistant`) tih a ni. Tichuan strain thar avanga natna hrik awmte enkawl a harsa hle. Antibiotic i ei apiangin bacteria hian a do theih dan a zir theihna chance a sang chho zel a ni.

Pawimawh: Doctor-in antibiotics a pek, a dose dik tak leh a hun chhung zawnga ei a pawimawh hle. A chanve vel tihtawp emaw, a tlem zawka ei emaw chuan bacteria chu a that vek dawn lo va, a bak zawng chuan antibiotic laka invenna an nei ang.

Antibiotics do thei bacteria entirnan tha tak chu MRSA (methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus) hi a ni. Hei hi a hlauhawm deuh.

Engtin nge bacteria hi an inkai darh?

Bacteria tam zawk hi chu ``binary fission'' tih hmangin an piang chhuak thin. ' A awlsam zawngin, bacteria cell pakhat hian a DNA chu a duplicate a, chutah chuan pahnih-ah a inthen leh a ni. Cell thar tin hian DNA copy an hmu vek a. Pakhat chu pahnih a lo ni a, pahnih chu pali a lo ni a, chutiang chu a ni.

Bacteria hi prokaryotic nge eukaryotic?

Bacteria hian ``nucleus`` an nei lo. Chuvangin, ``prokaryotes`` tiin an thliar hrang a ni. Cell structure awlsam tak nei microorganism an ni. Bacteria hian ``cell wall`` an nei a. Cell wall chhungah hian cell pakhat structure i en chuan ``cytoplasm`` , ``ribosomes`` leh DNA te a awm a. Cell wall pawnah chuan ``flagella`` pakhat emaw a aia tam emaw a awm thei. Heng flagella te hi bacteria te an kal kual theihna tura puitu an ni.

Plastic ei thin bacteria chi khat a awm em?

Ni e, mak ti suh! Kum 2016 khan Japan ram Osaka-ah scientist team chuan bacteria chi thar an hmuchhuak a. A hmingah chuan ``Ideonella sakaiensis`` tiin an vuah a ni. He bacteria hi recycling facility bulah plastic bottle ei lai hmuh a ni!

Bacteria hian organic matter thi an ei tlangpui. Mahse he bacteria hian plastic chi khat polyethylene terephthalate (PET) an ei a. Kan tui in tur bottle ang chi thil hi he PET plastic atang hian siam a ni fo thin. He bacterium hi scientist-te’n an zirchian leh chuan plastic a ei theihna tura puitu special digestive enzyme pahnih a siam tih an hmuchhuak a ni.

He enzyme hian PET plastic chauh a digest thin. Mahse scientist-te chuan ni khat chu hetiang plastic ei thei bacteria hian khawvela plastic bawlhhlawh buaina lian tak hi a chinfel theih an beisei. Chu chu a ropui dâwn êm êm tih han ngaihtuah teh!

Chuti a nih chuan, he thawnthu atang hian eng thil nge kan hriat reng tur pawimawh ber?

Okay, tunah chuan bacteria chungchang kan sawi nasa hle. A awlsam zawngin, i hriat reng tur chu hetiang hi a ni:

• Bacteria hi thil nung te tak te, hmun tina awm, kan mit hmuh theih loh a ni.
• Bacteria chi tam zawk hi kan tan chuan a hlauhawm lo. Ṭhenkhat chu kan taksa tan a \angkai hle a, a bik takin kan gut-ah a \angkai hle. Chungte chu kan `microbiome` kan ti a.
• Amaherawhchu, bacteria chi hrang hrang (pathogens) hian natna hrik a thlen thei a, chu chu enkawl ngai a ni.
• Doctor-te chuan bacteria infection tam zawkah antibiotics an pe thin.
• Thil pawimawh ber: Antibiotics i hman hunah , i doctor thupek dik takin zawm rawh. Hun dik tak leh a dose dik takah ei thin ang che. I tih loh chuan bacteria te hian antibiotic resistance an nei tan ang. Chu chu buaina lian tak a ni.

Chuvangin, bacteria hi kan nunah a tel ve a ni. Anmahni hriatthiamna dik neih hian hrisel taka awm theihna kawngah nasa takin min pui thei a ni.

` Bacteria, natna hrik, antibiotics, microbes, hriselna, Gram stain, antibiotic laka invenna