I fate hi he bacteria (Haemophilus influenzae) vang hian harsatna a tawk thei ang em? I fimkhur ang u!

Aw, kan fate naute an damloh huna kan hlauhthawn leh lungkhamna hi sawifiah theih loh a ni lawm ni? Kan vai hian khawsik fo, khuh leh khawsik ang chi thilte hi kan buaipui vek a ni. Mahse a chang chuan kan fate pawhin hêng natna tlanglawn tak tak aiin infection a na deuh deuh pawh an nei thei bawk. Vawiin hian naupang kum nga hnuai lam te, chutiang bawkin puitling taksa chak lohna nei te pawh a nghawng thei bacteria chungchang kan sawi dawn a ni. He bacteria hming hi `Haemophilus influenzae` a ni.

`Haemophilus influenzae` tih hi eng nge ni?

A awlsam zawngin sawi ila, Haemophilus influenzae hi bacteria chi khat a ni. He bacteria hian natna chi hrang hrang a thlen thei a ni. Ṭhenkhat chu beng natna ang chi tenau te pawh a ni thei. Mahse a chang chuan he bacteria hian natna khirh tak tak, nunna atana hlauhawm tak tak, thisen rimchhia ang chi te a thlen thei a ni.

Heng natna hrik te hian naupang kum nga hnuai lam a kai tam ber . Tin, taksa hriselna chak lo (entir nan, natna khirh tak tak nei, cancer vei ang chi) te pawh heng bacteria atanga natna vei an tam zawk bawk.

H. influenzae natna thenkhat chu “invasive” infection kan tih ang chi hi a ni. Chu chu, kan taksa hmun pangngaia hrik awm lohna hmunah bacteria te hi an lut tihna a ni. Entirnan, kan thluak leh ruhro vel tuiah bacteria a lut chuan thluak inflammation meningitis a thlen thei a ni. Hei hi dinhmun hlauhawm tak a ni . Heng invasive infection chi hrang hrangte hi damdawi ina dah leh enkawl a ngai tlangpui a, a chang chuan thihna pawh a thlen thei bawk.

`Haemophilus influenzae` type b (Hib) chu eng nge ni?

Haemophilus influenzae bacteria hi group hnih ah then an ni ber. Pakhat chu “encapsulated” type a ni a, pakhat chu “non-encapsulated” type a ni. “Encapsulated” tih hian bacteria hian pawn lam khuhna, shell ang maia venhimna a nei tihna a ni. He shell hian heng bacteria te hi antibiotics thenkhat lakah a do thei a ni. Heng encapsulated bacteria te hi “a” atanga “f” thlengin subgroup ah an inthen leh ta a ni.

Chung zinga a tam ber leh hlauhawm ber chu Haemophilus influenzae type b a ni a, chu chu a tawi zawngin Hib kan ti a ni . Hib infection hian naupang kum nga hnuai lam leh kum 65 chunglam a nghawng tam ber. Tin, taksa hriselna chak lote tan natna thlentu an tam zawk bawk. Entir nan:

• `Sickle cell natna` vei te.
• Mihring rilru na (spleen) nei lo (asplenia).
• Antibody emaw complement system emaw tlakchhamna nei te.
• HIV hrik kai te.
• Cancer natna avanga chemotherapy, radiation, emaw bone marrow transplant dawng mekte.

Vanneihthlak takin heng Haemophilus influenzae type b infection lakah hian Hib vaccine hmang hian kan inveng thei a ni. Hemi chungchang hi nakinah kan sawi leh ang.

Haemophilus influenzae hian influenza a thlen em?

Hei hi mi tam tak tibuaitu a ni. `Haemophilus influenzae` tih hming hian `influenzae` nei mahse, he bacterium hian influenza (flu) a thlen lo . Chu chu virus hran hran atanga lo chhuak natna a ni. Amaherawhchu, a hmaa kan sawi tawh ang khan he bacterium hian natna khirh tak dang tam tak a thlen thei a ni.

`Haemophilus influenzae` hian eng natna nge a thlen theih?

He bacteria avanga natna leh hri kai awm thei lian ber berte chu hetiang hi a ni:

• Ear Infection (Otitis Media): Beng lai tak, beng hnung lama natna hrik awm. Hei hi naupang tê têah a awm fo.
• Bronchitis: Chu chu lung chhunga air tube te te (bronchi) te infect a, a hring a, mucus tam lutuk a siam thinna a ni.
• Vun leh tissue infection (`Cellulitis`): Bacteria hi vun leh a hnuaia tissue-ah hian hliam emaw, hliam emaw hmangin a lut a.
• Epiglottitis: Epiglottis natna hrik, kan kawr hnung lama flap te tak te, kan ei huna thlipui (windpipe) khuh tu. Hei hi thil pawi tak leh hlauhawm tak a ni a, thawk harsatna a thlen thei a ni.
• Pneumonia: Lung pakhat emaw, a pahnih emaw natna. Chutah chuan lung chu a lo hring a, mucus a khat ta a ni.
• Meningitis: Thluak leh ruhro vel a membrane (meninges) te natna.
• Septicemia: Bacteria chu thisenah lutin taksa pum puiah a darh chhuak a. Hei pawh hi a hlauhawm hle.
• Septic arthritis: Ruh chhunga natna hrik awm. Taksa hmun danga natna hrik chu thisen kaltlangin ruh (joint)-ah a darh chuan a thleng tlangpui.

Heng natna thenkhat, a bik takin Epiglottitis leh Meningitis te hi a na hle thuai thei tih hre reng ang che. Chuvangin, natna lan chhuah dan i hriat veleh damdawi lam pan vat a pawimawh hle.

Haemophilus influenzae hian tute nge a nghawng nasa ber?

Hib vaccine hi kan rama naupang vaccine pek dan pangngaia tel a ni. Chuvangin H. influenzae natna hian naupang Hib vaccine la lote a nghawng ber a ni. Nau piang thar, vaccination series la zo lote pawh an hlauhawm hle.

H. influenzae hi Alaska Native naupang zingah pawh a tam zawk nia sawi a ni a, vaccine pek tawh pawh nise. Kum 65 chunglam leh taksa hriselna chak lo nei te pawh a nghawng bawk .

`Haemophilus influenzae` hi engtiang chiahin nge a awm?

United States-ah chuan kum 1987-a naupangte tana Hib vaccine hman a nih hnuah leh kum 1990-a naute tan hman a nih hnuah he natna vei hi a tlahniam hle a ni .Vaccine hman a nih hma hian kum tin naupang kum 5 hnuai lam 20,000 velin Hib natna na tak an vei a, mi 1,000 vel an thi bawk. Mahse vaccine hmang hian kum 1991 atang khan Hib natna na tak chu 99% aia tamin a tlahniam a, kum 2019 khan naupang kum 5 hnuai lam 100,000 zinga 0.15 velin Hib natna an vei a ni.

Tunah chuan kum zawng zawnga Haemophilus influenzae kai tam zawk hi non-typeable H. influenzae vang a ni. Kum 2019 khan naupang kum 5 hnuai lam 100,000 zinga 1.62-in he hri kai hi an vei a ni. Tunah chuan naupangte zingah heng hri kai chhan tam ber chu vaccine la lo emaw, vaccination series kimchang la zo lo emaw zingah a ni Kum 65 chunglam puitling zingah non-typeable H. influenzae infection rate chu mi 100,000 zingah 4.88 a ni.

`Haemophilus influenzae` natna lan chhuah dan chu engte nge ni?

Nausen leh naupang tê tête Haemophilus influenzae symptoms chu an natna bik an neih danah a innghat a ni. Natna lian tham tlemte chhinchhiah dan han en ila.

Beng natna (`Otitis Media`) natna lan chhuah dan:

• Beng na (naute chuan a beng a chelh a, a tap thei) .
• Chaw chakna
• Hahdam lohna, tap reng reng
• Mu thei lo
• Khawsik
• Beng atanga tui ang maia chhuak
• Hriat harsa (naupang upa deuh chuan chutiang chuan a sawi ang) .

Bronchitis natna lan chhuah dan:

• A tam zawk, phlegmy cough
• Nunna nei lo taksa
• A rilru a buai hle
• Khawsik
• Thâwk harsa

Vun natna (Cellulitis) natna lan chhuah dan:

• Infected area-ah natna, khawih chuan na
• Vung
• A khawih pawhin a lum tih hriat
• Vun rawng danglam (redness, purpleness) .
• Blistering a awm
• Khawsik leh khawsik
• Hnathawh hahthlak tak a ni

Epiglottitis symptoms (hei hi emergency a ni!):

• Thlarau na na tak
• Khawsik
• Thâwk chhuah laiin thawm pangngai lo, khauh tak (stridor) .
• Chaw ei harsat
• Drooling a awm
• Thâwk harsa tak (naupang chuan an kawr hrual a, hmalam pan a, thawk a tum mai thei) .

Pneumonia natna lan chhuah dan:

• Khawsik leh khawsik
• Khuh (phlegmy emaw dry emaw pawh a ni thei) .
• Thâwk harsa, thawk hah
• Thawmhnaw hak
• A rilru a na
• Lu na
• Muscle na a na
• Hnathawh hahthlak tak a ni

Meningitis natna lan chhuah dan (hei pawh hi emergency a ni!):

• Khawsik sang tak a nei
• Lu na na tak
• Kawngkhar khauh (hma lam pan thei lo) .
• Hnathawh hahthlak tak a ni
• Chaw chakna
• Luak chhuak leh luak chhuak
• Restlessness, thinrimna
• Rilru tibuai
• Seizures a awm thin

Septicemia natna lan chhuah dan (hei pawh hi emergency a ni!):

• Khawsik leh khawsik
• Pum natna
• Luak chhuak leh luak chhuak
• Kawthalo
• Lungkhamna emaw, buaina emaw
• Hnathawh hahthlak tak a ni
• Thâwk harsa, thawk hah

Ruh natna (`Septic Arthritis`) a lan chhuah dan:

• Khawsik
• Joint na, tenderness
• Joint swelling a awm
• A khawih pawhin a lumna
• Joint tha taka kal theih lohna (limited range of motion) .

Eng thilin nge Haemophilus influenzae hi a thlen?

Tunah chuan `Haemophilus influenzae` hi bacteria chi khat a ni tih kan hre ta. He bacteria hi subtype paruk a awm a, a atanga f thlengin a awm. A chi dangte chu "non-typeable" tiin an thliar hrang a ni. Chung zinga type b, a nih loh leh `Hib` hian natna khirh tak, invasive infection 95% a thlen a ni.

Heng bacteria te hi a tlangpuiin kan hnar leh kan kawr chhungah an awm thin. A tam zawkah chuan chutah chuan harsatna an siam ngai lo. Amaherawhchu, heng bacteria te hi taksa peng dangah an kal chuan natna hrik an thlen thin.

Haemophilus influenzae hi a kai theih em?

Awle. He bacteria laka vaccine pek loh leh venhim i nih loh chuan Haemophilus influenzae hmangin i na thei a ni.

Engtin nge Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) hi a kai theih?

Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) hi mi pakhat atanga mi dangah a kai darh a , chu chu natna vei miin a khuh emaw, a thawk hah emaw avanga thawkna lama tui chhuak (respiratory droplets) hmangin a darh thin Heng droplet-ah hian bacteria hi a awm a, midangte chu heng droplet-te hi an thawk a nih chuan an na thei bawk. Tin, hnar emaw, a kawr emawa bacteria nei (a lan chhuah loh pawhin) nena inhnaih tak, rei tak nena inbiak pawhin a darh thei bawk. Scientist-te chuan Hib bacteria hi thil nung lo chungah emaw, boruak chhungah emaw a nung thei lo niin an ngai.

Eng chen nge breeder ka nih theih ang?

Mithiamte chuan Haemophilus influenzae "incubation period" dik tak - bacteria taksaa a luh hnua a natna lan chhuah hun chhung hi an hre chiang lo. Mahse, zirchiangtute chuan hri kai atanga ni engemaw zat chhungin symptoms a lang thei niin an ngai.

Engtin nge Haemophilus influenzae hi hmuhchhuah a nih?

I doctor chuan laboratory test pakhat emaw a aia tam emaw hmangin H. influenzae infection a hmuchhuak tlangpui ang. I thisen, i ruhro tui, ruh tui, pleural tui (lung vel tui), a nih loh leh beng lai tak aspirate sample an la thei a ni .

Test hmasa ber chu `Gram staining` an ti a. He `Gram stain` hian sample chhunga bacteria awm leh awm loh leh natna thlentu bacteria chi hrang hrang a enfiah thin. Chumi hnuah chuan i doctor chuan thisen emaw taksa tui emaw `culture` a siam thei bawk a, chu chuan bacteria a awm leh awm loh a finfiah thei bawk.

`Haemophilus influenzae` hi gram-positive nge gram-negative?

`Gram stain` hnuaiah hian bacteria chu rawng pahnih zinga pakhat (pink atanga red emaw purple atanga blue emaw) atanga inthlak a ni. `Gram-negative` emaw `Gram-positive` emaw tia thliar hran an ni. `Haemophilus influenzae` hi gram-negative `coccobacillus` (bacterium tawi, tiang ang chi) a ni . Microscope hmanga en chuan an sen angin an lang. Gram-negative bacteria hian pawn lam hnah khauh tak an nei a. Hei hian a venghim a, thah harsa a ti hle. Antibiotics awm tawh tam zawk lakah an do thei a, heng bacteria te hian attack atanga tlanchhuahna kawng thar an zawng thei a ni.

Haemophilus influenzae hi engtin nge enkawl a nih?

Haemophilus influenzae enkawl dan chu i natna chi hrang hrang emaw, natna i neih danah a innghat a ni. A tlangpuiin antibiotics hi natna dona atan pek thin a ni . Mahse, H. influenzae bacteria hi antibiotics lakah a do thei lo thei tih hriat reng a pawimawh.

I dinhmun a nasat dan azirin damdawi inah enkawlna dang i mamawh thei bawk. He enkawlnaah hian:

• Thâwk chhuahna – face mask (`face mask oxygen`) emaw `intubation` (thlipui chhunga tube dah a, machine nena inzawm) hmanga oxygen pek.
• Steroids chu thisen kal tlanga pek.
• Thisen hniam enkawlna tur damdawi.
• Vun chhia tan hliam enkawlna.
• Ruh natna (`Septic Arthritis`) tan surgical drainage neih a ni.

`Haemophilus influenzae` hi vaccine a awm em?

Ni e, a awm! I fate chu Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) infection laka venhimna atan Hib vaccine i pe thei a ni. World Health Organization (CDC) chuan naupang kum 2 hnuai lam zawng zawngte chu he vaccine hi pek vek turin a rawt a ni . Sri Lanka-ah pawh national vaccination program-ah telh a ni.

I fa doctor chuan Hib vaccine hi vawi thum emaw vawi li emaw a pe tlangpui ang.

• I naute hian thla 2 a tlin chuan dose hmasa ber a dawng ang .
• Dose pahnihna chu thla 4 hnuah pek thin a ni .
• Dose pali pek a nih chuan a pathumna chu thla 6-ah pek a ni .
• Tichuan, vaccination series zawh nan thla 12 leh 15 inkar ah final (booster) dose pek a ni .

Hetianga vaccine pek hmasak ber hnuah hian naupang 95% leh 100% inkar chuan Hib laka venhimna antibody level an nei a ni .

Hib vaccine hi vaccine pakhat [`PRP-T (ActHIB)`, `PRP-T (Hiberix)` emaw `PRP-OMP (Pedvax HIB)`] emaw, combination vaccine [`DTap-IPV-Hib (Pentacel)` emaw `DTap-IPV-Hib-Hep B (Vaxelis)`] emaw angin pek theih a ni. Combination vaccine chu vaccine engemaw zat a ruala pek chhuah a ni.

Hib vaccine hian Haemophilus influenzae type b infection a veng thei a ni. Amaherawhchu, H. influenzae chi dangin a veng thei lo. H. influenzae chi dang laka inven nan i fate kut chu fai la, damlote lakah hla takah dah la. I fate chu a naupan lai atangin kut sil dan zirtir rawh.

Ka fa hian Haemophilus influenzae a vei a nih chuan eng nge thleng ang?

H. influenzae infection awm theihna tur prognosis chu i fate dinhmun chi leh a nasat danah a innghat a ni. Natna hi hriatchhuah leh enkawl hmasak a nih chuan , i fa doctor chuan a natna chu a thunun thei ang.

Mahse, antibiotics hmang pawhin H. influenzae natna thenkhat chuan hun rei tak chhung harsatna a thlen thei a ni . Entirnan, naupangin thisen zam natna avangin a ke leh ke a hloh thei a ni. Meningitis (thluak natna) vei zinga 20% vel chuan hriatna lama harsatna awm reng emaw, thluak lama harsatna dang emaw an nei thei a ni. Naupang Hib vei zawng zawng zinga 3% leh 6% inkar chu he natna vang hian an thi thin.

Chuvangin vaccine lak hi a pawimawh em em kan ti a ni . Tin, natna lan chhuahna i hriat veleh damdawi lam thurawn dil chu nunna chhanhim thei a ni.

Engtikah nge ka fa hian doctor a hmuh ang?

I fain H. influenzae natna a lan chhuah chuan doctor hnenah i hruai nghal tur a ni . Heng bacteria infection te hi rang taka hriatchhuah leh enkawl a pawimawh hle.

A tawp berah chuan thil hriat reng tur (Take-Home Message) .

Bacteria `Haemophilus influenzae` hian natna chi hrang hrang a thlen thei a, natna tenau, awlsam tak atanga natna khirh tak tak, nunna atana hlauhawm tak thlengin a thlen thei a ni. Heng natna laka invenna tha ber chu vaccine pek hi a ni . CDC (World Health Organization) chuan i fate chu `Haemophilus influenzae` chi khat, type b (`Hib`) laka vaccine pek a rawt a ni. Sri Lanka rama national vaccination program-ah pawh telh a ni.

I fain `H. influenzae` infection, hun khawhral suh la, doctor pan nghal rawh . I fain enkawlna a hmuh hma chuan a dam leh theihna chance a sang zawk a, a damchhuah theihna chance a sang zawk bawk. Nu leh pa kan nih angin kan fate hriselna chungchangah fimkhur reng a pawimawh hle.

` Haemophilus influenzae, Hib, bacteria infection, naupang natna, vaccine, meningitis, pneumonia