"Mommy... Dad..." Heng thu pahnih hi naute thusawi hmasa ber a ni fo. Nu leh pa tan chuan heng thu an hriat ni aia hlim ni a awm lo. Mahse, i fate hian a kum rualpui naupang dangte aiin a tawng tlai zawkin i hria em? Chutiang thil a thlen chuan phurrit lian tak leh lungkhamna nasa tak nei chu thil pangngai a ni. Hetiang kum a nih lai hian i fa upa zawkin thumal hnih emaw thum thum emaw a sawi tih i hre reng mai thei. Hun a kal zel a, he lungkhamna hi hlauhnaah a chang thei a ni. Mahse a nihna takah chuan a tam zawkah chuan he thil hi a tul lova lungngaihna tur a awm lo. Naupang tin hian an duh dan angin tawng an zir thin.
Thusawi tihhmasawn kawnga thil pawimawh tak takte chu engte nge ni?
A vaiin naupang 100 zinga 15 atanga 25 vel chuan inbiakpawhna lama harsatna eng emaw tak an tawk a ni. Hmeichhia aiin mipa naupangte hian an tawng thiamna tihhmasawn nan hun rei vak lo an hmang thin. Mahse a tlangpuiin naupang tawng thiam dan hi kan ngaihven tur a ni.
Naupangin \awng thiamna a lo than chhoh dan hi han thlir ila. Hengte hi general level a nih laiin naupang zawng zawng hi an inang vek lo tih hriat reng a pawimawh.
| Kum | Eng nge beisei tur |
|---|---|
| Kum khat (1) a liam chuan | Thumal pakhat chauh ("mama", "daddy") a sawi tan thin. Dilna awlsam tak tak ("ball min pe rawh") a hrethiam a, a zawm bawk. |
| Kum hnih (2) tawp lamah | Thumal pahnih emaw thum emaw hmanga sentence awlsam tak hmangin a sawi thin. Thupek awlsam tak tak a zawm thin. Thu hriat tawhte sawi nawn leh a tum. |
| Kum thum (3) tawp lamah | Step hnih emaw, step thum emaw hmanga thupekte chu a hrethiam a, a zawm bawk. Chhungkaw pawn lam mi pawhin an hriatthiam theih angin thu a sawi fo thin. Thil awm dan tlangpui leh thlalak te a hre thei. |
| Kum li (4) a tlin chuan | "Engvangin nge?" "Sum" leh "danglam" tih concept hi an hrethiam a ni. Grammar dan tam zawk chu an zir chhuak tawh a ni. Letter thenkhat chu dik lo taka an lam dan tur ngaihtuah buai a ngai lo. |
| Kum nga (5) a tlin chuan | Mahni tawngkam hmangin thawnthu a sawi nawn leh thei. Thumal pakhatah thumal panga aia tam a hmang. |
Hriatthiamna leh thusawi inthlauhna
Naupang thenkhat chu an tawng tlai thei (Expressive Language), mahse receptive language tha tak an nei thei bawk. Ngaihtuah teh, ‘Infiamna chu rawn keng rawh’ i tih hian naute chu a kal a, a la a, a tawng thei lo nachungin. Chu chu thil a hrethiam thei tihna a ni. Naupangin tawng a tlai a, mahse i thusawi a hrethiam thei a nih chuan chu chu chhinchhiahna tha tak a ni. Chu chu hmasawnna lama harsatna lian tak awm theihna chance a tlem tihna a ni.
Thusawi tlai chhante chu engte nge ni?
Tun hnaiah naupang thusawi tlai an pung chho zel a. Hei hi a chhan ber pakhat chu beng natna rei tak a ni thei. Beng natna hian hriatna a tichhe thei a ni. Hriatna lama harsatna a awm chuan tawng thiam a harsa bawk. Tunlai naupang tam tak chu `day-care` ang hmunah an kal avangin naupang dang atanga natna kai leh beng natna vei theihna chance a sang zawk.
Preschool kum hi naupang thusawi leh tawng thanlenna atan hun pawimawh tak a ni. Hetih hunlaia hriselna lama harsatna lo chhuak hian chu hmasawnna chu a nghawng thei a ni.
Chu bâkah, naupang ṭhenkhat chuan thusawi ṭhan hun sawn hlat duhna genetic predisposition an nei thei bawk , environment factors pawhin chanvo a nei bawk.
Engtikah nge he thil hi kan ngaihtuah belh ang? - Risk factors te
Naupang tinte hmasawnna chu inang lo mah se, kan hriat tur thil engemaw zat a awm. Hengte hi risk factor anga kan ngaihte chu a ni:
- Kum khatnaah thawm siam: Nausen tam tak chuan kum khatnaah ‘bu boo’ leh ‘ga ga’ tih ang chi thawm an siam tan a. Heng aw siam hi a tlem a nih chuan ngaihven tur a ni.
- Entawn loh: Naute hian mom leh dad-in "mama" leh "dada" an tih lai a entawn loh chuan chu pawh chu hlauhawmna chhinchhiahna a ni thei bawk.
- Letter thenkhat lam dan:Naupang tê têin 'ல', 'ர', leh 'ஸ' tih ang chi hawrawp hi chiang taka a lam chhuah loh chuan lungngai lutuk suh. Naupang thenkhat chuan kum 7 vel an nih hma chuan heng hawrawp hi an lam thiam lo mai thei. Mahse, chu lehkhabu chu naupang hminga (e.g., "Ravindu", "Lasanda") a nih a, naupang chu khawtlang nunah a inhnukdawk a, an hming sawi duh lo a nih chuan i ngaihtuah a ngai a ni.
Ṭanpuina i mamawh chuan engtin nge i tih?
I fain tawng a tlai tih i ngaihtuah a nih chuan a tha ber chu i chhungkaw doctor (naupang enkawltu) hmuh hi a ni. I fa chu a enfiah thei a, a tul chuan speech-language pathologist hnenah a refer thei che a ni.
Speech therapist chuan i fate theihna chu a zirchiang ang a, nu leh pa angin i fate thusawi thiamna tihchangtlun dan tur a zirtir ang che.
A châng chuan, doctor-in naupang hriat dânah rinhlelhna a neih chuan, naupang chu hriatna test tûrin audiologist hnênah a refer thei a ni. Sri Lanka-ah pawh naupang ṭhenkhat chuan eng emaw chen chu hriatna lama harsatna an nei thei a ni.
"Hei hi lungphum nei lo in sak tum ang mai a ni. Naupang thusawi thiamna hi an hmalam hun atana an zirna lungphum a ni. Chu lungphum chu a chak lo a nih chuan lehkha chhiar, ziak leh chhiar thlengin a nghawng vek a ni. Chuvangin tanpuina i nghah rei poh leh nakin lawkah harsatna i tawk thei a ni.
Miin, ‘Lungngai suh, a lo puitlin hunah a pawi lo ang’ a tih ka hriat hian min ti hlauhawm hle . A chhan chu naupang chu uluk taka enfiah loh chuan chu chu a dik em tih kan hre thei lo.
Kan naute thusawi pui turin in lama kan tih theih thilte
Damdawi lam thurawn bâkah, nu leh pa in nih angin, i fate thusawi thiamna tihhmasawn nan thil tam tak i ti thei a ni.
- I fate chu biak fo rawh: I fa i inbual hunah, i inthlâk hunah, a nih loh leh i chaw i pêk hunah i thil tih chu hrilh rawh. Entirnan, "En teh, Mommy hian fridge a hawng a. Chaw ei tur i la ang," tih ang chi hi sawi rawh.
- Thusawi awlsam tak leh chiang takin sawi rawh: I fain thumal pahnih hmanga thu a sawi chuan thumal thum emaw, thumal pali emaw hmangin i sawi tur a ni. Mahse, sentence complex tak tak sawi nghal maiin ti mualpho suh.
- Thlamuang takin thu sawi rawh: Naute chuan ngaihven zawkin, hmangaihna nei tak, rilru hahdamna tone (‘motherese’ emaw baby talk) hmanga i thusawi hian an ngaihven zawk a, entawn tum bawk ang che.
- Hla sa la, lehkhabu chhiar rawh: Naupan lai a\angin i fate hla zirtir la, lehkhabuah thlalak entir la, thawnthu chhiar rawh. Hei hi an vocabulary tihpunna tha tak a ni.
Naupang thanlenna hi zinkawng mawi tak a ni. A pawimawh ber chu chu zin chhunga heng ang harsatna tenau lo chhuakte hi hlauthawng lo ila, dik taka hriatthiam a, a tul huna damdawi lam thurawn lak hi a ni.
Take-Home Thuchah a ni
- Naupang tinte hi an thanlenna kawng hrang hrangin an lo thanglian zel a, mahse an thanlenna kawng pangngai (normal developmental milestones) hriat a pawimawh hle.
- I fate thusawi tlai lutuk hi i ngaihtuah a nih chuan an lo puitlin hunah a pawi lo ang tih ring suh la, i doctor nen inbia ang che.
- I fain tawng harsatna a nei a nih pawhin i thusawi (receptive language) a hrethiam thei tih chhinchhiahna tha tak a ni.
- Thusawi tlai lutuk hi a hmaa hmalak hi naupang nakin lawka zirna lama hlawhtlinna atan a pawimawh hle.
- Nu leh pa i nih angin i fate nena inbiakna neih fo te, hla sak te, lehkhabu chhiar te hi an tawng hmasawnna tichaktu tha tak a ni.











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