"Cancer" tih thumal kan hriat hian kan cringe deuh vek. Thumal serious tak a ni. Mahse medical science hian a hma aia nasain hma a sawn tawh a ni. Cancer tihdam leh control nan nitin deuhthaw damdawi thar hmuhchhuah a ni. Vawiin hian cancer enkawlna khawvel tidanglamtu leh mi tam tak tan beiseina thar thlentu enkawlna kan sawi dawn a ni. Chu chu immunotherapy a ni.
Chuti a nih chuan, a awlsam zawngin, immunotherapy chu eng nge ni?
Kan taksa hi ram ang maiin han ngaihtuah teh. He ram humhalh tur hian sipai chak leh chak tak a awm a. He sipai hi immune system kan ti a . He sipai (chu chu immune cells) a sipaite hian nilengin kan taksa hi an patrol thin. An hna chu pawn lam atanga hmelma (virus leh bacteria ang chi) leh chhung lam atanga phatsantu (cancer cell ang chi) zawng chhuakin tihchhiat hi a ni.
A tlangpuiin he sipai hian cancer cells te hriatchhuah leh tihchhiat kawngah an thiam hle. Mahse a chang chuan, heng cancer cell te hi an fing hle. An inthuam a, kan sipaite lakah an inthup thin. A nih loh leh, kan sipaite hnathawh titawptu signal an thawn chhuak thin.
Chutah chuan immunotherapy a lo lut a, a awlsam zawngin sawi ila, immunotherapy chu kan taksa ngeia immune system (sipai) te tan special training leh extra power pekna a ni a, chu chuan cancer cell thup te a hmuh theih nan leh a tihchhiat theih nan a pui a ni.
Engtin nge he enkawlna hian hna a thawh?
Immunotherapy hian kan immune system hi kawng lian pahnih in a pui a:
1. Immune system training: Kan immune cell te hi cancer cell inthuam te dik taka hriat theih turin kan zirtir thin. Chu chu cancer cell-a mask awmte chu an la chhuak a, sipaite hnenah an entir a, "Hetah hian hmelma chu a awm," an ti tihna a ni.
2. Cancer thattu cell siam chhuah a tipung: Taksain cancer dotu immune cells (sipai) tam tak siam chhuah a pui thin. Chuti a nih chuan sipai tenau aiin sipai lian tan chuan hnehna chan a awlsam zawk.
Tunah chuan he enkawlna hi cancer chi hrang hrang tan first-line treatment atan hman a ni ta a, a bik takin taksa peng dangah cancer darh tawh (metastatic) tan chuan first-line treatment atan hman a ni ta a ni. A châng chuan enkawlna dang, chemotherapy ang chite nêna hman dun a ni.
Immunotherapy chi hrang hrangte chu engte nge ni?
Immunotherapy chi hrang hrang a awm a, chungte chuan kan immune system hmun hrang hrang hmangin cancer a bei thin.
1. Checkpoint-a Inthiarna (Inhibitor) te
Kan immune system hi thil chak tak a ni. A tam lutuk chuan kan cell hrisel tak takte pawh a tichhe thei a ni. Chuvangin kan taksa hian a pianphungah "checkpoint" emaw "brake" system emaw system a nei a ni. Immune cell (e.g., T cell) chuan cancer cell a beih dawn chuan cancer cell fing tak chuan he "brake" hi a ke a, immune cell chu a titawp ta a ni.
Checkpoint Inhibitor an tih damdawi hian a tih chu cancer cell-in a ke pen tawh "brake" chu a chhuah tir a ni. Tichuan kan immune cell te hian hna an thawk leh thei ta a ni. Chumi awmzia chu cancer cell an tichhe chhunzawm thei tihna a ni.
He enkawlna dan hi cancer vei hmasawn tak takte tan chuan hman a ni.
| Checkpoint Inhibitor atana hman tam ber Cancer chi hrang hrang | |
|---|---|
| Bladder cancer a ni | Kidney cancer a ni |
| Cervical cancer a ni | Vun cancer (Melanoma) a ni thei. |
| Chaw ei kawng cancer a ni | Lung cancer (Non-small cell lung cancer) 1. A rilru a hah lutuk chuan a rilru a buai em em a. |
| Lu leh kawng cancer a ni | Hnute cancer (Triple-negative hnute cancer) . |
2. Adoptive Cell Therapy hmanga enkawlna
Hei hi kan sipaite sipai ata chhuah tir a, training camp bik-a tirh a, superpower pek a, indonaa tirh leh ang a ni. Hetah hian doctor-te chuan i taksa atanga nangmah ngeiin immune cell (T-cell) thenkhat an la a, lab-ah an tipung thin.
- CAR T-cell therapy: Hetah hian T-cells te hi lab-ah genetically modified an ni a, cancer cells hriat theihna tur "mit" (receptors) bik an nei a ni. Chumi hnuah chuan heng super-powered T-cells te hi tam takin siamin taksaah an lut leh thin. Chungte chu cancer cell-ah direct-in an kal a, an tichhia a ni.
- Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) hmanga enkawlna:Tumor chhunga emaw, a chhehvela awm immune cells (TIL) thenkhat lak a, lab-a tam taka tihpun a, taksaah pek leh a nih chuan, chu cell te chuan hlawhtling takin cancer chu an do thei ta a ni.
3. Monoclonal Antibody te hi a awm a
Antibody hi kan immune system-a thil pawimawh dang a ni. Ramdang cell-ah an inzawm a, immune cell dangte hmuh theih turin "here's an enemy" tiin an chhinchhiah a ni. Monoclonal antibodies hi lab-a siam artificial antibodies a ni a, cancer cells te chu a bik takin a target a ni. GPS hmanga kaihhruai missile ang mai an ni. Anni chuan:
- Cancer cells te thanlenna atana protein mamawh block.
- Cancer cell-ah an inzawm a, immune system chu tihchhiat turin signal an pe a ni.
- Cancer cell-ah direct-a thil tha lo emaw radioactive emaw a thlen (Targeted delivery).
4. Cancer natna hri danna
Hei hi virus natna laka invenna atana kan hmuh tlangpui vaccine ang a ni lo. Heng vaccine te hi cancer a lo awm hnua pek thin a ni. He vaccine hian a tih tur chu cancer cell thenkhat hmanga kan taksa hriselna (immune system) chu cancer hriat theihna tura zirtirna a ni.
5. Immune System Modulators te chu a tha hle
Hengte hi kan taksa hriselna tichaktu damdawi an ni tlangpui. Entirnan, proteins `Cytokines`, `Interferons` leh `Interleukins` te hi artificial-a siam chhuah a ni a, enkawlna atan pek a ni. Damdawi `Thalidomide` leh `Lenalidomide` te pawh he pawlah hian an tel ve bawk.
He enkawlna hian side effect a nei em?
Awle. Ni chiah e. Cancer enkawlna dang ang bawkin immunotherapy hian side effect a nei a. Heta thil thleng hi kan immune system, overactive tawh chuan a chang chuan cancer cell te hi kan cell hrisel tak tak angin a ngai sual a, anmahni pawh a bei ve thin. Hei hi `immune-related adverse effects (irAE)` an ti a.
Hei hi hmelma bei tura kal a, mahni mite kah palh ang mai a ni.
Side effects awm tam ber chu:
- Chau lutuk tih hriat (Fatigue) .
- Itchy rash a awm
- Kawthalo
- Nausea leh luak chhuak
- Hormone lama harsatna, thyroid hormone level hniam ang chi te.
Heng side effects te hi a na lo fo thin a, mahse a chang chuan a na thei hle. Chuvangin, natna lan chhuah dan danglam tak i neih chuan doctor hnenah hriattir nghal a pawimawh.
I doctor zawh tur zawhna pawimawh
Nangmah emaw, i chhungte zinga mi emaw chu immunotherapy pek an nih chuan eng nge i luhchilh tih chiang taka hriat a pawimawh. Zawhna i neih chuan i doctor zawh hreh suh. Entirna thenkhat chu hetiang hi a ni:
- Eng ang immunotherapy nge ka tan a rawt?
- He enkawlna rual hian enkawlna dang (chemotherapy ang chi) min pe dawn em ni?
- Engtin nge he enkawlna hi ka hmuh theih ang? Eng chen nge a daih? Engzat nge ka lak a ngaih?
- Hei hian hun rei lote leh hun rei tak chhunga nghawng a neih theih dante chu engte nge ni? Engtin nge an enkawl theih ang?
- Eng side effect nge a awm chuan ka hriattir nghal tur che?
- He enkawlna hian engtin nge ka nitin nun a nghawng ang? Hnathawh lamah ka kal thei ang em, exercise ka la thei ang em?
- He enkawlna hi a hlawhtling em tih engtin nge kan hriat theih ang?
Take-Home Thuchah a ni
- Immunotherapy hi enkawlna changkang tak leh hlawhtling tak a ni a, keimahni taksa ngeia kan taksa hriselna (immune system) hmangin cancer dona atan kan hmang a ni.
- Hei hian immune system chu cancer cells hriat theihna turin a zirtir a, cancer that thei cells a siam chhuak bawk.
- Immunotherapy hmanga enkawlna chi hrang hrang a awm a, chu chu checkpoint inhibitor leh CAR T-cell therapy te hi a ni. I doctor chuan i cancer chi leh stage a zirin enkawlna dik ber a ruat ang.
- Treatment zawng zawng ang bawkin side effect awm thei a awm a, chuvangin symptom danglam tak tak i neih chuan doctor hnenah hriattir a pawimawh.
- Immunotherapy hi cancer zawng zawng emaw, damlo zawng zawng emaw tan chuan a hlawhtling tawk lo nain, cancer enkawlna kawngah beiseina nasa tak siamtu thil thar hmuhchhuah a ni.
💬 Comments (0)
Comment a la awm lo. Hetah hian i comment hi a vawikhatna atan add rawh.
I comment kha add rawh