Nu naupai i nih lai hian i pum chhunga naupang tê chungchangah zawhna tam tak i neih chu thil pangngai a ni. Heng zawhna thenkhat chhanna zawng tur hian naupai laiin test hrang hrang (prenatal testing) kan ti thin. Chuvangin heng test bik zinga pakhat chu NIPT tih a ni. Hei hian i naute chu Down syndrome ang chi, genetic condition ṭhenkhat nei thei a nih leh nih loh hriatna min pe thei a ni. Mahse, hei hi 100% specific test a ni lo. Chuvangin Doctor thenkhat chuan NIPT (testing) tih ai chuan NIPS (screening) tih hi an duh zawk a ni. A chhan chu hei hian risk a tilang chauh a ni.
NIPT test hi engtin nge kan tih ang? A awlsam khawp mai!
DNA chungchang hi kan hre vek tawh. Kan taksa cell tinah lehkhabu awm ang mai a ni a, kan genetic information zawng zawng a keng tel vek a ni. He DNA chi hrang hrang te pawh kan thisenah hian a lo inher kual tih i hria em. Hei hi cell nei lo DNA kan ti a, `cfDNA` kan ti em?
Chuvangin i naupai lai hian i thisenah hian nangmah ngeiin `cfDNA` a awm a, chubakah i naute DNA (cell-free fetal DNA - cffDNA) fragments te pawh a awm bawk . Chu chu thil mak a ni lo maw? NIPT test-ah hian thisen sample awlsam tak i lak a, i naute DNA fragment te test a ni a, chu chuan genetic condition thenkhat chungchangah clues a pe che a ni. Noninvasive test a nih avangin nangmah emaw i naute tan emaw risk a awm lo.
NIPT test atang hian eng nge kan zir theih ang?
NIPT test hian chromosome-a thil dik lo awmte a zawng ber a ni. A awlsam zawngin kan cell-ah hian chromosome pahnih pahnih in an awm tlangpui. Mahse a chang chuan chromosome pakhat copy pahnih ai chuan pathum a awm thei. Hei hi trisomy kan ti a ni .
NIPT test-in a zawn chhuah trisomy condition lian ber ber leh an dikna chu hetiang hi a ni:
| Genetic dinhmun (genetic) a awm | Chromosome awm zat (Trisomy) 1.1. | NIPT A dikna |
|---|---|---|
| Down syndrome tih hi a ni | Trisomy 21 a ni | ~99% a ni. |
| Edwards natna a ni | Trisomy 18 a ni | ~97% a ni. |
| Patau natna (Patau) natna a ni | Trisomy 13 a ni | ~87% a ni. |
Khawngaihin hre reng ang che: NIPT hi screening test chauh a ni a, risk a awm leh awm loh hriat theihna a ni. Natna a awm tih hi 100% a chiang thei lo.
NIPT result a positive a nih chuan risk a tilang tihna a nih chuan diagnostic test kan neih a ngai a, chu chu finfiah a ngai a ni. Chumi atan chuan test pahnih tih a ni a:
1. Amniocentesis: Nausen pum chhung atanga amniotic fluid sample lak a, test a ni.
2. Chorionic Villus Sampling (CVS): Nausen nausen atanga cell tlemte lakchhuah a , test a ni.
Heng test pahnih hi invasive ( invasive ) a nih avangin risk tlemte a awm. Chuvangin nu thenkhat chuan tihsak an hreh mai thei.
Chu bâkah, NIPT hian naute mipa leh hmeichhia a hriat theih bawk . I hriat duh loh chuan test hmaa doctor hnena hrilh theihnghilh suh.
Tuin nge NIPT test hi tih duh?
He test hi nu tu pawhin naupai kar 10 tling tawh chuan a ti thei a ni. Mahse, test ngei ngei tur a ni lo. Mahse, nu, genetic condition thenkhat avanga risk sang tak nei te chuan hei hi an ngaihven zawk a ni.
Tute nge risk sang zawk?
- Nu kum 35 chunglam.
- Nu, a hmaa nau lo piang tawh, trisomy condition nei te.
- Nu te chu screening test dang (e.g. first trimester screening) hmanga hlauhawma an awm tih hmuhchhuah a ni.
NIPT result rintlak vak lo thei dinhmun
NIPT test hi nu thisena naute DNA awm zat a innghat a ni. Hetiang zat hi a tlangpuiin percentage tlemte a ni a, 10%-20% vel a ni. Chuvangin nu taksaa dinhmun thenkhat chuan heng result te hi a nghawng thei a ni.
- I body mass index (BMI) 30 aia sang a nih chuan.
- Naupang chu donor egg hmanga nau pai a nih chuan.
- Thisen tithianghlimtu thenkhat i hman chuan.
- Nausen pum chhunga fapa mal emaw a aia tam emaw i phur a nih chuan.
Chutiang a nih chuan doctor nen inbia a, NIPT test hi i tan a tha em tih i rel a tha ber.
NIPT result i dawn hnuah eng nge i tih thin?
NIPT test atanga risk (positive result) i neih thu i hriat chuan lungngaihna leh mangang taka i awm hi thil pangngai a ni. Mahse, hlauthawng suh. Pakhatnaah chuan hei hi thutlukna hnuhnung ber a ni lo tih hre reng ang che. Hetih lai hian a result hriatthiam nan genetic counselor emaw i doctor emaw biak a pawimawh hle.
NIPT hi risk-indicating test chauh a ni. Chu result chauh aṭang chuan i fa chungchânga thu tlûkna pawimawh tak tak siam suh.
I duh chuan a hmaa kan sawi tawh ang khan `amniocentesis` emaw `CVS` emaw ang chi diagnostic test hmangin 100% in thil awmdan chu i nemnghet thei ang. A nih loh leh chutiang test te chu nei lo turin dikna i nei a ni. Heng zawng zawng hi i doctor nen zalen takin sawiho rawh.
Take-Home Thuchah a ni
- NIPT hi nu naupai atanga thisen sample lak awlsam tak hmanga tih a ni a, nangmah emaw i naute tan emaw hlauhawmna a awm lo.
- Hei hi 100% definitive diagnosis a ni lo. Down syndrome ang chi natna hlauhawmna tarlanna screening test chauh a ni.
- NIPT result a positive a nih chuan test dang, amniocentesis ang chi tih a nih chuan finfiah tur a ni.
- NIPT result leh a hnuaia hmalakna turte chu i doctor nen sawiho fo la, nangmah chauha thutlukna siam ai chuan.
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