I naute lu leh thluak than dan (Cephalic Disorders) i zir dawn teh ang.

Nu ni tur i nih emaw, i chhungkuaa mi tu emaw chuan naute a beisei a nih chuan i naute hriselna chungchang engkim hriat a pawimawh hle a ni lawm ni? A châng chuan, naute lu, thluak, ruhro (spinal cord) chu a pum chhungah a ṭhang ṭha lo hle. Hengte hi Cephalic Disorders kan tih te hi an ni . He hming i hriat hian hlau suh, a buaithlak deuh nachungin, a awlsam zawngin, i hriatthiam theih angin kan sawi dawn a ni.

Heng Cephalic Disorders te hi engte nge ni?

A awlsam zawngin sawi ila, cephalic disorders hi embryonic stage-a awm, chu chu naute pum chhunga a lo thanglian lai te, thluak leh ruhro (spinal cord) a lo thang tha lo lai te a ni. Hengte hi nervous system hmun thenkhat malformation a ni. Heng dinhmunte hian taksa peng dang, taksa peng dang leh system hrang hrangah thil danglam a thlen thei \hin.

"Cephalic" tih thumal hi hmân lai Greek tawng aṭanga lo chhuak a ni a, a awmzia chu "lu" tihna a ni. Heng dinhmunte hian thluak hi a huam ber a, mahse, thluak leh ruhro chu a lo thanglian dun avangin ruhro (spinal cord) pawh a nghawng thei a ni. An pahnih hian kan Central Nervous System (CNS) an siam a ni.

Heng dinhmunte hi a na lo atanga a na lutuk thlengin a awm thei. Nausen na tak tak thenkhatah chuan nausen hian heng natna te hi a tuar thei lo mai thei. Hei hian naupai kar 20 chhungin nau a pai thei a, kar 20 hnuah nau thi a awm thei bawk.

Cephalic disorder chi hrang hrang a awm em?

Ni e, damdawi lam thiamte chuan heng natnate hi thil pawimawh pathum hmangin an thliar hrang a:

1. Site of impact: Central nervous system (CNS) chhunga eng hmun nge a nghawng? Taksa peng dang, taksa peng dang, a nih loh leh system dang a nghawng em?

2. A nghawng dan: Engtin nge central nervous system-a a nghawng hmunte chu beisei aia danglamin an lo thanglian? Chu chu, an lian zawk em, an te zawk em, kawng dangin an inthlak em?

3. A chhan: He hmasawnna tlai chhan hi eng nge ni? Nu naupai tibuaitu thilthleng emaw, boruak emaw avanga lo awm nge, genetic a ni em?

Heng dinhmunte hi engtiang chiahin nge a awm?

Cephalic disorders hi a takah chuan thil awm lo tak a ni. Nau piang thar zinga 0.14% leh 0.16% inkar vel an nghawng a ni. Research atanga a lan dan chuan heng dinhmunte hian nau piang thi 3% leh 6% inkar a thlen a ni.

Cephalic disorder chi hrang hrangte chu engte nge ni?

Heng dinhmunte hi a bik takin chi thum-ah then theih a ni:

• Neural tube a chhiatna a awm
• Size inang lo ( lu emaw thluaka emaw) .
• Shape danglamna ( luruh emaw thluak emaw ah) .

Neural Tube-a chhiatna awm thei

Neural tube hi naupai thla khatna chhunga nausen chhunga lo piang chhuak bik a ni. Chuta tang chuan a hnuah thluak, ruhro leh ruhro te chu a lo piang chhuak thin. Phên dangin sawi ila, naute nervous system lungphum a ni. Chuvangin, heng neural tube nena inzawm hian central nervous system (CNS) hmasawnna chu direct-in a nghawng a ni.

Heng dinhmunte hian thluak emaw, ruhro emaw hmasawnna kawng thenkhat chu a tisual thei a, a thleng lo thei bawk. Entirna tlemte chu hetiang hi a ni:

• Anencephaly: Hei hi natna khirh tak a ni a, thluak leh luruh hmun tam zawk chu a lo thang lo emaw, a lo thang lian lo emaw a ni.
• Encephalocele: Luruh chhunga khur awm, thluak tissue leh cerebrospinal fluid chu luruh atanga sac ang maia chhuak.
• Spina bifida: Spinal cord a lo thanglian kim loh. Hei hi chi dang pawh a awm a, chu chu meningocele leh myelomeningocele te hi a ni.
• Chiari malformation: Thluak thenkhat chu luruh hnuai lama hawnna atanga rawn chhuak a ni. (Type II hian myelomeningocele an tih, spina bifida an tih natna a thlen thei a ni.)

Size hrang hrang

Hengte hi lu emaw central nervous system lian tham tak tichhe thei inthlak danglamna a ni. Ngaihtuah teh, a chang chuan lu hi a lian thei hle a, a chang chuan a te hle thei bawk.

• Skull size hrang hrang: 1.1.
• Macrocephaly: Lu lian lo tak nei.
• Microcephaly: Lu te tak te, a pangngai lo taka nei.
• Thluak size inthlak danglamna:
• Megalencephaly: Thluak lian lo tak neih.
• Microencephaly: Thluak te tak te, a pangngai lo tak tak neih.

Shape hrang hrang

Chungte chu luruh emaw thluak pianzia inthlak danglamna a ni.

• Luruh pianzia inthlak danglamna:
• Acrocephaly: Lu sang emaw, lu zungpui emaw.
• Brachycephaly: Lu hi a zau a, a hnung lamah a flat a, a zungbun a ni lo.
• Thluak pianzia inthlak danglamna:
• Holoprosencephaly: Thluak hemisphere (sides) te hi a inthen lo.
• Lissencephaly: Thluak smooth tak, thluak chung lamah wrinkles emaw fingerprint ang chi bumps awm lo.
• Hydranencephaly: Luruh chhunga cerebrospinal fluid tam lutuk avanga cerebral hemispheres te a lo thang tha lo tihna a ni. (Hei hi hydrocephalus an tih natna nen a danglam a ni.)

Heng natna lan chhuah dante hi engte nge ni?

Cephalic disorders symptoms hi a dinhmun a zirin a inang lo hle. Heng natna hi a tam em avangin a lan chhuah dan pawh a inang lo thei hle bawk.

A lan chhuah dan tlangpui thenkhat chu:

• Thinlung lama harsatna nei te.
• Seizures emaw epilepsy emaw a awm thei.
• Muscle control lama harsatna leh movement disorder te a awm bawk.
• Hriatthiamna (hriatna, hriatna, rim, thlum, khawih) a\anga a \hen emaw a hloh vek emaw.
• Spine emaw spinal nerves lama harsatna avanga chak lohna emaw paralysis emaw.
• Taksa automatic process-a tihbuai, chaw ei leh thawk dan.
• Natna (hei hi chhan hrang hrang avanga lo awm thei a ni a, mi tin a inang lo thei).

Heng neurological disorders bakah hian taksa chhunga system dangte pawh a nghawng thei a, harsatna a nei thei bawk. Chûngte chu a chhan leh a dinhmun a zirin a inang lo thei hle. I doctor chuan i dinhmun bik a zirin a natna lan chhuah dan tur chu a hrilhfiah tha zawk thei ang.

Cephalic Disorders hi engte nge ni?

Thluak emaw nervous system lo thanglian dan tibuaitu eng thil pawh hian cephalic disorder a thlen thei a ni. Heng chhan awm thei te hi chi hrang hrangah an inthen a:

• Genetics: Cephalic disorder tam tak hi nu leh pa atanga DNA mutations rochun emaw, a lo awm thar emaw avanga lo awm thei a ni.
• Naupai laia nu damdawi lam dinhmun: Damdawi lam thil chi hrang hrang hian nausen hmasawnna a nghawng thei a. Entirnan, metabolic natna leh ei leh in lama harsatna (a bik takin minerals copper, zinc leh folate (folic acid - vitamin B9) te.Tin, infection thenkhat toxoplasmosis, cytomegalovirus emaw rubella te hian heng natna hi a thlen thei bawk.
• Thil engemaw tak nena inzawmna: Thil engemaw, damdawi emaw, boruak emaw hian nausen hmasawnna a nghawng thei a ni. Mithiamte chuan hengte hi "teratogens" an ti bawk. Entirnan: toxic metals lead leh mercury te, antibiotics thenkhat, emaw thisen tithianghlimtu te.
• Environment dinhmun: X-ray machine atanga radiation lak emaw, hot tub emaw sauna emaw-a hun hman hian nausen chu a nghawng thei bawk. Naupai laia taksa hliam hian nausen a tihchhiat theihna a tipung thei a, nervous system hmasawnna a tichhe thei bawk.

Heng dinhmunte hi engte nge ni?

Cephalic disorders hi risk factor tam tak a awm a. Thil ṭhenkhat, i gene leh chhungkaw chanchin ang chi hi kan thunun theih loh a ni. Ṭhenkhat chu naupai laiin thil tih emaw hna thenkhat tih loh emaw, naupai laiin sangha chi hrang hrang (nga dang ei thin sangha te hian mercury an nei sang hle) ei tlem te ang chi te hi enkawl theih a ni.

I doctor chuan i risk factors leh chutiang chungchanga i tih theihte chu a hriat theih nan a pui thei che a ni. I chhungkuaa mi tu emaw chuan cephalic disorder a neih chuan specialist dang, genetic counselor ang chi hmu turin an rawt thei bawk.

Cephalic Disorders hian eng harsatna nge a thlen?

Heng dinhmun ang bawkin an harsatna pawh a inang lo hle. Condition thenkhatah chuan harsatna tenau te chauh a awm a, a nih loh leh harsatna a awm lo thei bawk. Mi dangte chuan harsatna nasa tak an nei a, chu chu thawk lama harsatna, seizure, a nih loh leh thinlung natna te hi a ni. A nasat ber lai chuan cephalic disorder hian thluak leh nervous system a lo thang tha thei lo. Hei vang hian natna khirh tak tak hi nunna atana hlauhawm tak a ni fo thin.

I fain eng complication nge a neih theih tih leh eng nge i tih theih tih hrilh turin i doctor hi a tha ber a ni.

Engtin nge cephalic disorder hi an hriat chhuah thin?

Cephalic disorder tam tak hi pian hmain imaging technology sonography hmangin hriat theih a ni. Ṭhenkhat chu pian hnua taksa enfiahna hmanga hriat theih a ni. Thil dang dangah chuan a chhan dik tak hriat theih nan diagnostic, imaging leh lab testing dang neih belh a ngai thei bawk.

Naute pian hma leh a pian hnua test theih thenkhat chu hetiang hi a ni:

• X-ray emaw Computed Tomography (CT) hmanga tih theih a ni.
• Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) hmanga enfiah a ni.
• Thisen emaw taksa tui dang emaw lab test.
• Genetic testing (nau piang hma emaw, pian hnu emaw).

A dinhmun rinhlelh dan, a lan chhuah dan leh thil dang a zirin naute pian hnuah test dang pawh tih theih a ni. I doctor hi an rawtna test chungchang hrilh tam zawk tur chea mi tha ber a ni.

Engtin nge heng dinhmunte hi enkawl a nih? An dam thei ang em?

Cephalic disorder enkawlna hi a inang lo hle. Thil awm dan thenkhat chu enkawl theih loh a ni a, a nghawng pawh a nasat em avangin nunpui theih a ni lo.

Condition thenkhat chu surgery emaw, kawng dang emaw hmanga enkawl theih a ni. Mahse, cephalic disorder tam tak hi direct-a enkawl theih a ni lo va, a lan chhuah dan enkawl tum hi a ni. Hei hian damdawi hman te, operation te, assistive devices te, leh corrective braces te a huam thei a ni.

Hei hi a danglam thei hle a, chuvangin i doctor chu nangmah emaw, i hmangaih tak emaw tan eng duhthlan tur nge awm tih sawifiahtu tha ber a ni. Eng enkawlna leh duhthlan tur nge awm tih te, eng nge an rawt tih te, leh i fain enkawlna atanga hlawkna tam ber a hmuh theih nan emaw, a hlawk zawk theih nan eng nge i tih theih tih te an hrilh thei che a ni.

Ka fa hian cephalic disorder a neih chuan eng nge ka beisei theih ang?

Vawi tam tak chu, nangmah emaw, nu leh pa emaw, enkawltu emaw, enkawltu dang emaw chuan i fain cephalic disorder a nei tih i hre hmasa ber ṭhin. Hei hi a chhan chu cephalic disorder tam zawk hi pian tirh emaw, kum engemaw zat chhungin emaw hmuhchhuah a nih vang a ni. Hei hi a inang lo thei hle a, chuvangin i doctor chu i beisei tur hrilhtu tha ber a ni.

Cephalic disorder thenkhat hian naupang nunah nghawng tlemte chauh a nei thei a, tanpuina tlem emaw, inthlak danglamna emaw tlemte hmanga enkawl theih a ni. Ṭhenkhat phei chu an naupan laiin operation emaw, damdawi lam thil dang emaw hmangin siam ṭhat theih an ni.

Mahse, cephalic disorder hi a na hle fo. Naupangin mahni inenkawl theihna te, mahni tana thu tlûkna siam theihna te, a nih loh leh mahni inrintawkna neia khawsak theihna te chu an ti tlem thei a ni. Thil tam takah chuan hetiang natna nei naupangte hian thluak a tichhia nasa hle. Anmahni an inenkawl thei lo emaw, an dinhmun an hrethiam thei lo emaw pawh a ni thei.

Heng dinhmunte hi eng chen nge a awm?

Cephalic disorders hi pianpui natna a ni a, pian tirh lamah a awm tihna a ni. Ṭhenkhat chu pian hnuah a ṭhen emaw, a pum pui emaw siam ṭhat theih a nih laiin, tam tak erawh chu siam ṭhat theih a ni lo. Siamthat leh enkawl theih loh an nih chuan dam chhung zawnga dinhmun an ni.

Chûng dinhmunte chu eng nge ni ang?

Cephalic disorders awm dan tur hi mi hrang hrangah a inang lo hle a, natna inang nei zingah pawh a inang lo hle. Hei hi a chhan chu heng dinhmunte hi mi tin tan kawng hrang hrangin a lo awm thei a ni. I fa doctor chu a hmalam hun tur leh a tihchangtlun theih dan tur hrilhtu tha ber a ni.

Cephalic Disorders hi ven theih a ni em?

Heng dinhmunte hi beisei loh takin a thleng thei a, chuvangin 100% chiang taka ven theih a ni lo. Anmahni thlentu genetic conditions hi rochun a nih fo laiin, a chang chuan spontaneous mutations avanga lo awm thei a ni bawk a, chu chu nangmah atanga i fate hnena pek chhuah a ni lo tihna a ni.

A ven kim thei lo nain, naupai laiin nausen thanna lama harsatna awm thei tihziaawmna tur thil i tih theih a awm.

Risk tihtlem nan eng nge ka tih theih ang?

Nausen pianphung lama harsatna awm thei tihziaawmna kawng hrang hrang a awm a:

• Teratogens hi pumpelh tur a ni:Heavy metal, chemical leh damdawi, nausen thanlenna tibuaitu hlauhawm tak takte nena inhriat loh tur. Tin, zu, non-prescription drug hman, leh zuk leh hmuam (vaping telin) te pawh pumpelh bawk ang che.
• Hlauhawm laka inveng rawh: Naupai laiin nausen taksa tichhe thei thil tih loh tur. Tin, khaw lum leh khaw vawt tak tak, hot tub leh sauna ang chi thil tih loh tur.
• I chhungkaw hlauhawmna hre rawh: I chhungkuaa mi pakhatin cephalic disorder a neih tawh chuan naupai hma emaw, naupai tirh lamah emaw genetic testing neih tur nge tih i doctor nen sawiho rawh. I chhungkaw risk hriat loh chuan i doctor chuan test i neih leh neih loh tur a hrilh ang che.
• Ei leh in hi dah pawimawh hmasa rawh: Naupai emaw, naupai thuai tum emaw i nih chuan naupai lai hian ei leh in hi i dah pawimawh ber tur a ni. Nitin ei tur pawimawh tak tak folate (folic acid emaw vitamin B9 tia hriat bawk) te chu i ei ngei ngei tur a ni. Sri Lanka-ah chuan nu naupai te hnenah folic acid pek thin a ni. I doctor chuan i mamawh zat leh i ei tur nutrient dangte a hrilh ang che. I awmna hmuna Family Health Worker (PHM) hnen atangin thurawn i la thei bawk.

Engtin nge ka fa ka enkawl ang?

Naupang cephalic disorder nei chu enkawl theih a nih leh nih loh leh enkawl theih dan tur chu thil tam takah a innghat a ni. Hei hian naupang dinhmun leh a nasat dan te a huam a ni. Naupang cephalic disorder nei tam tak chu a nasat em avangin dam chhung damdawi lam enkawlna an mamawh a ni. Ṭhenkhat chuan damdawi lam pan fo chauh an mamawh mai thei. Mi dangte chuan 24/7 skilled care an mamawh thei a, chu chu medical facility-ah chauh pek theih a ni.

He chhanna hi a danglam thei hle a, chuvangin i fa, emaw, i hmangaih tak, he natna vei hian anmahni an enkawl theih leh theih loh hrilhtu tur che chu i doctor a ni. I doctor chuan i fa enkawl dan tur tha ber tur a kaihruai thei bawk che a ni.

Nau pai tur nu leh pate chuan nausen piang thar lo piang tur hian thil dik lo a awm tih emaw, an naute piang thar hian natna khirh tak a nei tih emaw an hre duh ngai lo. Cephalic disorder thenkhat chu a tenau deuh a ni a, chu chu naute nunah nghawng a nei tlem hle emaw, a nghawng lo emaw tihna a ni. Midang pawh enkawl theih a ni. Vanduaithlak takin thenkhat chu an nasat em avangin thihna thlen thei emaw, dam chhung zawng harsatna thlen thei emaw an ni.

Hetiang dinhmun hian eng emaw ti taka i nun a nghawng hian hlauhna, lungkhamna, thinrimna i neih hi thil pangngai tak a ni. Heng zawng zawng chhung hian nangmah leh i hmangaih tak takte enkawl hi i ngaihtuah a pawimawh hle. I doctor-te chuan he kalphung hi an kaihruai thei che a, i beisei tur chungchanga zawhnate pawh an chhang thei bawk. Thil thleng leh i tih theihte hriatthiamna atana i mamawh resources leh support zawng turin an pui thei bawk che. A tawpah eng pawh ni se, eng thil pawh thleng se, i hmachhawn theih nan, i enkawl theih nan emaw, i dam theih nan emaw, i tih theih tur thil a awm a, chu chu nangmah chauha i paltlang tur a ni lo.

Hriat reng tur pawimawh ber berte (Take-Home Message) .

• Nausen pum chhunga thluak leh ruhro (spinal cord) a lo thang tha tawk lo a nih chuan Cephalic disorders hi a ni.
• Hengte hi a tlem hle a, mahse a tenau atanga na tak thlengin a awm thei.
• A chhan hrang hrang: genetics, naupai laia nu dinhmun, thil engemaw tak nena inhmuhna, etc.
• A natna lan chhuah dan, enkawl dan leh a thlir dan chu a dinhmun a zirin a inang lo hle. Damdawi lam thurawn lak a pawimawh hle.
• A ven kim thei lo nain, naupai laiin nunphung hrisel zawm (a bik takin folic acid ei) leh risk factors te pumpelh a, a hlauhawmna chu eng emaw chen chu tihziaawm theih a ni.
• Hetiang dinhmunah hian hlauhna inhriat hi thil pangngai tak a ni. Nangmah chauh i ni lo, doctor leh support group te hnen atangin tanpuina la rawh.