Asthma: I hriat tur zawng zawng - Nirogi Lanka

Asthma , bronchial asthma tia sawi fo chu i lung natna hlauhawm tak a ni . I thawkna kawng lining a inflamed leh a hring a, a tawi a, mucus a khat a nih chuan a thleng thin. Hei hian thawk a ti harsa hle. Asthma hi hun rei tak (chronic) natna, tihdam kim theih loh a nih laiin, damdawi dik tak leh doctor kaihhruaina zawm chungin a tha thei ang bera i enkawl thei a ni.

Engtin nge Asthma hi a lo awm?

A tlangpuiin, i thawk chhuah hian i thawkna kawng chhehvela taksa ruhte chu a hahdam a, boruak chu zalen takin a luang chhuak thei a ni. Mahse, asthma i neih chuan a hnuaia thil thlengte hi a thleng thin:

Bronchospasm a awm chuan:

I thawkna kawng vel muscle te chu a constrict (tighten) thin. Hei hian boruak kalna kawng a ti tawi a, thawk a harsa zawk.

Pun:

I thawkna kawng chhungril (internal lining) chu a hring a, boruak kal dan a tikhawlo zual sauh a ni.

Mucus siam chhuah: 1.1.

I taksa hian mucus tam lutuk a siam a, chu chuan i thawkna kawng tawi tak chu a tikhawlo a ni.

Heng thil pathumte hi a ruala a awm chuan thawk a harsa hle a, “wheezing” ri a siam fo thin. He episode hi asthma attack (or exacerbation/flare-up) tia hriat a ni. Thâwk harsatna nasa tak i neih chuan damdawi in hnai berah emergency care zawng nghal rawh.

Asthma chi hrang hrang

Asthma hi a chhan bulpui leh a natna lan chhuah dan nasat dan azirin category hrang hrangah then theih a ni:

Triggers atanga chhut chuan:

• Allergic Asthma : Allergens, leivut, pollens , emaw pet dander te nena inzawmna avanga lo awm thin.
• Non-allergic Asthma: Exercise, high stress , thawkna lama natna, emaw boruak lum ang chi thil avanga lo awm a ni.

Symptom Frequency atanga chhut chuan:

• Intermittent Asthma: Nitin ni lovin a natna lan chhuah dan hi a chang chuan a awm thin.
• Persistent Asthma: A natna lan chhuah dan hi a awm fo thin. Hei hi i natna lan chhuah tam dan leh a nasat dan azirin mild, moderate, or severe tiin an classified belh leh a ni.

Age of Onset atanga chhut chuan:

• Puitling atanga tan Asthma: Kum 18 hnu lama Asthma lo awm.
• Pediatric/Childhood Asthma: Kum 5 hmaa Asthma lo awm thin.Naupang thenkhat chuan an outgrow thin a, mahse i fa chu a vei tih hmuhchhuah a nih chuan i pediatrician nen management plan i sawiho ngei ngei tur a ni a, rescue inhaler chu hman nghal theih turin awlsam taka hman theih turin dah la.

A chi dang: 1.1.

• Exercise-induced Asthma/ bronchospasm : Taksa thawhrimna avanga lo awm chiang tak symptoms.
• Occupational Asthma: Hnathawhna hmuna inhnim (eg, flour, thing dust, emaw chemical irritants ) avanga lo awm a ni.
• Asthma leh COPD inzawmkhawmna (ACOS ): Asthma leh COPD ( Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ) pahnih i neihna dinhmun a ni a, chung pahnih chu lung natna rei tak, boruak kal dan tichhe thei a ni.

Tute nge asthma vei thei?

Tu pawhin kum eng pawhah asthma an vei thei a, mahse i hlauhawmna a sang zawk thei a ni:

• Allergy i vei a.
• Meizial zu mi i ni emaw, second-hand emaw third-hand emaw meizuk i tawk fo thin.
• Hmeichhia i ni a, statistically chuan hmeichhiaah asthma vei a tam zawk avangin.
• African hnam i ni a, zirchianna atanga a lan dan chuan Black population-ah hian a tam zawk a ni.

A chhan leh Risk Factors te

Asthma awm chhan dik tak chu hriat chian a la nih loh laiin, i risk chu a hnuaia mite hian nasa takin a tipung a ni:

• Allergies: Asthma vei theihna tur hlauhawm ber a ni.
• Environment Factors: Meikhu, leivut, emaw chemical emaw nena inzawmna. Hei hi naupang tê tê, an immune system ( complement system ) la ṭhang chho zelte tan chuan a hlauhawm hle.
• Genetics: Chhungkaw history-a asthma vei hian mimal risk a tipung a ni.
• Thluak lam natna : Naupan laia natna khirh tak (RSV ang chi) hian lung tissue a tichhe thei a, hun rei tak chhunga asthma vei theihna a tipung thei bawk.

Asthma Attack thlentu a ni

Asthma attack hi i sensitive emaw allergy emaw thil i tawn hian a lo awm thin. Reaction hi a thleng nghal thei a, darkar emaw ni emaw a tlai thei bawk. Mi hrang hrangah trigger hrang hrang a awm laiin, a hnuaia mi hi mimal tam tak tan chuan thil awmze nei tak a ni:

• Thli bawlhhlawh: Hei hian factory atanga meikhu, lirthei exhaust , leh ram kang atanga meikhu te a huam a ni.
• Dust mites: Heng thil nung microscopic te hi in tinah te hian an awm vek a. Allergy-induced asthma nasa tak thlentu an ni tlangpui.
• Exercise: Mi thenkhat tan chuan taksa tihchakna hi asthma symptoms tichhuaktu a ni thei.
• Mold: Hmun hnim a mold lo awm hian asthma a thlen thei a, allergy nei lote tan pawh asthma a thlen thei.
• Pests: Cockroaches, rodents leh in chhunga rannung dangte’n an rawn luhchilh chuan asthma a tizual thei a ni.
• Rannung: Rannung allergens i sensitive a nih chuan pet dander (vun te te) nena inhnaih chuan asthma attack a thlen thei.
• Zuk leh hmuam meikhu: .Meizial i zuk a nih chuan, emaw, secondhand smoke i hman fo chuan asthma vei theihna a sang hle. Car ang chi hmun khar emaw, in chhungah emaw meizuk loh tur. Meizial zuk bânsan hi i hriselna atana i tih theih pawimawh ber a ni.
• Chemical emaw rimtui chak tak: rimtui chak tak, rimtui emaw, tihfai nana hmanraw na tak emaw nena inzawmna chuan mimal thenkhatah natna lan chhuahna a thlen thei a ni.
• Hnathawh: Hnathawhna hmun thenkhatah chuan leivut, thing chi hrang hrang, a nih loh leh chemical chi hrang hrang, asthma thlentu emaw, tizual thei emaw a awm thei a ni.

Asthma symptoms hriat theih dan

Symptoms hi thawkna lama harsatna dang nen a inzawm thei a, mahse asthma vei mimalte chuan a hnuaia mi hi an tawng fo thin:

• Chest tightness, natna emaw pressure emaw.
• Khuh, a bik takin zan lamah.
• Thâwk a tawi.
• I thawk chhuah laiin thawm ri nasa tak.

Pawimawh: Mi zawng zawng hian heng chhinchhiahna zawng zawng hi kan tawng vek lo va, a lan chhuah dan chu mi hrang hrangah a inang lo thei a—a nih loh leh i tan pawh attack pakhat atanga a dang dangah pawh a inang lo thei bawk.

Diagnosis tih a ni

I doctor chuan i damdawi lam chanchin, i natna lan chhuah dan leh i chhungkaw dinhmun a zirchiang ang a, a hnuaia test te hi a rawt thei ang:

• Spirometry: Hei hian i lungin boruak a vawn theih zat leh chak taka i thawk chhuah theih dan a teh a ni. Asthma hriatchhuah nan leh i enkawlnain a thawh that dan enfiah nan hman a ni.
• Chest X-ray neih a ni
• Thisen test a ni
• Skin test – Allergy awm thei hriatchhuah nan.

Asthma Enkawlna a ni

I thawkna kawng enkawl dan tur leh i asthma control na tur damdawi chi hrang hrang a awm a.

• Bronchodilators: Hengte hian i thawkna kawng vel muscle te chu a ti hahdam a, thawk a ti awlsam hle. Sudden symptoms tan quick-relief (rescue) inhaler emaw, attack venna atana long-term controller damdawi emaw angin an awm bawk.
• Anti-inflammatory medicines: Hengte hi nitin ei thin a ni a, chu chu i thawkna kawng a hring leh inflammation tihziaawmna atan a ni.
• Biologic therapies: Hengte hi asthma na tak nei, standard inhalers hmanga an symptoms te hi a tha tawk lo tan chauh a ni.

Damdawi hi kawng hrang hrangin pek theih a ni:

• Inhalers: Hengte hian damdawi chu i lungah direct-in a thlen thin. A chi hrang hrang chu metered-dose inhaler (MDI) leh dry powder inhaler (DPI) te a ni.
• Nebulizers: Hengte hian damdawi tui chu i thawk chhuah theih nan mist tha takah a chantir thin.
• Damdawi ei: Pills emaw tui emaw ei tur.

Asthma Control a ni

Asthma control tha tak tih awmzia chu:

• Nitin i thiltih pangngai, in lamah leh hnathawhna hmunah te i vawng reng thei a ni.
• I symptoms hi a tlem emaw, a awm lo emaw a ni.
• I chhanchhuahna inhaler hman a ngai tlem hle.
• Zankhuain i muhil thei a, asthma hian a tiharh lo.

Asthma chungchanga hmalakna tur ruahmanna

I doctor chuan Asthma Action Plan siam turin a pui ang che, chutah chuan i damdawi hman dan tur leh i natna lan chhuah dan a lo chhuah chuan eng nge i tih tur tih te a tarlang ang. He ruahmanna hi ngun taka zawm a pawimawh hle. A tlangpuiin:

• I asthma chi hrang hrang.
• I hriat chhuah triggers te.
• I damdawi hming leh a hman dan tur.
• I natna lan chhuahna a nasat loh, a nasat loh emaw, a nasat loh emaw a nih chuan eng nge tih tur tih thupek chiang tak pe rawh.
• Attack a awm chuan emergency contact te.

Monitoring Symptoms te chu a ni

I asthma symptoms te hi engtikah nge a lo awm tih leh engtin nge a awm tih i ngaihven tur a ni. I doctor chuan “peak flow meter” hmang turin a ti mai thei che. He device hian i lung atanga boruak chak taka i chhuah theih dan a teh a ni. I doctor-in i enkawlna a thawh that dan a hriat theih nan a pui a, a tul angin i damdawi ei tur a siamrem thei a, asthma flare-up awm thei te chu a nasat hmain a hriat theih nan a pui bawk.

Asthma laka inven dan (Prevention) .

Asthma i vei chuan a enkawl dan tha ber chu i mimal triggers te hriatchhuah leh pumpelh hi a ni. Asthma hi a pum puia ven theih a nih loh laiin, proactive management hi a pawimawh ber a ni.

Asthma vei tan hian eng nge thlir dan? (Outlook/Prognosis) tih a ni.

Asthma diagnosis tih hian i nun a titawp tihna a ni lo. Damdawi lam kaihhruaina dik leh enkawlna mumal tak i neih chuan nun famkim, thawkrim leh hlim tak i nei thei a ni. Entirnan, khawvel huapa infiammi tam tak chuan an asthma an enkawl laiin hlawhtlinna nasa tak an chang a ni.

Asthma Nei Nun

Asthma Action Plan kha zawm rawh.

Hei hi hlawhtlinna atana i hmanraw pawimawh ber a ni.

I damdawi ei tur chu a tih ang chiah khan ei rawh.

I schedule kha vawng tlat la, i dose te kha skip ngai suh.

Triggers te hi pumpelh rawh.

I natna lan chhuahna tichhe thei thil emaw, boruak emaw atanga hla takah awm rawh.

Damdawi lam enfiah fo thin.

Nunphung hrisel tak vawng reng rawh.

Chaw ei tha la, exercise la fo la, mut tlem i neih ngei ngei tur a ni.

Asthma attack na tak i neih chuan engtin nge ni ang?

Asthma attack na tak chu nunna atana hlauhawm medical emergency a ni. Enkawlna zawng nghal rawh.

• A hmasa berin i "rescue inhaler" kha hmang nghal rawh. Minute 20 chhunga hahdamna i tawn loh chuan hmang leh rawh.
• Symptoms a la awm reng a nih chuan, emaw, i inhaler i neih loh chuan 911 call emaw, emergency room hnai ber pan nghal emaw, i hriat chuan:
  • Lungkhamna nasa tak emaw, hlauhna emaw.
  • I kut zungtang, hmui emaw, i hmuiah emaw rawng bluish (hei hi vun rawng dum zawkah chuan grey emaw white emaw angin a lang thei).
  • Chhung natna emaw pressure nasa tak emaw.
  • Khuh reng emaw, thawk hah na tak emaw.
  • Thusawi harsa.
  • A hmai dum, thawmhnaw hring dup.
  • Thâwk rang, hahthlak tak.

Zawhna zawh fo thin (FAQ) .

Asthma leh Thluak lam Virus (eg, COVID-19) .

Asthma i neih chuan thawkna lama virus avanga harsatna i tawk thei a, chu chuan damdawi ina dah theihna a thlen thei a ni. Mipui tamna hmunah mask vuah a pawimawh hle a, vaccine chungchang hriat reng a pawimawh a, mimal damlo nena inhnaih loh a pawimawh hle.

A tawi zawngin:

Asthma hi a awm fo thin. I hriselna hriatthiamna leh hma la hmasa la, i nunah nghawng a neih chu i tihtlem thei a ni. I thawk danah pawh danglamna tlemte pawh i hriat chuan doctor rawn nghal rawh. Nangmah chauh i ni lo tih hre reng ang che; Nirogi Lanka-a i medical team, chhungte leh ṭhiante chu an thlawp che a ni.