Khawsik leh flu i vei fo em? A nih loh leh pum na leh riltam i nei em? Chung thil tam tak, min ti natu hnung lamah chuan kan hmuh theih loh hmelma te tak te a awm a. Heng mite hi "virus" kan ti a. Chuti a nih chuan, heng virus te hi tute nge ni? Engtin nge kan taksaah an lut a, min tih nat tir? Vawiin hian heng zawng zawng hi awlsam takin, in hriatthiam theih angin kan sawi dawn a ni.
A awlsam zawngin, virus chu eng nge ni?
Virus hi hrik (pathogen) te tak te, kan mitin kan hmuh theih loh a ni. Mihring, rannung leh thlai chauh ni lovin, bacteria leh fungi te pawh an kai thei a ni. Mahse, virus pakhat hian host chi khat chauh a kai thei a ni.
Virus chu thu tlemte "bag" tlemtea khuh ang mai a ni. He bag hi protein atanga siam protective covering an ti a, ``capsid'' an ti a, kan taksaa cell te ang lo takin virus te hi an inthen darh thei lo va, anmahniin copy an siam thei lo. Chu ai chuan kan taksaa cell pakhatah an lut a, chu cell-a resources leh machinery hmangin anmahni copy sang tam tak an siam a ni.
Hei hi han mitthla teh. Mi pakhatin i kitchen-ah a rawn lut ru a. Anmahni recipe an rawn keng a, mahse i bêl, pan, spoon, blender, oven, engkim hmangin chaw siamna an siam ṭhin. Virus hian chutiang chiah chu a ti ve tho. Virus chu kan cell pakhatah a lut a, chu cell chhunga thil awmte chu hmangin a copy tam tak a siam a ni. A tawpah chuan chu cell chu a tichhia a, chutah chuan a chhuak a, cell dangte a kai ta a ni.
Virus a nihna ber chu engte nge ni?
Virus hian mizia inang engemaw zat a nei a. Eng nge an nih i en ang u.
| Nihphung | Hrilhfiahna awlsam tak |
|---|---|
| Genetic Material hmanga siam a ni | Virus hi genetic information atanga siam a ni. Hei hi RNA emaw DNA emaw pawh a ni thei. He information hi protective protein coat (capsid) chhungah a awm a. |
| Lehkhathawn bawm | Virus thenkhat chuan capsid pawnah fatty coating dang an nei bawk. Hei hi ‘envelope’ kan ti a. Hetiang coating nei lo virus te hi "naked virus" an ti a. |
| Parasitic Nature a ni | Virus te hi parasite ang mai an ni. Mahni chauhin an nung thei lo va, an piang thei lo bawk. Chutiang ti tur chuan cell nung dang (host cell) an mamawh tak zet a ni. |
| A size te tak te hle | Virus hi kan taksaa cell pakhat aiin a let 100 atanga a let 1000 velin a te zawk a ni . Microscope pangngai hmanga hmuh theih an ni lo, electron microscope an mamawh a ni. |
Eng virus chi nge kan hriat tam ber?
Virus chi hrang hrang sang tam tak a awm a. An pianzia, an lian leh te, leh an genetic material a zirin group hrang hrangah an inthen a. Virus chi hrang hrang, kan hriat fo thin leh kan tana pawimawh tak tak te hi han thlir ila.
- Influenza virus: Hengte hi common cold leh flu thlentu an ni. He chhungkaw zinga virus te hian bird flu leh swine flu ang chi thil te pawh an thlen bawk.
- Mihring herpesvirus: Hei hi virus chhungkaw lian tak a ni. Heng virus te hian natna chi hrang hrang a thlen a, chung zingah chuan khawsik natna, genital herpes, chickenpox, leh shingles te pawh a tel.
- Coronaviruses: Tun hnaia khawvel tibuaitu COVID-19 natna hi he chhungkua atanga virus lo chhuak a ni. Amaherawhchu, coronavirus chi hrang hrang, common cold thlentu a awm bawk.
- Human papillomaviruses (HPV): Heng virus te hian vunah hian warts a siam thin. HPV chi thenkhat hian cancer chi hrang hrang, cervical cancer te pawh a thlen thei bawk.
- Hepatitis virus: Heng virus te hi kan thin (liver) kaitu an ni. Hepatitis A, B, leh C te hi a chi hrang hrang a ni.
- Retrovirus: Hengte hi RNA virus an ni. HIV hrik hi he pawlah hian a tel ve a ni. Heng virus te hian an genetic information chu kan DNA ah an dah lut thei a ni.
Virus thenkhat chuan cancer thlen theihna an nei bawk. Oncovirus kan ti a. HPV, hepatitis B leh C, leh HIV te hi heng virus thenkhat te hi an ni.
Engtin nge virus hi kan taksaah a luh?
Virus te hi rukru ang mai an ni a, kan taksaa luh theihna tur kawngkhar an zawng thin. Kan mit, hnar, hmui leh serh chhunga mucous membrane kaltlangin an lut tlangpui. Chumi awmzia chu:
- Hri kai mi pakhatin a khuh emaw, a thawk hah emaw a droplets a inhal hian.
- Virus hian a tihbawlhhlawhna hmun khawih a, chutah chuan kut khata i mit, hnar emaw, i hmui emaw khawih a ni.
- Hri kai tawh nen invenna tel lova sex hman.
- Thisen hrik kai ei hian.
Virus te hi vun hliam emaw, hrual emaw, rannung, rulhut emaw, rulhut emaw (e.g. dengue, Zika) atanga seh hmangin taksaah a lut thei bawk.
Virus te taksaa an luh hnuah eng nge an tih?
Virus pakhatin kan cell a kai dan hi a buaithlak hle. Cycle lian pahnih ah a thleng thei.
1. Lytic Cycle tih a ni
Hei hi active, fast method a ni.
- Attachment leh entry: Virus hi kan cell pakhat chung lamah a inzawm a. Chumi hnuah chuan cell chu a luh theih nan a bum ta a ni.
- Replicating: Cell chhunga vawi khat a luh chuan virus hian cell chu a thunun ta a ni. Chumi hnuah chuan cell-a thil neihte hmangin a genetic material leh protein coat copy sâng tam tak a siam a ni.
- Assembly: Part siam tharte chu an inzawm khawm a, virus particle thar tak tak an siam chhuak ta a ni.
- Release: Cell chhunga virus awm zat a pung a, a tawpah chuan cell chu a puak darh ta a ni. Chumi hnuah chuan virus thar sang tam tak an lo chhuak a, an chhehvela cell hrisel tak takte chu an kai tan ta a ni. Hei hi common cold leh influenza ang chi natnaah pawh a thleng thin.
2. Lysogenic Cycle tih a ni
Hei hi ngawi renga, thup taka hman dan a ni.
- Virus thenkhat cell pakhata an luh hnuah an tichhia lo. Chu ai chuan virus hian a genetic information (DNA) chu cell DNA-ah a inzawm khawm zawk a ni.
- Tunah chuan cell chu a pangngaia a inthen chuan cell thar tin hian chu DNA piece chu virus atang chuan an rochun ta a ni. Cell hian virus a awm tih pawh a hre lo.
- Chutiang chuan virus hi taksaah kum tam tak chhung a inthup thei a, natna lanchhuahna engmah a awm lo.
- Mahse, eng emaw chhan vangin (e.g. stress, natna leh immunity chak lo) he silent virus hi a thawk nghal thei a ni. Tichuan lytic cycle-ah a inthlak a, cell te chu tihchhiat hmangin a kai tan ta a ni. Ka chhunga blister siamtu herpes virus te, leh chickenpox hnua herpes zoster ``(shingles)`` lo awm te hi chutiang entirnan tha tak an ni.
Virus hi a nung em, a nung lo em ni?
Hei hi thil buaithlak deuh a ni. Hemi chungchangah hian scientist-te zingah ngaihdan hrang hrang a awm a. A tlangpuiin, thil nung (organism) tia koh tur chuan a mah chauhin chakna (metabolism) a siam chhuak thei tur a ni a, a mah chauhin a piang chhuak thei tur a ni. Virus hian a pahnih hian a ti thei lo. Cell dang a mamawh tak zet a ni. Chuvangin mi tam tak chuan virus hi nunna nei lo an ti thin .
Mahse, cell chhungah an lo piang chhuak thei a, hun kal zelah an inthlak danglam thei a, chuvang chuan mi thenkhat chuan nunna leh nunna ni lo inkarah an awm an ti.
Virus avanga natna tlanglawn tak takte chu engte nge ni?
Kan nitin nunah natna tam tak kan hmachhawn thin hi virus vang a ni. Entirna thenkhat chu:
- Khawsik tlangpui
- Influenza (flu) 1.1.
- COVID-19 a vei tawh a ni
- Dengue natna a ni
- Vawk natna (Chickenpox) a awm
- Measles natna a ni
- Mumps a awm
- Polio natna a awm
- HIV/AIDS vei vang a ni
- Mipat hmeichhiatna lama natna hrik leh serh cancer (HPV) .
- Genital Herpes natna a awm
- Rabies natna a ni
- Hepatitis (liver natna) .
Virus hi kan khawvelah hian a tel ve a ni. Thenkhatin min ti na thei a, mahse scientist-te chuan kan taksa chhungah virus tluklehdingawn tam tak, chhiatna thlen lova cheng an awm niin an ngai. A pawimawh ber chu faina tih dan tulte zawm a, natna thlen thei virus laka inven nan a hun takah damdawi lam thurawn lak hi a ni.
Take-Home Thuchah a ni
- Virus hi hrik te tak te, mahni chauha nung thei lo, pianthar tur chuan kan taksaa cell mamawh a ni.
- Thli, khawih, taksa tui, leh rulhut seh hmangin an darh thei a ni.
- Viral infection laka invenna tha ber chu faina tha tak neih hi a ni a, chu chu sahbawn leh tui hmanga kut sil fo hi a ni .
- Viral natna hlauhawm tam tak laka inven nan vaccine pek hi a tangkai hle a ni.
- Viral infection symptoms (khawsik, taksa na, khuh, khawsik) i neih chuan chawlh hahdam tam a, doctor pan a , thurawn dik tak dil a pawimawh.
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