I fa te hian hriatna lama harsatna a nei em? Hriatna hloh chungchang hi i zir chiang ang u.

A châng chuan i fate hian i thusawi laiin a ngaihven vak lo ang maiin i inhria thei a, a nih loh leh aw ri pawh a chhâng ṭha lo ang. Hei hi a tam hle nachungin, a chang chuan a chhan pakhat chu hriatna lama harsatna a ni thei. He `(Hearing Loss)` tih, chu chu hriatna hloh tih hi i hriatthiam theih tur awlsam takin kan sawi dawn em ni? Hlauh tur a awm lo, a pawimawh ber chu fimkhur hi a ni.

Hriatna lama harsatna nei tih awmzia chu eng nge ni?

A awlsam zawngin, naupang tê, hriatna lama harsatna nei, emaw, damdawi lama ``Hearing Loss'' kan tih hian aw ṭhenkhat emaw, a zawng zawng emaw hriat leh hriatthiam a harsat a ni. Radio-a volume tihhniam ang maiin an inhria. Hetiang thil a thlen theih chhan lian tak pathum a awm a, chungte chu:

• Beng hmun hrang hranga harsatna: Kan beng hi taksa peng hrang hrang (organ complex) tak a ni. Beng pawn lam, beng lai tak leh beng chhung lam tih hming pu hmun a nei a. Heng hmun pakhat emaw, a aia tam emaw-ah hian chhiatna emaw, blockage emaw a awm chuan thawm chu a ri tha lo thei a ni.
• Thluak lama aw phurtu nerve-te harsatna: Beng atanga thawm kan dawn hnuah thluak lam pan a ngai tih hrethiam rawh. Heng ri phurtu nerve-ah hian chak lohna a awm a nih chuan chu thawm chu thluak lamah a kal tha lo.
• Thluak chhunga aw hriatthiamna hmuna buaina: Aw chu thluak a thlen hnuah pawh thluak hmun bik pakhatin "hei hi nu aw a ni," "hei hi hla a ni," tiin a hrethiam a ni. Chumi laiah chuan chak lohna eng emaw a awm a nih chuan, a thawm i hriat pawhin eng nge a nih i hrethiam thei lovang.

Hriatthiam lohna chi hrang hrangte chu engte nge ni?

Hriatna hloh hi chi hrang hrang a awm thei. A chi hrang hrang thenkhat han thlir ila.

Conductive hriatna hloh

Hetianga thil thleng chu thil engemaw hian beng thleng tur chu a tikhawlo a ni. Ngaihtuah teh, i in chhunga tui pipe-ah thil pakhat a tang a nih chuan tui chu a chhuak lo ang.

• Beng lai takah ruh te te (hengte hi sound vibrate a, chhung lam pantu te hi an ni) ah hian thil dik lo a awm a ni.
• Beng hi wax ang chi (earwax kan ti) tam takin a khat a.
• A nih loh leh, beng natna fo ang chi thilte hian he thawm chi hi a titawp thei a ni.

Hei hi ``Conductive hearing loss.`` an ti a.He hearing loss chi hi damdawi emaw, operation tenau emaw hmangin siamthat theih a ni.

Sensorineural hriatna hloh (SNHL) .

Hei hi a danglam deuh hlek a ni. Heta thil thleng chu beng chhungril lama sensitive tak tak cochlea an tih (hei hi snail shell ang chi a ni), emaw, thluaka aw phurtu nerve-te emaw a chhiatna a awm a ni.

• He `(Sensorineural hearing loss)` emaw `(SNHL)` emaw hi a chang chuan rochun atanga lo chhuak a ni thei (i nu, i pa, i pi, emaw i pi emaw khan a nei tihna a ni).
• A nih loh leh, genetic syndrome engemaw zat a tel thei bawk.
• Tin, infection thenkhat (entir nan, naupai laia nuin natna a neih thenkhat) leh damdawi chak tak thenkhat chuan beng chhung lam emaw nerve emaw a tichhe thei bawk. Hetiang chak lohna hi a tlangpuiin a awm reng a ni.

Mixed hriatna hloh

Chutiang a nih chuan a hmaa kan sawi tawh ``Conductive'' leh ``Sensorineural'' cause pahnih hi a thleng dun thei a ni. Chumi awmzia chu beng chhunga aw lut tur daltu a awm tihna a ni a, beng chhung lam emaw nerve emaw-ah pawh harsatna a awm tihna a ni.

Central hriatna hloh

Hetiang a nih chuan buaina chu beng chhungah ni lovin, thluaka direct-in a awm a ni. Chu chu, ``Central hearing loss`` chu thluak chhunga ri control leh hrethiamtu hmuna thil engemaw a chhiat chuan a lo awm tihna a ni. Hei hi thil thleng tlem tak a ni.

Auditory processing disorder (APD) a awm a, a rilru a buai em em a, a rilru a hah em em bawk a.

Hei pawh hi a danglam bik hle. Naupang `(Auditory Processing Disorder)` emaw `(APD)` vei te hian an beng leh thluak a thawk tha lo hle. An hriat dan pangngaiin an hre thei (a awmzia chu hriatna test-ah harsatna an lantir lo tihna a ni), mahse an thluak hian ri hriat leh hriatthiam harsa engemaw zat a nei a, a bik takin tawngkam a hrethiam lo. Radio signal a distort a, a ri a chhe vek emaw, a ri chhunga thu awmte a chiang lo emaw ang mai a ni.

Engte nge hriatna hloh chhan?

A nihna takah chuan hriatna hloh theihna chhan tam tak a awm. Mahse a chang chuan a chhan dik tak chu hmuh theih a ni lo. Mahse, heng thilte hi a awm chuan naupang tê tê chuan hriatna hloh a nei tam zâwk a ni:

• Hriatna lama harsatna neia piang, emaw, chhungkaw member (nu, pa, unau) kum naupang tak atanga hriatna lama harsatna nei nei.
• Naute hi a piang hma (preterm kan ti) leh/ emaw Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) -ah enkawl a ni.
• Nau piang thar hun chhung hian jaundice a lo awm a, thisenah bilirubin level a sang chho zel a, thisen pek a ngai ta a ni.
• Beng natna tam tak, beng zungbun chhe, emaw, thawm ri nasa tak nena inhmuhna. Entîr nân, nu leh pa ṭhenkhat chuan an fate tê tête chu headphone hmangin music ri ring tak tak ngaihthlâktîr emaw, infiamna ri nasa tak tak pe emaw an phalsak a. Chûngte chuan naupang beng nalh tak takte chu a tichhe thei a ni.
• Infection, meningitis (thluak infection chi khat) emaw cytomegalovirus (virus infection chi khat) te a lo awm tawh a.
• Thil hriatna tichhe thei damdawi thenkhat (hengte hi `ototoxic drugs` an ti) te hi naupai laiin nu tan a him a, naute tan pawh a him bawk. (Doctor ten hengte hi an pek hian an fimkhur hle tlangpui a, mahse thil pawimawh thenkhatah chuan pek a ngai thin).

Hei hi eng symptoms nge ni? Engtin nge i hriat chian?

Naupangin hriatna hloh a nei em tih hriat a harsa thei a, a bik takin naupang tê tê tak takte chuan. "Ka hre thei lo," an ti thei lo mai thei. Hetianga hriatna lama harsatna nei naupangte hian aw emaw, thusawi emaw chu an chhang tha lo thei. An tawng thiamna (language development) hi a tlai thei hle. I fain kum khatnaah heng thilte hi a chhang tha lo a nih chuan doctor i biak ngei ngei tur a ni:

Nausen piang thar (thla 0-3):

• Thawm ri nasa tak i hriat nghal hian startle reflex (hei hi `startle reflex` kan ti) thin.
• Mom leh dad aw hriat hian rilru hahdam leh tap tawh loh (thla 3 vel).

Thla 4-6 vel ah chuan:

• I mit emaw i lu emaw chu aw thar lam hawia hawitir.
• Thawm ri thei toys duh zawkna lantir.
• Repeating ri chu "Uh...", "Ah...", "Guh...", mahni inbia ang maiin a ri.

Thla 7-12 (kum khat) ah chuan:

• Aw chi hrang hrang awmze nei lo siam (heng `babbling sounds` kan ti a, "keimah ngei", "bababa" ang chi).
• A hming chhanna (a hming an sawi huna hawi let).
• "ta ta" leh "look if mommy is coming" tih ang chi instruction awlsam tak tak hriatthiam tum.
• Thusawi entawn.
• "Mom", "Dad", leh "Bye-Bye" tih ang chi thumal awlsam tlemte sawi.

Naupang a lo upat deuh deuh (kum 1 hnuah) hriatna hloh chhinchhiahna chu:

• Thusawi tlem, thusawi ril, emaw, kum nena inmil taka thusawi theih lohna emaw.
• Thusawi ngaihsak lo anga lang, thupek zawm lo (a châng chuan naupang hian "mi sual vangin" hetiang hi a ti niin kan ngai a, mahse a takah chuan a ngaithla loh vang pawh a ni thei).
• Aw pangngaia biak a nih chuan chhan loh, emaw, "Huh?" "Eng nge?", emaw chhanna inzawm lo pek emaw.
• I chhehvela thawm tam tak a awm chuan (e.g., mipui tamna hmunah, TV on chungin) ngaihtuahna tihbuai a awl a, i rilru a hahdam lo va, sawi chu hriatthiam harsa i ti bawk.
• En/ngaithla tur chuan TV emaw radio emaw a volume tihsan a ngai.
• Sikul hnathawh leh zirlai harsatna nei.
• Aw thenkhat chauh chhanna (e.g., aw sang tak hriat mahse aw hniam hriat loh).

Pawimawh: Hriatna lama harsatna thenkhat chu nau piang hnuah zawi zawiin a lo awm thei a, a nih loh leh nakin lawkah (e.g. natna emaw, lu hliam emaw hnuah) a lo awm thei bawk. I fate hriatna chungchangah harsatna i neih chuan Doctor nen inbia ngei ang che. I fa chu audiologist , doctor, hriatna lama tui tak hnenah pawh hruai a ngai thei bawk.

Engtin chiah nge hriatna hloh hi i hriat chhuah?

Hriatna lama harsatna nei hi a hma thei ang bera man a tha ber. A chhan chu naupang thla 6 a tlin hmaa enkawl tan a nih chuan a hlawk ber a ni. Chu chu naupang thluak chu tawng zir turin a lo thanglian chak em em lai a ni.

• Newborn Hearing Screening: Chuvang chuan nausen piang thar apiangin damdawi in an chhuahsan hmain hearing screening test an nei vek thin. Hei hi naute tan natna nei lo test a ni a, minute tlemte chhungin tih theih a ni.
• In lama i kal hmaa i naute i test theih loh chuan, emaw, i naute chu in lamah emaw, birth center-ah emaw a piang a nih chuan, i naute pian tirh kar 3 chhungin a hriatna test tir ngei ngei tur a ni.
• He hearing test-a "fail/refer" tih hian naute chu a bengchheng tihna a ni hauh lo. Mahse, a rang thei ang bera diagnostic audiology test dang tih belh a ngai tihna a ni a, a tlangpuiin nau piang atanga thla khat emaw thla hnih emaw chhungin tih a ngai a ni. Hriatthiam lohna hmuhchhuah a nih chuan enkawl tan nghal theih a ni.
• Naupang hriatna pangngai nei te pawhin an medical check-up pangngai (clinic-a) neih chhungin an hriatna enfiah fo tur a ni. Heng hriatna test te hi kum 4, 5, 6, 8, leh 10-ah te, preteen leh young adulthood-ah te tih a ni tlangpui. Hei bakah hian doctor-in thil dik lo a rinhlelh chuan engtik lai pawhin hriatna test pawh tih theih a ni.

Hei hi engtin nge enkawl a nih?

Enkawlna chu hriatna hloh chi, a chhan leh a nasat danah a innghat a ni. Naupang hriatna lama harsatna nei reng reng chu specialist team-in an en tur a ni. He team-ah hian audiologist (hearing specialist), beng, hnar leh kawr doctor (ENT doctor), speech-language therapist, leh education specialist te pawh an tel thei.

Naupang hriatna lama harsatna chi hrang hrang nei te chu damdawi lam enkawlna (e.g., beng natna damdawi), therapies, leh surgery (e.g., beng atanga tui chhuahna tur tube te tak te dah)-ah te tanpui theih an ni. Hriatna lama harsatna awm reng tur hian enkawlna bulpui engemaw zat a awm a:

• Hearing aids: Hengte hian i fain a hriat theih nan aw a tizau a, a tichiang bawk. Microphone te tak te, sensitive tak tak, i beng chhunga in fit ang mai an ni. Naute hriatna lama harsatna nei reng rengin thla 6 a tlin hmain hearing aid a hman tan chuan an thusawi leh thluak thanna nasa takin a tichak a ni. Naupang tin tan style leh manufacturer pakhat chauh a awm lo. I audiologist chuan i fa mamawh leh beng sei zawng a zirin hearing aid tha ber thlang turin a pui thei che a ni. Naupang beng pahniha hriatna hloh tam tak chuan hriatna hmanrua pahnih an hmang thin.

• Frequency modulation (FM) system hrang hrangte chu:He ``(FM) system`` hian naupang chhehvela background noise a tihziaawm a, naupang chuan thusawitu (e.g. zirtirtu, nu) aw chauh chiang tak leh ring takin a hre thei a ni. School class pakhat chu han mitthla teh. Zirtirtu hian microphone te tak te leh ``transmitter`` a bun a. He transmitter hian naupangin an beng a a bun emaw, hearing aid-ah direct-a a bun emaw ``wireless receiver`` ah electrical signal a thawn thin. A phurh kual theih a nih avangin in lamah emaw, sikulah emaw, a chhehvela thawm tamna hmunah te pawh hman theih a ni.

• Cochlear implants: Naupang hriatna lama harsatna nasa tak atanga thûk tak nei, hriatna hmanrua hmanga hlawkna hmu thei lote tan chuan cochlear implants hi a ṭangkai hle thei a ni. Hengte hi electronic hmanraw changkang tak tak, beng chhunga surgery hmanga dah a ni. Anni hian beng chhunga hna thawk tha lote chu an bypass a, auditory nerve chu direct-in an tichak a ni. Vawikhat implant a nih hnuah, special training leh speech therapy nen, cochlear implant nei naupangte chuan hriatna tha zawk leh thusawi chiang zawk an zir thei a ni.

• Hearing habilitation/rehabilitation: Hei hi naupang hriatna lama harsatna neia piangte chu ngaithla leh inbiakpawhna zirtirna a ni. Hei hian Auditory-Verbal Therapy (AVT) , thusawi therapy, thusawi/ hmui chhiar, emaw, a tul chuan sign language zir ( American Sign Language (ASL) emaw, tualchhung sign language emaw ang chi) te a huam thei a ni. I audiologist leh doctor te chuan i fate inbiakpawhna tha ber a hmuh theih nan an pui ang che. Naupang kum upa zawk, an hriatna hloh chuan heng inbiakpawhna thiamna hi hearing rehabilitation tih hmangin an zir thin.

Eng dang nge ka hriat ngai?

Tlemte tak, chu chu hriatna hloh nasat lutuk pawh hian naupang thusawi, tawng, zirlai leh khawtlang nun thiamnaah harsatna a thlen thei a ni. Chuvangin naute leh naupang tê hriatna lama harsatna nei te chu ``early intervention'' tih service-ah hruai tur a ni tih an sawi a ni.Hei hi naupang tlingte tan a thlawna emaw, man tlawm zawka enkawlna service pekna program a ni. Sri Lanka-ah pawh hetiang service hi Ministry of Health leh sorkar ni lo pawl hrang hrang kaltlangin kalpui a ni bawk. I awmna hmuna chhungkaw hriselna service officer emaw doctor emaw zawtin i hre thei ang. Naupang kum upa zawkte pawhin sikul an kal hunah ``special education services'' an dawng thei bawk.

Nangmah chauh i ni lo tih hre reng ang che.Hetiang dinhmun i hmachhawn hunah hian tanpuina leh thu hriatna tur hmun a awm. I doctor emaw, audiologist emaw, mi dang emaw zawt rawh. Hetiang natna vei naupang nu leh pa dangte nena din support group-a tel hian chakna leh hriatna tam tak i nei thei bawk.

A tawp berah chuan thil hriat reng tur

Okay, chuvangin vawiin a kan sawi tawh atang khan thil pawimawh tak tak i hriatreng theih ka beisei.

• Hriat hmasak a pawimawh hle: I naute pian hnua a hriatna test a neih thin chu bawhchhiat suh. Ringhlelna i neih chuan, a te deuh pawh nise, a rang thei ang bera Doctor pan rawh. Tikhawtlai suh.
• Hriatna hloh zawng zawng hi a inang vek lo: chi hrang hrang leh a chhan hrang hrang a awm. Buaina chu eng nge ni tih chiang taka hriat chu enkawlna atan a pawimawh hle.
• Enkawlna a awm: Tunlai hian technology a lo changkang hle. Naupang tanpui thei thil tam tak a awm a, chu chu hearing aid, cochlear implant, leh special therapies te hi a ni.
• Inrawlh hmasak hian danglamna nasa tak a thlen thei a: naupang thusawi, zirlai leh khawtlang inpawhna a pui a ni. Naupang dang ang bawka nun pangngaia awm theihna tur kawng a hawng a ni.
• Nangmah chauh i ni lo: he zinkawng zawh tura puitu leh kaihruaitu tur doctor, specialist leh support group te an awm a ni. An tanpuina dawng rawh.

I fate hriatna enkawl hi an hmalam hun zawng zawngah investment lian tak a ni. Hei hi kan hriat chian a, a tul anga hma kan lak a pawimawh hle. Hemi chungchanga zawhna dang i neih chuan i doctor zawt hreh suh.

Hriatna hloh, hriatna, naupang tê tê, naute hriatna screening, hriatna hmanrua, cochlear implants, speech therapy