Nitin hna thawh kawngah harsatna i nei em? (Activities of Daily Living - ADLs) Hei hi i hrechiang ang u!

Nitin kan tih zawng zawng, kan ngaihtuah ngai loh thil engemaw zat a awm. Zing thawh te, hmai sil te, ha sil te, inchei te, chaw ei te, inbual te, bathroom kal te ang chi thil te. Hengte hi doctor-te’n ‘Activities of Daily Living’ (ADLs) an tih chu a ni. Hengte hi kan taksa hrisel leh hnathawh thatna atana thil pawimawh tak tak a ni. A châng chuan, heng hna awlsam tak anga langte hi mahni chauha thawh pawh hi mi ṭhenkhat tân chuan thil harsa tak a ni thei a ni. Vawiin hian heng ADL chungchang hi tlem han sawi leh ila, kan sawi dawn em ni?

ADL te hi eng nge ni? A awlsam zawngin...

A awlsam zawnga sawi chuan (ADLs) hi kan taksa hrisel taka vawn rengna leh nitin nun kan hman theihna tura kan thil tih bulpui ber a ni. Chungte chu chi hnih ah then theih a ni. Pakhat chu taksa tana thil pawimawh tak tak – ei leh in, inbual, leh toilet kal ang chi te hi a ni. Hengte hi awm lo se chuan kan tan nun a har khawp ang.

The other part is the more complex tasks , chu chu mahni inrintawkna leh mahni inrintawkna neia nun theihna tura puitu hna a ni. Entirnan, sum enkawl te, in lama thil lei tur rawn ken te, huan siam te, leh thawmhnaw sawp te. Heng thil tih tur hian ngaihtuahna leh ruahmanna tlem a ngai a ni.

A châng chuan, operation tenau tak i neih a ngai tih han ngaihtuah teh. Ni engemaw zat chhung chu heng ADL-te hi tanpuina i mamawh mai thei. Chu chu thil pangngai a ni. Mahse, mi ṭhenkhat chuan chûng hna thawk tûra ṭanpuina chu rei tak, an dam chhûng zawng pawh a ni mai thei. Hei hi an taksa tihchet theihna te, an hriatrengna te, leh harsatna chinfel thiamna te tichhe thei natna rei tak an neih vang a ni thei.

Engvangin nge heng ADL chungchang hi sawi a pawimawh?

Doctor i tlawh emaw, chhungkaw member i enkawl emaw hian medical team chuan heng ADLs chungchang hi an sawi mai thei. Dik tak chuan he thupui hi sawi awlsam a ni lo. I ngaihtuah mai thei, "Aw, midang ka rinchhan a ngai dawn em ni?" emaw, "Ka nu/pa hian mahni chauhin in lamah an awm thei ang em?" Heng hlauhna leh lungkhamna te hi a hluar hle.

A pawimawh ber chu he thu hi i doctor emaw i hmangaih tak healthcare team emaw hnenah zalen tak leh dik taka sawipui hi a ni.

I thusawi an ngaithla ang a, i duhzawng an hrethiam ang. Hetianga sawi a, i duhthlannate hriatthiamna hmang hian nang leh i chhungte chuan thutlukna tha ber i siam thei ang. He inbiakna atana inbuatsaih nan hian doctor-te’n ADL an tih hian eng nge an sawi tum tak tak hriat a \angkai hle.

ADL hi chi hnih a awm a...

Kan sawi tawh ang khan ADL te hi a bik takin hmun hnih ah an inthen a.

1. Nitin hnathawh tur bulpui (Basic ADLs) .

Hengte hi nitin kan tih thin, kan taksa dam khawchhuahna atana pawimawh tak takte an ni. Hengte hi nitin taksa tihchakna (physical daily activities) an ti \hin a, a chhan chu kan taksa mamawh nen a inzawm tlat a ni.

ADL bulpui entirnan thenkhat chu:

• Chaw pek dan:Plate-a chaw ei tur lak a, i ka chhunga dah a, ei tur dik tak ei.
• Bathing/Personal Hygiene: Bathroom-a mahni chauha kal, taksa sil, leh inthiarfihlim. Hei hian ha sil leh hmai sil te a huam a ni.
• Dressing: Mahni chauha thawmhnaw thlan leh inbel. Button leh zipping ang chi thil te.
• Toileting: Toilet-a mahni chauha kal te, a tul anga tih te, fai taka chhuak te.
• Transferring: Khum atanga chair-a insawn te, chair atanga tho te, room chhunga kal kual te ang chi thil.
• Continence: I duh hun leh duhna hmuna bawlhhlawh paih leh zun chhuah theihna control theihna.

Hetah hian thil pawimawh tak hriat reng tur a awm. He basic ADL tih leh him taka tih hi a danglamna a awm . Ngaihtuah teh, in chhungah i inher kual thei a, mahse off-balance i nei a, a nih loh leh i tlu tlem a, i tlanchhuak thei lo. Chutiang a nih chuan Doctor hnena hrilh a pawimawh hle.

Thil tihkhawtlai a awlsam a, "Aw, chutiang chu i tar chhoh hunah pawh a ni mai," tih ngaihtuah hi a awlsam hle. Mahse, heng hna bulpui thawh hi a hma aia harsa zawka i hriat chuan, chu chuan i beidawng suh ang che. Doctor i hrilh hian, inthlâk danglamna awlsam tak tak siam tûrin an rawt mai thei. Entirnan, i in atanga rug hnim hring lak chhuah emaw, bathroom-a grab bar dah emaw.

2. Instrumental ADLs (IADLs) te chu a hnuaia mi ang hian a ni.

Heng hnate hi Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADLs) tia koh te hi ADL bulpui aiin a buaithlak deuh hlek a ni. An perform tur chuan rilru lama thiamna tam zawk an mamawh a ni. IADL hian kan taksa mamawh bulpui chauh ni lovin, kan hriselna zawng zawng pawh a thlawp a ni. Chûng hnate thawk tûr chuan, ngaihtuahna buaithlâk tak i neih a ngai a, thilte chu a inrualrem thei a, in chhûng leh pâwnah pawh i kal kual thei a ngai a ni.

IADL entirnan thenkhat chu:

• In enkawl dan: in tihfai, khum siam, bawlhhlawh paih chhuah.
• Chaw buatsaih: Chaw ei tur ruahmanna siam te, a tul tur buatsaih te, him taka chhum te.
• Damdawi enkawl dan: Damdawi hi a hun takah leh a zat dik takah ei.
• Sum leh pai enkawl dan: bill pek te, banking tih te, leh sum hman dan fing taka hman te.
• Shopping: I in atana i mamawh tur list siam te, dawrah kal te, leh lak chhuah te.
• Telephone hman dan: Mi pakhat call theihna leh incoming call chhan theihna.
• Transportation: Bus, rel emaw, mahni lirthei khalh emaw, taxi book emaw hmanga mahni chauha zin.
• Insukna:Thawmhnaw thliar hrang, sil, vawt, leh folding.

Vawi tam tak chu miten heng IADL te hi anmahni chauhin an ti thei lo tih an hriat chuan heng hna thawk tur hian tanpuina an dil hmasa thin. A châng chuan, mi pakhat chuan IADL-ah ṭanpuina a mamawh tih pawh a hre lo va, chhûngkaw member emaw doctor emaw-in a kawhhmuh hma loh chuan. IADL lama tanpui ngai tam tak chuan harsatna awm lovin basic ADL an ti thei a ni.

Mi pakhat mamawh chu hun kal zelah a danglam thei. Entirnan, mild cognitive impairment emaw, Alzheimer’s disease hmasa ber nei emaw chuan IADL thenkhat tih harsat mahse basic ADLs chungchangah tanpuina engmah a mamawh lo mai thei. Mahse, an dinhmun a lo zual zel chuan basic ADL pawh an ti harsa tan thei a ni.

Hei vang hian ADLs tehna hi vawi khat thil tih a ni tlangpui lo. Chu ai chuan, doctor, nurse, leh occupational therapist-te ang chi healthcare provider-te chuan basic leh IADL i tih theihna chu an enfiah fo thei a ni. Ṭanpuina dang mamawhna tilang thei inthlâk danglamna eng pawh an zawng a ni.

Engtikah nge doctor-te hian ADL awm leh awm loh an enfiah thin?

Doctor-te’n engtikah nge ADL tih theihna an teh tih leh eng chen nge an endik tih chu i medical history leh tuna i dinhmun a zirin a inang lo ang. A tlangpuiin, nurse leh occupational therapist-te chuan heng ADL-te hi engtiang chiahin nge i tih that tih an enfiah thei a, chu chu:

• Damdawi inah i awm laiin.
• Damdawi in atanga a lo haw hnuah.
• Surgery atanga a dam lai emaw, taksa accident emaw, thluak hliam na tak emaw, stroke emaw atanga a dam laiin.
• Neurodegenerative disorder, Alzheimer’s disease emaw Parkinson’s disease emaw i neih chuan, zawi zawiin nervous system a tichak lo.
• Intellectual disability i neih chuan.
• Rilru lam harsatna i neih chuan.

Engtin nge ADL te hi an endik thin?

Doctor-te chuan mi pakhatin nitin hna a thawh theih dan tehna atan kawng hrang hrang an hmang a. Entîr nân, nangmah emaw, i hmangaih tak emaw chuan chûng thilte chu an tih lai chu direct-in an en thei a ni. A châng chuan, enkawltute hnênah an thil hmuhte chu an zâwt ṭhîn. A châng chuan ADL-a harsatna nei chuan amah ngeiin a report ang .

Doctor-te chuan mi pakhatin amah a in enkawl theih dân leh eng ang ṭanpuina nge a mamawh tih hriatthiamna ṭha ber neih nân heng hmanrua pakhat emaw, a aia tam emaw chu an hmang dun thei a ni. Ṭanpuina mamawh zat a zirin doctor-te chuan hetiang hi an rawt thei a ni:

• Mi pakhat chawi sang tura pui turin ei tur hmanrua leh hmanraw transfer belt ang chi a bik taka siam hman.
• In lama siamthatna siam, thutthleng atanga thut leh tho awlsam zawk nan armrest nei chair hman te.
• Chhungkaw member (informal caregiver) emaw, home health aide emaw enkawlna atan hnathawh tir.
• In luah tur dang ngaihtuah, assisted living emaw, nursing home emaw ang chi.

Doctor-te chuan nangmah emaw, i hmangaih tak emaw him thei ang bera awm theihna tur duhthlan tur rawtna siam an tum fo thin.

Katz Index hi eng nge ni? (Katz ADL Scale) a ni.

Hei hi ``Katz ADL scale`` an ti bawk.`` Hei hi doctor ten nitin hnathawh i tih theih dan tur hriat nan an hman fo thin checklist a ni. ``Katz ADL scale`` hian basic ADLs a en ber a, IADLs (more complex tasks) a en lo bawk.

``Katz ADL scale'' hian basic ADL paruk (6) i tih that theih dan a teh a ni. Independent taka i tih theih hna tinah score pakhat (1) i hmu a , tanpuina i mamawh hna tin atan score zero (0) i hmu bawk . Chuvangin, score sang ber paruk (6) i hmu thei ang. Score a san poh leh mahni inrintawkna neiin hna chu i thawk thei ang. Score a hniam poh leh i nitin nunah tanpuina i mamawh tam zawk mai thei.

Hetah hian ``Katz ADL scale''-a ADL bulpui paruk leh an zinga pakhat zel score hmuh theihna tura i tih turte chu tarlan a ni:

1. Inbual: I taksa pum pui i tihfai theih chuan tanpuina awm lo, emaw, taksa peng pakhat chauh (e.g., hnungzang) tanpuina hmanga i tihfai theih chuan.

2. Dressing: I thawmhnaw zawng zawng i thlang thei a, i ha thei a, nangmah ngeiin button leh hook leh mit ang chi thil i tih theih chuan (i pheikhawk hrui khih nan tanpuina i mamawh mai thei).

3. Toileting: Engmah tanpuina awm lova Toilet-ah i kal thei a nih chuan a chungah thu la, hmang la, fai takin lo haw leh rawh.

4. Transferring: Mi dang puihna tel lovin khum atangin emaw, thutthlengah emaw tho la, i theih chuan.

5. Continence: Engtikah nge i zun leh khawiah nge i zun leh chhuah tih i thunun kim chuan .

6. Chaw pek: Plate atanga chaw lak a, amahin a kâa a dah theih chuan.

Doctor-te chuan Katz ADL scale leh checklist emaw assessment dang hmangin i tih theih leh eng ang tanpuina nge i mamawh tih kimchang takin an hmu thei a ni. Entîr nân, Lawton Instrumental Activities of Daily Living Scale hmangin hna harsa zâwk, chaw buatsaih emaw, in chhûng hna thawh emaw ang chi i thawh ṭhat theih dân an en thei a ni.

Online-a ADL checklist i hmuh chuan nangmah chauha i hman hmain doctor nena inbiakna neih hmasak phawt a tha ber. Eng ang pawhin tum ṭha tak nei mah se, hetiang checklist emaw, a thusawi emaw hi hriatthiam loh a awlsam hle. Nangmah emaw, i chhungte zinga mi emaw chungchangah ngaihtuahna i neih chuan a tha ber leh him ber chu doctor nen inbiakna neihpui a, an kaihhruaina lak hi a ni.

I hriat reng tur pawimawh ber (Take-Home Message) .

Heng nitin nunphung (ADL) te hi kan tih fo thin leh kan nunah thuk takin a innghat a ni. Chuvangin, nangmah emaw, i hmangaih tak emawin an tih theih loh hma chuan kan ngaihtuah ngai lo fo thin. Chutih lai tak chuan, "Eng ang tanpuina nge kan mamawh ang? Eng chen nge kan mamawh ang? Heng zawng zawng hmalam hun hi engtin nge a awm ang?" a lo chhuak tan ta.

Zawhna chu awlsam takin rilruah a lo thleng a, mahse chhanna hmuh chu thil awlsam a ni lo. Chuvang chuan doctor hnenah i ngaihtuahna i sawi chhuah a pawimawh. I thawhpui tur leh solution zawng turin an inpeih reng ang.

Hetiang lungkhamna avânga i lungngai, i rilru a buai, a nih loh leh i chau mai mai a nih chuan, rilru lam hrisêlna lama thurâwn petu biak chu ngaihtuah rawh . I rilru put hmang an hrethiam thei a, heng nun inthlak danglamna te hi awlsam zawka enkawl dan tur kawng tha zawng turin an pui thei che a ni. Nangmah chauh i ni lo tih hre reng ang che!

` Nitin nunphung, ADL, ADL bulpui, hmanrua hman dan ADL, IADL, hriselna endikna, tar enkawlna, mahni inrintawkna