Breast cancer tana beiseina thar: PI3K Inhibitors chungchang hi awlsam takin i zir ang u (PI3K Inhibitors for ER+ Breast Cancer)

Hnute cancer tih thumal kan hriat hian mi tam tak chuan kan hlau thin. Mahse kan hriatthiam tur pawimawh tak chu hnute cancer zawng zawng hi a inang vek lo tih hi a ni. A chi hrang hrang a awm a. A chi khat chu ‘estrogen receptor positive’ emaw, damdawi lama kan sawi angin ER+ (Estrogen-Receptor-Positive) hnute cancer hi a ni. Dik tak chuan hnute cancer hmuhchhuah zinga 80% chauh hi he chi hi an ni. Chuvangin vawiin hian heng ER+ hnute cancer enkawlna atana damdawi class thar, hlawhtling tak hmuhchhuah tawh chungchang kan sawi dawn a ni.

A hmasain, ER+ hnute cancer chu eng nge ni?

A awlsam zawngin sawi ila, kan taksaa hormone estrogen hian heng cancer cell te hi a tipung thei a ni. Heng cancer cell te hian an chung lamah ‘lock’ (receptor) bik an nei a, chu chu estrogen hormone in a inzawm tir thei ang tih han ngaihtuah teh. He ‘lock’-ah hian ‘key’ estrogen hormone an tih chu a in fit chuan cancer cell te hian inthen darh tur leh thang lian turin ‘signal’ an dawng thin.

Hei vang hian doctor ten ER+ cancer enkawl nan hormone therapy an pe fo thin. Heng enkawlnate hian ‘key’ (estrogen) chu ‘lock’ (receptors) nena inzawmna a titawp a ni. Mahse a chang chuan, a bik takin cancer chu taksa pum puiah (advanced emaw metastatic emaw) a darh tawh chuan heng cancer cell te hi an fing hle thin. Heng hormone hmanga enkawlnaah hian an do thei ta a, chu chu enkawlna an dawn angin an chhang tha lo tihna a ni. Hei hi enkawlna thar, hlawk zawk kan mamawh hun a ni.

Cancer cell - PI3K leh PIK3CA genes te 'growth switch' a ni

Doctor leh scientist-te chuan heng hormone-resistant cancer awm chhan an zawn lai hian thil danglam tak an hmuchhuak a: PI3K (Phosphatidylinositol-3-Kinase) pathway , kan taksaa cell-te thanlenna, inthen darh, leh dam khawchhuahna controltu key signaling system-ah chhiatna a awm a ni.

He PI3K pathway hi cell pakhata ‘switchboard’ lian tak angin han ngaihtuah teh. Cell pakhat chu a lo thang lian tur nge a inthen tur tih chungchanga thutlukna siamte chu a thunun a ni. He switchboard control tu gene lian ber pakhat chu PIK3CA gene a ni .

Cancer vei thenkhatah chuan he PIK3CA gene hian mutation a nei a, chu chu a danglamna emaw, a chhiatna emaw tihna a ni. Switchboard-a ‘growth’ switch chu a tlakbuak a, ‘on’ reng ang mai a ni. Tichuan cell te chu an inthen darh tan a, thunun theih lohvin an lo thang lian ta a ni. Hei hi cancer thlentu ber a ni. Research atanga a lan dan chuan ER+ hnute cancer vei zinga 40% vel chuan he PIK3CA gene mutation hi an nei a ni.

Chuti a nih chuan heng PI3K Inhibitor te hi engte nge ni?

Hetah hian he harsatna chinfelna atan hian damdawi chi khat, PI3K inhibitors tih chu an rawn dah chhuak ta a ni. Heng damdawi te hian an tih awlsam ber chu a hmaa ka sawi tawh ‘growth switch’ (PI3K pathway) ‘on’-a innghat chu uluk taka deactivate hi a ni.

Chungte chu damdawi ei angin a lo thleng tlangpui. Vawi tam tak chu he damdawi hi a hmaa kan sawi tawh hormone therapy (estrogen blocker) nen hian damlote hnenah pek thin a ni.

Engtin nge he enkawlna hi ka tan a tha em tih ka hriat theih ang?

Hei hi zawhna pawimawh tak a ni. PI3K Inhibitor hi hnute cancer vei zawng zawng hnenah pek vek a ni lo. A bik takin:

• Postmenopausal hmeichhia leh mipa damlo tan.
• Cancer hi HR+ (Hormone-Receptor-Positive) leh HER2-Negative a ni tur a ni.
• Thil pawimawh ber: Cancer cell-te hian PIK3CA gene mutation an nei tur a ni .

I cancer hian he genetic mutation hi a nei em tih hriat nan i doctor chuan special test a ti ang. Hei hi a tlangpuiin thisen sample emaw, tumor atanga tissue te tak te (biopsy) lak emaw a ni. Chu test result chuan he enkawlna hi i tan a tha em tih a hril ang.

Heng damdawi te hian eng side effect nge a thlen theih?

Cancer enkawlna dang ang bawkin PI3K inhibitor hian side effect engemaw zat a nei thei a ni. Mahse, hengte hi mi zawng zawngah a inang vek lo. Tin, tunah chuan heng side effects te hi enkawl dan tur a awm tawh bawk.

Side effects langsar zual thenkhat chu:

• Nausea leh luak chhuak
• Chaw ei chakna hloh leh taksa rihna tlahniam
• Kawngkhar natna
• Sam tlakchhamna
• Kidney, liver, emaw pancreas hnathawhna atana nghawng a neih apiang
• Skin rashes, a chang chuan na tak tak a awm thei a, vun a ti hring emaw, a blister emaw a ni thei.
• High Blood Sugar: Hei hi he damdawi chi hrang hranga side effect awm fo a ni a, PI3K pathway hi kan taksaa sugar metabolism-ah a inrawlh avangin.

Heng side effects te hi hlauthawng suh. I doctor chuan hengte hi a enfiah fo ang che. A tul chuan damdawi dose a tihhniam ang a, rei vak lo (medication holiday) a ei tawh lo ang a, a side effects control nan damdawi dang a pe ang che. I damdawi ei kha titawp ngai suh la, doctor zawt lovin a dose pawh thlak ngai suh.

Research atanga a lan dan chuan thisen sugar level control nan diabetes damdawi ei emaw, low-carb, high-fat diet ( ketogenic diet ) zawm emaw hian he damdawi hi a tichak thei a ni. Mahse, ei leh in lama inthlak danglamna i siam hmain doctor nen inbiakna neih hmasak a pawimawh.

He enkawlna hi a hlawk tak tak em?

Awle. Hei hi a pawimawh ber a ni. Clinical trial tam takah chuan PIK3CA mutation nei ER+ hnute cancer vei te chuan hormone therapy nena hman dun PI3K inhibitor an hmang thei tih hmuhchhuah a ni.

Zirna lian tak pakhatah chuan he damdawi inkawp dawngtu damlote hian thla 11 vel zet chu progression-free survival an nei tih hmuhchhuah a ni. Hei hi PI3K inhibitor dawng lo, genetic mutation inang nei damlote tan chuan thla 6 aia rei lo a ni. Hei hi inthlak danglamna lian tak leh beiseina lian tak a ni. Hetiang hlawhtlinna avang hian tunah hian he damdawi chi hrang hranga damdawi thar siam chhuah a ni ta a ni.