Mipui Hriselna chu eng nge ni? A awlsam zawngin sawi ila!

Hrisel leh hlim taka awm kan duh vek. Chuvangin, vawiin hian nangmah, i chhungte, i thiante, leh khawtlang pum hriselna tihchangtlunna tura puitu tur hmun bik kan sawi dawn a ni. Hei hi Public Health kan tih chu a ni . He thu hi i lo hre tawh mai thei. Thumal awlsam takin eng nge a nih leh kan nun a nghawng dan hi i lo en ang u.

Mipui Hriselna chu eng nge ni? A awlsam khawp mai!

Tunah chuan khawsik i neih chuan Doctor hnenah i kal thin. Doctor chuan a enfiah che a, i tan bik damdawi a pe che a ni. Chu chu general health care chu a ni a, chu chu mi tinte chu mimal taka enkawl tihna a ni. Mahse, vantlang hriselna hi a danglam deuh a, ngaihdan zau zawk a ni. Hetah hian specialist-te chuan mimal tin an en lo va, mipui pawl pum pui, emaw, khawtlang pum pui emaw an en zawk a ni. Hmun bik, emaw, mipui pawl bik emawa hriselna lama harsatna awmte an en a, chu chu chinfel dan tur an thlir bawk.

Hetiang hian han ngaihtuah teh. Khaw pakhatah chuan data atanga a lan dan chuan naupang tê tê zingah ril\am hi a hluar chho zel a ni. Tichuan, vantlang hriselna lama mithiamte an lo kal a, a chhan an zawng chhuak ta a ni. Tui thianghlim indaih lohna vang a ni mai thei, a nih loh leh inthiarna tur a awm loh vang pawh a ni thei. Tichuan khaw mipuite nen an inkhawm a, khawtlang hruaitute nen an inbia a, he harsatna chinfel dan tur an zawng chhuak thin. Tuikhuah tihfai nan programme an tan mai thei a, a nih loh leh kut sil pawimawhzia zirtirna an pe mai thei bawk. Hmu? Hei hian chhungkaw pakhat chauh ni lovin, khaw pum pui, vawi khatah mi tam tak a hlawkpui a ni. I pediatrician hnen atanga thurawn i dawn bakah hian i pediatrician in venhimna a pek che ang kha a ni. A awlsam zawngin sawi ila, mipui hriselna chu mimal pakhat chauh ni lovin, khawtlang pum hriselna ngaihtuah a ni.

Heng vantlang hriselna hnathawhnaah hian tute nge thawhhlawk?

Hei hi team lian tak thawhhona ang mai a ni. Mi tin hian chanvo bik an nei vek a. Heng mite hi tute nge an nih i en ang u?

• Epidemiologist: Heng mite hi "natna detective" tia sawi theih a ni bawk. Mipui pawl pakhat zinga natna darh dan tur, leh a thlen chhan zawngtute an ni. Entirnan, dengue hri leng a awm chuan a darh dan ang chi thil zawngtute an ni a, tute nge hlauhawm ber an ni.
• Health Education Specialists: A hming ang ngeiin heng mite hian mite chu an taksa chungchang te, hrisel taka awm dan tur te, hriselna lama service dawn dan tur te an zirtir thin. Awareness tihpun hi a pawimawh ber a ni. Workshop an nei a, pamphlet an sem a, media hrang hrang kaltlangin information an pe bawk.
• Public Health Physicians: Heng doctor-te hi mipui hriselna lama a bik taka zirtir an ni. Community health center-ah hna an thawk a, a chang chuan sorkar health policy siamnaah hruaitu hna an thawk bawk.
• Khawtlang hriselna lama thawktute: Heng mite hi an niAn khua leh khawpui mipuite leh hriselna lama thawktute inkara inkalpawhna ang mai an ni. Khawtlang nen hnaih takin an thawk ho a, an mamawhte an hmuchhuak a, an pui bawk. Kan ramah hian Family Health Midwives te hi entawn tlak tak an ni. In lamah kalin nu leh fate tan a tul anga thurawn leh rawngbawlna an pe thin.
• Biostatisticians: Hming mak tak ang maiin a ri a ni lawm ni? A awlsam zawngin, hriselna nena inzawm data khawlkhawmtu, thlirlettu leh hrilhfiahtu an ni. He thu hian policy siamtute leh midangte chu thutlukna pawimawh siam turin a pui thin. Entirnan, an zirchianna hian eng kum leh bial nge natna engemaw zat vei tam ber tih hriat theih nan a pui thei a ni.
• Occupational Health and Safety Specialists: Office-ah emaw, factory-ah emaw i thawk emaw, i himna tur i ngaihtuah a ngai a ni. Heng mite hi hnathawhna hmunte hian himna tehfung a tlin leh tlin loh enfiah thinte an ni. An enfiahna hian hnathawkte chu accident laka an him theih nan a pui a ni.
• Restaurant Inspector: Dawr atanga chaw kan lei hian fai leh fai taka buatsaih a nih leh nih loh kan hmu thei lo. Chutah chuan heng mite hi an pawimawh ta a ni. Restaurant leh hotel-te an enfiah a, hriselna atana tehfung mamawh an zawm leh zawm loh an enfiah ṭhin. Chuvang chuan hlau lova chaw ei nuam kan ti thei a ni. Kan ramah hian Public Health Inspector (PHI) te pawhin he hna hi an thawk a ni.

Chuti a nih chuan, vantlang hriselna chungchangah eng nge kan sawi tum?

Mipui hriselna chungchang hi kan chhehvela thil awmte hian kan dam rei dan leh kan dam that dan tur a nghawng a ni. Heng thilte hian mi zawng zawng hi a nghawng dan inang lo. Chuvangin mithiamte chuan mi chi hrang hrang (entir nan, bial pakhat, chi khat, kum engemaw zat atanga lo kal) te chu an zirchiang thin. Pawl tin hian eng harsatna nge an neih leh tihchangtlun theih dan tur zawn chhuah an duh a ni.

Mi zawng zawngin hriselna enkawlna tha leh facility tha tak tak an neih theih dan inang vek ni se a ropui dawn em tih han ngaihtuah teh. Chumi awmzia chu mi tinin an hriselna vawnhimna atana an mamawh resources te chu dik leh intluktlang taka an neih theih nan a ni tihna a ni. Kan la awm lo. Mahse public health sector chuan a theih ang anga kan thlen theih nan kan inpeih reng a ni.

Heng vantlang hriselna chungchangah hian hun kal zelah a danglam thin. Hei hi hriselna atana hlauhawm thar a lo chhuah theih vang a ni. Tin, damdawi lam thiamna a lo thang chho zel a, hmân laia harsatna lian tak ni ṭhin natna ṭhenkhat chu ngaihtuahawm lian tak a ni tawh lo. Tin, heng thilte hi ram hrang hrangah a inang lo.

Entirnan, Sri Lanka rama mipui hriselna chungchanga kan sawi tur lian ber ber thenkhat chu:

• Dengue hri leng thunun.
• Non-Communicable Diseases (NCDs), Diabetes, Thisen sang, leh Heart Disease te pung .
• Naupang ei leh in lama harsatna leh puitlingah ei leh in lama harsatna a awm.
• Kawngpui chetsualna tihziaawmna.
• Kidney natna, a bik takin kal natna rei tak (CKDu - Chronic Kidney Disease of unknown etiology) hmun thenkhatah.
• Rilru hriselna ngaih pawimawh zawk.
• Environment bawlhhlawhin hriselna a nghawng dan tihtlem.
• Tuberculosis ang chi natna hrik kai theih te chu control a la ngai a ni.
• Mi pawl thenkhat chu inthliarna (systemic racism ang chi) vangin hriselna lama harsatna an neih theihna chance a sang zawk a ni .
• Nakin lawka hri leng emaw, hripui leng emaw atana inbuatsaih.

Hengte hi entirnan tlemte chauh a ni. Mipui hriselna hi thupui zau tak a ni. Hun rei tak chhunga harsatna awm tawhte bakah mamawh thar lo chhuakte chinfelna a zawng thin.

Sri Lanka ang ramah hian engtin nge public health system hi a thawh?

America ang ramah chuan Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) ang institution network lian tak a awm a. Kan ramah chuan Ministry of Health hi institution lian ber a ni a, heng public health services te hi provincial, district leh regional level-ah te kalpui a ni. Regional health directorate office, Medical Officer of Health office (MOH office) te pawh i hre tawh mai thei. Tin, Public Health Inspector (PHI) leh Family Health Midwives te ang official-te chuan khaw chhunga chenna in tlawhin service an pe bawk.

Khaw pakhata tui rawn keng tura mi zawng zawng inkhawm ang mai a ni. Sawrkar health institution chauh ni lovin, midang tam tak nen an thawk ho thin. Entir nan:

• Sorkar department dang, Environmental Protection Agency leh Ministry of Transport-ah te pawh a tel.
• Khawtlang pawl hrang hrang, sakhaw hmun hrang hrang, biak in leh kohhran te .
• Hlawkna nei lo pawl hrang hrangte.
• Damdawi in leh healthcare system dangte.
• Khawtlang tlawmngai pawl te.

Mi zawng zawngin an mamawh hriselna lama rawngbawlna an dawn theihna khawvel siam turin mi zawng zawng tanpuina a pawimawh hle.

Chuti a nih chuan he public health system atang hian eng service nge kan dawn?

Public health system hian service hrang hrang a pe a. An vai hian mi zawng zawng chu a theih ang anga hrisel taka awm theihna hun remchang pek an tum a ni. Ram puma khawtlang tana public health professional-te thil tih ṭhenkhat chu hetiang hi a ni:

• Health data khawlkhawm leh thlirlet: Hei hi Public Health Surveillance an ti a.Mithiamte chuan khawtlang pakhat mamawh hriatthiamna tur pattern an zawng thin. Entîr nân, natna pakhat vei hlauhawm ber chu tute nge ni tih an hre chhuak a ni. Hei hian dengue vei awmna hmun, kum zat, etc. hriatchhuahna kawngah a pui thei a ni.
• Hriselna lama emergency-a chhan let: Natna hrik kai theihna a lo chhuah emaw, thilsiam chhiatna a lo thlen emaw, emergency dang a lo thlen emaw chuan vantlang hriselna lama mithiamte chu hmatawngah an awm thin. Data an khawlkhawm nghal vat a, an tih leh tur chungchangah rawtna an siam thin. Hei hi COVID-19 hripui leng lai khan chiang takin kan hmu a.
• Mipui zirtirna: Hriselna leh natna hi thupui buaithlak tak a ni. Mahse vantlang hriselna lama mithiamte chuan heng scientific facts te hi kan hriatthiam vek tawng hmanga lehlin an pui thin. Entirnan, ei leh in, exercise, leh vaccine pek chungchanga awareness programme te hi a ni.
• Safety standard siam leh tihpuitlin: Heng mite hian hriselna emaw himna dan thenkhat (restaurant, school, hnathawhna hmun ang chi) mamawhna hmunte an enfiah thin. Engkim hi a mamawh ang zat a nih theih nan an enkawl thin.
• Hriselna lama rawngbawlna inang tlanga hmuh theihna tur policy siam: Nitin kan hriselna tichhe thei damdawi lam ni lo thil tam tak a awm a. Chungte chu hriselna tichiangtu ( social determinants of health ) an ti a . Entîr nân, tui thianghlim, zirna ṭha, chenna in him, leh eizawnna ang chi thilte. Public health expert-te chuan heng thilte hian mi pawl thenkhat a nghawng dan an zirchiang a, chutah chuan mi zawng zawngin chance dik tak an neih theih nan policy an siam a ni.

Mipui hriselna lama degree nei em? Chu chu eng nge ni?

Ni e, he subject zir duh tan pawh special degree programme public health tih hi a awm a. `(MPH)` (Master of Public Health) degree i hre tawh mai thei . Hei hi postgraduate degree a ni. Chu chu degree pangngai hnua tih theih tur tihna a ni. Epidemiology, biostatistics, environmental health sciences, health services administration, leh social leh behavioral sciences-ah te training thuk tak a pe a ni.

Tin, university thenkhatah chuan Public Health chu major atan i thlang thei a, first degree, chu chu `(BSPH)` (Bachelor of Science in Public Health) degree i ti thei bawk . He degree i zawh hnuah hian `(MPH)` i ti chhunzawm thei a, a nih loh leh he field-a hna pakhatah i rilru i pe thei bawk.

Mahse public health hi professional field mai a ni lo. Chu aia tam a ni. Midangte nun hrisel thei ang bera awm tura tanpui theihna hun remchang zawngtute thawhhona a ni.

Chuti a nih chuan, he thawnthu atang hian eng nge kan in lama kan hruai duh ber? Hemi atan pawh hian i thawhhlawk thei ang em?

Mipui hriselna hi kan zavaia thatna tur, khawtlang pumpui thatna tur ngaihtuah a ni. Mimal natna tihdam ai chuan, mipui zawng zawng hrisel taka awm tir tumna programme a ni.

He thuziak hi chhiarin, "Wow, midangte hrisel leh him taka awmtir tura tanpui hi thil tha tak a ni," tiin i ngaihtuah a nih chuan vantlang hriselna atan inpekna i siam tawh tihna a ni! Degree emaw specialized training nei lo mah la, nitin i thil tih hian midangte nunah danglamna nasa tak a thlen thei a ni.

Hetiang thil hi han ngaihtuah teh:

• I hriat mi pakhatin doctor pan a harsat chuan kal pui rawh.
• Kar khatah ni khat chu i ṭhenawmte nen chuan tlemte kal a ngai nia inhriain i kal thei a ni.
• Chhungte emaw, ṭhian emaw, mahni chauha awm chu tlawh la, in lama siam chaw ṭha tak pe rawh.
• Hriselna chungchanga thu pawimawh leh thuziak te chu i chhungte leh i thiante hnenah hrilh rawh. Entirnan, hetiang thuziak hi i share thei ang.
• I tualchhung mipui aiawh te hnenah vantlang hriselna chungchanga thil pawimawh nia i hriat chungchang hriattir rawh.

Mipui hriselna hi keimahni, nangmah, kei, mi zawng zawng tichhe thei thil a ni. Chuvangin, chutiang hmalaknate chu thlawp turin mawhphurhna kan nei vek a ni.

Chuvangin, vawiin a kan sawi tawh hi in hriatthiam ka beisei. Mipui hriselna hi thumal mai a ni lo va, kan nun zawng zawng a ni. Kan zavaia kan inkhawm a, kawng tenau deuha kan thawhpui chuan khawtlang hrisel zawk, hlim zawk kan siam thei ang. I hrethiam em?

` Mipui hriselna, Khawtlang hriselna, hriselna kalphung, Natna laka invenna, hriselna tihhmasawn, hriselna lama zirtirna