I naupang tê chu a rilru a khauh hle a, engkim a thu awih lo em ni? ODD (Oppositional Defiant Disorder) chungchang hi i zir dawn teh ang!

I fa hian a chang chuan i thusawi a ngaithla duh lo va, insual a tan thin em? Naupangte hian an naupan lai hian hetiang hian an awm hi thil pangngai tak a ni a, a bik takin kum hnih emaw kum thum emaw an nih laiin, leh an upa deuh (kum 13 emaw 14 vel) pawh nise. Mahse he rilru na leh thu awih lohna hi thla ruk aia rei a awm a, an kum atan chuan a pangngai aia tam a nih hmel chuan ODD tih hming pu dinhmun a ni thei. Hemi chungchang hi chipchiar zawkin sawi ila, lungngai suh u, heng thilte hi kan hriatthiam phawt chuan kan tanpui theih dan tur a awm.

ODD (Oppositional Defiant Disorder) tih hi eng nge ni?

A awlsam zawngin, ODD (Oppositional Defiant Disorder) hi rilru lam hriselna dinhmun a ni a, naupangin puitling (nu leh pa leh zirtirtu ang chi) chunga thawhhona nei lo, thu awih lohna, leh a châng chuan hmêlma thiltih reng reng a lantîr ṭhin Hetiang thiltih hian naupang nitin thiltih te, chhungkaw inlaichinna te, leh sikul hnathawh te nasa takin a tibuai thei a ni.

Ngaihtuah teh, i fa chu inkhelh zawhah inkhelhna thilte dah bo turin i hrilh a. Tichuan, "Ka thei lo, nangmah ngeiin i dah bo mai mai," tiin a inhnial emaw, i thusawi ngaithla lo angin a inlan emaw a ni. Hetiang thil hi vawi khat emaw vawi hnih emaw thleng hi thil pangngai tak a ni. Mahse heng thilte hi a thleng fo a, thla ruk aia tam a thleng a, a nasat a, naupang kum nena inmil lo a nih chuan ODD hi kan ngaihtuah tur a ni.

A pawimawh ber chu ODD vei naupang zawng zawng hi naupang "tha lo" an ni vek lo. Hei hi an thunun theih loh dinhmun a ni a, enkawl ngai a ni.

ODD natna hian rilru lam harsatna dang eng nge thleng thei?

ODD vei naupang leh thalai tam tak pawhin rilru lam hriselna lama harsatna dang pakhat emaw a aia tam emaw an nei bawk. Hei hi a pawimawh bawk a, a chhan chu heng zawng zawng hi enkawl dawnin ngaihtuah vek a ngai a ni.

• Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD): Hei hi ODD-a hmuh tam ber a ni.
• Anxiety disorders: Entîr nân, hlauhna dik lo leh obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) ang chi thilte .
• Zirna inthlauhna: Naupang thenkhat chuan zirlai harsatna an nei thei.
• Mood disorders: Depression ang chi dinhmun .
• Impulse control lama harsatna awm thei.

ODD vei naupang 30% vel chuan a hnuah nungchang lama natna khirh zawk Conduct Disorder (CD) tih chu an nei ang. ODD hi uluk taka hmuhchhuah leh enkawl a nih loh chuan heng symptoms te hi puitling thlengin a awm reng thei a ni.

Conduct Disorder (CD) tih hi eng nge ni? ODD aiin a chhe zawk em?

Conduct Disorder (CD) hi naupang emaw tleirawl emaw mi dangte chunga chetsualna leh khawtlang dan leh pawm tawhte a bawhchhiat fo thinna a ni ODD aiin a na deuh deuh tih theih a ni.

Naupang CD vei te mizia thenkhat chu:

• Rules na tak tak bawhchhiat nawn fo thin. Entîr nân, in aṭanga tlanchhiat te, zan lama chhuak lo tûra an hrilh huna ngaihthlâk loh te, leh sikul kal lohna te.
• Midangte tichhe thei zawnga chetsualna (aggressive) nih. Naupang dangte tihduhdah, insual, a nih loh leh rannung tihduhdah ang chi thilte ngaihtuah rawh.
• Thu dik lo sawi, rukbo, leh mi dangte thil tumruh taka tihchhiat .

CD nei naupangte hian hliam an tuar tam zawk a, ṭhiante nena inrem harsa an ti bawk.

ODD leh ADHD hi eng nge an danglamna?

Heng dinhmun pahnih hi a buaithlak fo thin. ADHD (Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder) vei naupang 40% vel chuan ODD emaw, a kaihhnawih conduct disorder emaw an nei thei bawk. An pahnih hian awm dun thei mah se, dinhmun hrang hrang pahnih an ni.

• ODD hi naupang nungchang leh nu leh pa, unau, zirtirtu leh thiante nena an inpawh dan chungchang a ni.
• ADHD hi neurodevelopmental disorder a ni a, naupang chu awlsam taka ngaihtuahna tibuaitu, inrual taka awm harsat leh rilru hahdam lohna a ni.

A awlsam zawngin sawi ila, ADHD nei naupang chu a rilru hahdam loh leh ngaihsak loh vangin thu awih lo a ni thei. Mahse ODD vei naupang chuan tumruh takin dan a bawhchhia a, a inhnial a, a dodal thin .

ODD hian tute nge a nghawng ber? Risk factors te chu engte nge ni?

ODD hi naupang leh tleirawl puitlingah hmuh tur a awm tlangpui. Mahse a chang chuan puitlingte pawh a nghawng thei. Kum 8 vel atanga tan a ni fo thin a, naupang thenkhat chuan an upat deuh deuh chuan an outgrow thin a, a nih loh leh enkawlna tha tak pek an nih chuan an dam tha zawk thin. Mahse mi ṭhenkhat tân chuan heng chhinchhiahnate hi puitlin thlengin a awm reng thei a ni.

ODD hi naupan laiah hmeichhia aiin mipaah ​​a tam zawk nachungin, puitlingah chuan mipa leh hmeichhia te chu a inang tlangin a nghawng a ni.

I fain ODD a vei theihna tur risk factors te chu:

• Naupan laia tihduhdahna emaw ngaihsak lohna emaw .
• Nu leh pa emaw enkawltu emaw chuan mood disorder an neih chuan , emaw ruihhlo emaw zu emaw hman chungchangah harsatna an neih chuan .
• Tharum thawhna laka inhriatchhuahna.
• Discipline danglam fo leh puitling enkawlna tlakchhamna neih.
• Chhungkuaa dinhmun nghet lo . Entirnan, nu leh pa inthen, in insawn fo, sikul thlak fo.
• Chhungkaw sum leh pai lama harsatna .
• Nu leh pate hian ODD, ADHD, emaw nungchang lama harsatna dang an neih tawh emaw, an neih mek emaw a nih chuan.

ODD hi engtiang chiahin nge a awm?

Zirchiangtute chuan naupang 2% leh 11% inkar velin an sawiODD hian a nghawng a ni. Hetianga a zau chhan hi naupang thenkhat chu Conduct Disorder nei anga hriat sual an nih theih vang a ni a, naupang naupang zawkah pawh he natna hi hriat chian loh a ni. Kum upa lam a zirin ODD vei tamna a tlahniam thin.

ODD natna lan chhuah dan chu engte nge ni? Engtin nge i hriat chian?

ODD symptoms hi kum 8 vel atanga tan a ni tlangpui a, heng symptoms te hi kum 5 leh 10 inkar ah hian a awm reng a, chutah chuan a tlangpuiin (a ni lo nain) a tlahniam tan thin.

Hêng chhinchhiahnate hi hmun engemaw zât, in leh sikulah hmuh theih ni mah se, in lamah emaw, sikulah emaw a langsar zâwk thei a ni .

ODD symptoms hi chi thum ah then theih a ni a, chungte chu:

1. Thinrimna leh thinrimna.

2. Inhnialna leh thu awih lohna nungchang.

3. Phuba lak tumna.

Chu bâkah, ODD vei naupang tam tak chu an rilru a buai fo thei a, an lungawi lo awlsam a, mahni inngaihsakna an nei tlem a, ruihhlo leh zu lam pawh an hawi thei bawk.

Thinrimna leh thinrimna

Heng symptoms te hi ODD diagnosis-ah hian a tel ve a ni. I fain ODD a neih chuan hetiang hi i hmu mai thei:

• A thinrim awlsam hle.
• Thinrimna leh thinrimna lantir fo thin .
• Midang thil tenawm ber pawh hian i rilru a ti na thei a , i thinrim thei bawk .
• Thinrim leh zah lohna thu sawi fo thin .

Inhnialna leh thu awih lohna nungchang

Hei hi ODD symptom pawimawh tak a ni bawk. I fa chu hetiang hian a awm thei ang:

• Puitling nena inhnial lutuk.
• Dilna leh dante chu tumruh takin an zawm duh lo.
• An tihsualah midangte an mawhpuh thin.
• Tumruh taka midang thinrim leh tihnat tumna .

Phuba lak tumna

Phuba lakna tilangtu ODD chhinchhiahna thenkhat chu hetiang hi a ni:

• Thinrimna vawn leh phuba lak tum.
• I thinrim a, i rilru i tihnat chuan thu ṭha lo, rilru ti na thei tak tak i sawi ṭhin .

ODD awm chhante chu engte nge ni?

ODD awm chhan pakhat chauh a awm lo. Zirchiangtute chuan biological, genetic, leh environmental factors inzawmkhawm buaithlak tak avanga lo awm niin an ngai .

Genetic influence te hi a ni

Research atanga a lan dan chuan ODD 50% vel chu genetic a ni . ODD vei naupang leh thalai tam tak chuan chhungte hnai tak tak, rilru lam harsatna dang, rilru lam harsatna, lungkhamna, leh mize lama harsatna nei te an nei a ni . Tin, ODD vei naupang tam tak hian rilru lam hriselna lama harsatna dang, ADHD, zirlai lama harsatna, lungngaihna, leh lungkhamna te an nei a, chuvangin heng natna te hi genetic link a awm thei niin an ngai bawk.

Biological chhan hrang hrang

Zirna thenkhat chuan nungchang lama harsatna hi thluak hmun thenkhata inthlak danglamna avanga lo awm a ni thei niin an sawi. Chu bâkah, ODD hi thluaka nerve cell-te inkâra thuchah thawn tûra ṭanpuitu neurotransmitters an tih chemical-te harsatna avânga lo awm a ni thei bawk . Heng chemical te hi a balance lo emaw, a thawk tha lo emaw a nih chuan message te chu thluak chhungah a kal tha thei lo a, symptoms a awm thei bawk.

Environment lam thilte

Chhungkaw nun buai tak , naupan laia tihduhdahna , leh nu leh pate thununna inmil lo chuan ODD natna a thlen thei a ni. Peer rejection , negative peer groups , retheihna , vengchhunga tharum thawhna , leh khawtlang emaw sum leh pai lama thil dang nghet lo tak takte pawhin ODD lo awm theihna kawngah a pui thei bawk.

Pawimawh: Naupangin heng zinga pakhat emaw a aia tam emaw a neih vang mai mai chuan ODD a nei dawn tihna a ni lo. Tin, ODD hi heng thilte hi a awm lo thei bawk. Hengte hi risk factor chauh a ni.

Engtin nge ODD i vei tih chiang taka i hriat theih ang? (Diagnosis) tih a ni.

Mental health professional-te chuan ODD hi naupangin Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) -a tarlan symptom pali tal thla ruk aia tam a lantir chuan an hmuchhuak thin Naupang nitin nun tibuaitu tur khawpa na tak a ni tur a ni bawk .

I fain ODD chhinchhiahna a neih chuan naupang leh tleirawl rilru lam doctor emaw, rilru lam doctor emaw a pan tur a ni . Heng rilru lam hriselna lama mithiamte hian a bik taka ruahman interview leh assessment hmangin i fa chu rilru lam hriselna dinhmun enfiah nan an hmang thin.

Vawi tam tak chu rilru lam doctor leh psychologist-te chuan naupang nungchang hriatthiamna famkim nei turin nu leh pa, unau, ṭhiante leh zirtirtu hnen aṭangin thu an dawng ṭhin.

I fa rilru lam doctor emaw, rilru lam doctor emaw chuan i fa chu uluk takin a enfiah a ngai ang a, ODD chu natna dang, a lan chhuah dan inang thei ang chi te nen a thliar hrang a ngai ang, chu chu:

• Nawrh huaihawt dan hi mild emaw moderate emaw a ni.
• ADHD (Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder) enkawl loh .
• Mood disorder (Mood disorder) a awm thin.
• Lungkhamna leh OCD (Obsessive-compulsive disorder) te a ni.

ODD enkawlna tur engte nge ni?

ODD enkawlna hi thil engemaw zatah a innghat a, entirnan:

• I fa kum zat .
• Symptoms nasat dan .
• Naupangin enkawlna thenkhatah a tel ve theihna leh a tuar theih dan.
• Naupang hian ADHD, zirlai harsatna, OCD ang chi natna dang a neih leh neih loh .

ODD enkawlnaah hian naupang, i chhungte, leh naupang sikul te pawh a tel tur a ni .

Enkawlna chu heng thilte hi a inzawm khawm a ni tlangpui:

• Nu leh pa enkawl dan tur zirtirna (PMT).
• Psychotherapy (thusawi hmanga enkawlna) a ni.
• School-a hmalakna hrang hrangte.

Nu leh pa enkawl dan tur zirtirna (PMT) .

Hei hi ODD nena inzawm oppositional behavior enkawlna ber a ni. Nu leh pate chu nungchang mawi lo tihtlem leh nungchang tha tihpun nan positive reinforcement hmanga an fate nungchang siam danglam dan tur a zirtir a ni.

Training programme chi hrang hrang a awm a. Chûngte chu kar engemaw zât chhûnga session engemaw zât neih a ni tlangpui. Heng session-ah hian nu leh pate chuan harsatna nei nungchang bakah inpawhna \ha tak takte hriat chian a, hremna \ha emaw, \ha lam hawia emaw pek dan an zir \hin.

PMT method hian chhungkaw hrang hrang, hnam hrang hranga nungchang lama harsatna awmte chu nasa takin a tihziaawm tih finfiah a ni.

Psychotherapy hmanga enkawlna

Psychotherapy hi enkawlna kawng hrang hrang sawina a ni a, chu chuan harsatna nei rilru, ngaihtuahna leh nungchang hriatchhuah leh thlak danglam theihna a pui che a ni. Psychologist emaw psychiatrist emaw ang chi rilru lam hriselna lama mithiamte nena thawhhona chuan i fa leh chhungte tan tanpuina, zirtirna leh kaihhruaina a pe thei a ni.

ODD enkawlna atana pui thei psychotherapy hman tlanglawn thenkhat chu:

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) hmanga tihdam theih a ni.

Hei hi structured, goal-oriented, individualized therapy a ni . Therapist chuan naupang chu a ngaihtuahna leh a rilru put hmang thuk takin a en theih nan a pui thin. Naupang chuan a ngaihtuahnain a thiltih a nghawng dan a hrethiam a. CBT hmang hian naupang chuan ngaihtuahna leh nungchang tha lote chhuahsan a zir thei a, ngaihtuahna leh tih dan hrisel zawk a nei thei bawk . CBT-based anger management training hi ODD vei naupang thinurna management lama harsatna nei tan chuan a \angkai hle. Naupang kum upa zawk tan chuan harsatna chinfel thiamna training leh perspective-taking hi a \angkai hle.

Chhungkaw lam hawi therapy

He therapy hi naupang ODD vei leh an enkawltute tan a ni. He therapy chhung hian naupang leh chhungte chu therapy session-ah an tel dun a, ODD chungchangah psychoeducation an dawng a, inbiakpawhna thiamna an nei a, harsatna chinfel thiamna an nei bawk.Zir. Hei hian in chhunga thil awmte hriatchhuahna kawngah a pui thei a, chu chuan tharum thawhna tichhe thei thilte chu a tichhe thei a ni.

School-a hmalakna hrang hrangte

School hnathawh, \hiante nena inlaichinna, leh harsatna chinfel thiamna tihchangtlunna tura puitu \angkai tak takte hi ODD enkawlnaah a \angkai hle.

Heng intervention-te hian:

• Naupang zirtirtute hnena classroom-a nungchang tihchangtlunna tura zirtirna leh hmanrua pek.
• Thil tibuaitu thiltih emaw, chutiang thiltih nasat zawk emaw venna hmanrua .
• I fate’n classroom dan leh inpawhna pawmtlak zawm tura tanpui dan dangte .

ODD damdawi a awm em?

ODD enkawlna atana official-a pawm damdawi awm lo mah se, i fa doctor emaw, rilru lam doctor emaw chuan a natna dang, ADHD, OCD, a nih loh leh lungngaihna ang chite enkawlna tûr damdawi a pe thei a ni. Heng natnate hi enkawl a nih loh chuan ODD symptoms a tizual thei a ni.

ODD hmalam hun tur chu eng nge ni? (Prognosis) tih a ni.

ODD vei naupangte hian sikul-ah te, in lamah te, leh khawtlang inlaichinnaah te harsatna lian tak tak an nei thei a ni.

Mild or moderate ODD hi kum upat danah a tha chho fo thin. Mahse, a na zawk chu Conduct Disorder -ah a lo chang thei a ni .

Enkawlna leh nu leh pate puihna a awm loh avangin ODD prognosis a tha lo thei a ni. Mahse, co-occurring condition dang (ADHD emaw OCD emaw ang chi), mimal emaw chhungkaw emaw therapy, leh positive parenting te uluk taka enkawl a nih chuan rah tha tak a chhuah beisei theih a ni.

ODD hi ven theih a ni em?

ODD hi ven theih vek a ni lo mai thei. Mahse, a lan chhuah veleh hriat chian a, a chunga thil tih hian naupang leh chhungte rilru hahna chu a tiziaawm thei a ni. Tin, he natna nena inzawm harsatna tam tak venna kawngah pawh a pui thei bawk. Chhungkaw tinte pawhin symptoms a lo lang leh a nih chuan eng nge tih tur tih an zir thei bawk.

Chu bâkah, in chhûng boruak enkawltu, ṭanpuitu, leh nghet tak siam hian natna lan chhuah dân tihtlem nân leh dodâlna thiltih instance-te a veng thei a ni.

Naupang ODD vei enkawl dan tur? Nu leh pa te tan thurawn

I fain ODD a vei a nih chuan, professional care pek bakah, nang leh i fate tanpui theih dan tur thenkhat chu hetiang hi a ni:

• Thil \hate chu siam \hat rawh: I fate’n insiamrem theihna emaw, \anpuina emaw an lantîr hunah fak la, thil \ha tak tak pe , thil \ha tê ber pawh ngaihlu rawh.
• A tul chuan hun hmang la: I fa nena inhnialna chu a tha zawk ni lovin a tizual zawk nia i hriat chuan rei lo te chhung chu kalsan rawh.Hei hi naupang tan chuan entawn tur tha tak a ni. Naupangin dinhmun tha lo a zual zel loh nan chawlh hahdam a tum a nih chuan thlawp rawh.
• Thil inmil tak ni rawh: Kum lama inmil, a remchan dan anga tihkhawtlai siam la, nungchang \ha lo avanga a rah chhuah tur chu siam rawh. Chungte chu tihpuitlin fo rawh. Rules chungchangah pawh inmil takin awm rawh. Vawiin hian thu pakhat sawi leh naktuk hian sawi dang sawi suh.
• Mahni in enkawl rawh: I tihlim leh thiltih nuam tak takte chu ti chhunzawm la, nangmah leh nangmah in enkawl bawk ang che (self-care) . I fa nena inzawmna nei puitling dangte nen thawk ho la, an thlawpna dawng turin bei rawh. I dam that phawt chuan i fa chu i pui thei ang.
• Damdawi lam thurawn zawng rawh: I fa chu ODD vei nia hriat a ni a, mahse an nungchang a chhe zawk emaw, chhungkua emaw sikul nun a tibuai emaw a nih chuan an rilru lam hriselna lama mithiamte chu biak rawh. I fain midang (naupang dang emaw ran dang emaw) tana chhiatna thlen thei nungchang a lantir a nih chuan enkawlna zawng nghal rawh.

A tawp berah chuan hriat reng tur pawimawh ber ber (Take-Home Message) .

Naupang dodâl leh tibuaitu nasa tak takte hmachhawn chu nu leh pate tân thil harsa tak a ni thei a ni. Naupang tê leh naupang tê tête tân chuan a châng chuan dodâlna lantîr hi thil pangngai a nih laiin, thiltih chhunzawm zel leh tibuaitu chu ODD (Oppositional Defiant Disorder) chhinchhiahna a ni thei.

ODD hi enkawl tan hmasak a pawimawh hle . Enkawlna hmasa ber chu doctor emaw mental health counselor emaw nena inbiakna neih a ni . Doctor zawhna zawh pawh hlau suh. I tanpui turin an awm reng a ni. Nangmah chauh i ni lo , he dinhmun hi i hmachhawn thei tur mi tam tak an awm bawk.

ODD hi naupang sualna a ni lo va, nangmah pawh a ni lo tih hre reng ang che. Chu chu hrethiamin, hmangaihna te, dawhtheihna te, leh kaihhruaina dik tak hmangin i fa chu i ṭanpui thei a ni.

` ODD, Conduct Disorder, Naupang Rilru Hriselna, Naupang Thu awih lo, Nu leh Pa thurawn, Lungngaihna, Behavior Therapy