Thisen tla khat hmanga cancer hmuhchhuah dan thar ber (Liquid Biopsy) i zir dawn em ni?

Mi tam tak chuan "biopsy" tih thumal an hriat hian an hlau hle a ni lawm ni? "Biopsy" tih thumal an hriat hian hlauhna tlem an neih hi thil pangngai a ni. Mahse, i thisen tlemte chauh ei a, cancer cell chungchang hriat theihna tur kawng awm ta se han ngaihtuah teh? Chu chu he technology mak tak, hmasawn ber, "Liquid Biopsy" kan tih chu a ni. Hei hian cancer dotu te tan beiseina nasa tak a thlen a ni.

A awlsam zawngin, he Liquid Biopsy hi eng nge ni?

Liquid Biopsy hi thisen test bik a ni a, tumor hriat theihna tur a ni. Kan taksaah hian tumor a lo thang lian a, a lo thang lian chuan tumor te te te chu a inthen a, thisenah a lut ang tih han ngaihtuah teh. Bang hlui atanga plaster chi hrang hrang tla ang maiin. He Liquid Biopsy test hmang hian thisen chhunga cancer chi hrang hrang lutte chu kan hmu thei a ni.

Thisenah hian thil pawimawh pahnih a awm thei a, chungte chu:

• Circulating tumor cells (CTCs): Hengte hi cancer cell pum pui, tumor atanga inthen, thisen kaltlangin taksa pum puia kal chhuak an ni.
• Circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA): Hengte hi cancer cell chhunga genetic information (DNA) te tak te te an ni. DNA hi "blueprint" ang a ni a, chutah chuan cell pakhatin a hnathawh theihna tura a mamawh tur instruction zawng zawng a awm vek a ni. Cancer cell te an thih chuan heng DNA chi hrang hrangte hi thisenah an pung khawm thin.

I thisenah heng CTCs emaw ctDNA emaw i neih hian i taksa hmun dangah cancer a awm tih a tilang chiang hle. Tin, heng thu chi hrang hrangte hian cancer genetic information chungchangah hian hriatna nasa tak min pe thei bawk. Chu thu hriatna hmang chuan i doctor chuan i tâna eng damdawi nge ṭha ber tih ngaihtuah tûrin a ṭanpui thei che a ni.

Hei hi technology thar tak a la ni a, mahse scientist-te chuan cancer enkawlnaah thil danglam tak a thlen thei niin an ngai. US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) ang agency-te pawmpui trial eng emaw zat a awm tawh a ni.

Hei hi biopsy pangngai nen engtin nge a danglam?

An pahnih inkarah hian danglamna lian tak a awm. Biopsy pangngaiah chuan cancer tumor atanga tissue sample direct-a lak a ni a, test a ni. Mahse, liquid biopsy-ah chuan tumor atanga sample lak a ni lo. Chu ai chuan thisenah cancer (cancer cell emaw DNA fragment) a awm tih finfiahna a zawng zawk thin.

An pahnih inthlauhna chiang zawka hriat theih nan he table hi han en ila.

Liquid biopsy-ah chuan taksaah cancer awm mahse chutih laia thisen sample lakah chuan cancer cell a awm loh theihna chance tlemte a awm. Mahse, cancer hmuhchhuah a nih chuan a thu hriatte chu enkawlna ruahmanna atan a hlu hle.

Eng dinhmunah nge liquid biopsy hi tih a nih?

Doctor chuan he test hi damlo cancer zual zawk leh taksa hmun dangah a darh tawh (metastatic cancer) tan a rawt tlangpui. Hei hian eng nge an tih leh tur tih thutlukna siam turin a pui a, a bik takin tuna enkawlna te hi a tha lo a nih chuan.

He test hi tih chhan lian tak tak engemaw zat a awm a:

1. Prognosis tihfel

Thisena CTC (cancer cell) awm zat hian damlo dinhmun hi a rough idea a pe thei a ni. Thisenah CTC awm tlem chuan dinhmun tha tak a ni tihna a ni. Amaherawhchu, CTC tam tak a awm chuan natna hi tlem a na zawk tihna a ni. Chutiang chuan doctor-te chuan he test hi a hun hunah an ti thei a, natnain enkawlna a dawn dan an en a, chu mi ang chuan enkawl dan pawh an thlak danglam thei bawk.

2. Enkawl dan tur thutlukna siam

Hei hi Liquid Biopsy hlawkna hlu ber pakhat a ni. Cancer cell thenkhatah chuan genetic error bik an nei a. Chutiang inthlak danglamna chauh target tur damdawi bik a awm. Hei hi ``targeted therapy'' kan ti a ni. A awlsam zawngin sawi ila, chabi bik hmanga hawn theih lock ang mai a ni. Liquid Biopsy hian i cancer cell-te hian eng ang "lock" nge an neih tih a hrilh thei che a ni. Tichuan i doctor chuan chutiang tur chuan "key" (drug) dik tak a pe thei ang che.

3. Biopsy pangngai tih theih loh chuan

A châng chuan damlo chu a chak lo lutuk a, biopsy neih reng theih loh a ni thei bawk. A nih loh leh, tumor chu taksa peng pakhat, thluak emaw, lung emaw ang chi, sensitive tak leh thlen harsa takah a awm thei bawk. Chutiang hmun atanga piece pakhat chu cut a nih chuan a chhehvela tissue hrisel te tihchhiat a hlauhawm hle. Chutiang hunah chuan risk-free liquid biopsy hi a tangkai hle.

Tuna Liquid Biopsy test pawm tawhte chu engte nge ni?

Khawvel hmun hrang hrangah hian zirchianna tam tak a awm a. Tunah hian United States-ah hian FDA-in a pawmpui trial lian tak tak eng emaw zat a awm a, chu chu a him leh dik loh uluk taka test a ni tihna a ni:

• Cell Search® Circulating Tumor Cell (CTC) Test: Hei hian thisen a CTC (cancer cell) awm zat a teh a. Taksa zawng zawnga darh tawh hnute, prostate leh colon cancer vei te dinhmun enfiahna atan hman a ni.
• cobas® EGFR Mutation Test v2: Hei hian ctDNA (cancer DNA chi hrang hrang) a test thin. EGFR gene inthlak danglamna a hmuchhuak a, chu chu lung cancer (non-small cell lung cancer - NSCLC)-ah a tam hle. Chumi ang chuan `targeted therapy` tling ber thlan theih a ni.
• Guardant360® CDx: Hei hian ctDNA a zawng bawk. Cancer chi hrang hranga hmuh theih genetic change tlanglawn tak takte a hmuchhuak a, doctor-te chu enkawlna \ha ber thlang turin a pui bawk.
• FoundationOne® Liquid CDx: Hei hi cancer chi hrang hranga genetic changes hriat theihna atana hman thin ctDNA test a ni bawk a, hei hian enkawlna tha ber ber hriat theihna a pui thei a ni.

He test hi a hrehawm em? Results hmuh theih nan eng chen nge hun a duh?

Liquid Biopsy chungchanga thil tha ber chu a awlsam em em a, natna nei lo tak a ni. Thisen test mumal tak neih nan thisen pek ang mai a ni. Needle an dah chuan a stinging sensation tlem tih loh chu natna dang a awm lo.

I thisen sample chu lab-ah thawn a ni a, chutah chuan pathologist-te chuan thisen atanga plasma chu an then a, CTC emaw ctDNA emaw an test thin. A tlangpuiin result hmuh theih nan kar hnih atanga kar thum vel a ngai thin.

Results hian i thisen sample-ah cancer cell emaw DNA fragment emaw a awm leh awm loh (positive) a awm leh awm loh (negative) a hriattir che a ni. Positive a nih chuan test thenkhatah chuan eng cancer chi nge an nih tih leh eng genetic change nge an neih tih pawh a hriat theih bawk.