Nu ni tur i nih chuan i doctor chuan ‘NT scan’, emaw ‘first-trimester screening’ chungchang a hrilh che a ni mai thei. He hming i hriat hian tlem chuan hlauthawng leh hriat duhna a siam thei a ni. Mahse a takah chuan fiahna awlsam tak a ni a, hlauh tur a awm lo. He thuziak ah hian he NT scan chungchanga hriat tur zawng zawng kan sawi dawn a ni.
NT scan hi eng nge ni tak tak?
A awlsam zawngin sawi ila, NT scan hi ultrasound scan bik a ni a, i naupai thla thum hmasa ber, kar 11 leh 14 inkar chhunga tih thin a ni a, hei hi a hming kimchang chu Nuchal Translucency scan a ni. I naute hian genetic condition thenkhat, Down syndrome ang chi a neih theihna tur a en ber a ni.
Vawi tam tak chu he scan hi thisen test dang engemaw zat nen a inzawm fo thin. Heng thisen test te hian i thisena hormone leh protein thenkhat awm zat a enfiah thin. Entir nan:
- A thlawna beta- Mihring Chorionic Gonadotropin (b-hCG) tih a ni.
- Naupai laia plasma protein-A (PAPP-A) 10.1.
- Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) hmanga siam a ni.
Heng hormone leh protein te hi hmeichhe naupai zawng zawng taksaah a awm vek a. Mahse naute hian Down syndrome ang chi natna a neih chuan an level chu a tlangpui aia hniam emaw, a sang emaw a ni thei. NT scan leh heng thisen test te hi kan tih dun chuan ‘combined first-trimester screening’ kan ti thin. A result hi an tih dun chuan a dik zawk.
He scan hian eng chiah nge a zawn?
Hei hi thil ngaihnawm tak a ni. Nausen pum chhunga lo seilian apiang hian an kawr hnung lamah vun hnuaiah hian membrane te tak te an nei a, chu chu tui tlemtein a khat a ni. Hei hi ‘nuchal fold’ kan ti a. Hei hi naute hrisel zawng zawngin an neih vek a ni.
Mahse, naute genetic condition thenkhat neiah chuan he ‘nuchal fold’ ah hian a tlangpui aia tam tui a pung khawm thin. Tichuan chu membrane chu a thim deuh ta a ni. NT scan hian chu thickness chu a teh thin.
Hetiang thickness atang hian naute hian genetic condition engemaw tak a neih theihna tur risk chu chhut theih a ni.
| Condition Screened a ni | Hrilhfiahna awlsam tak |
|---|---|
| Down syndrome (Down syndrome / Trisomy 21) natna a awm thei lo. | Kan cell-te hian kan cell-a kan neih ṭhin pahnih aiah chromosome 21 copy dang, a nih loh leh copy pathum an neih theihna dinhmun. Hei hian rilru leh taksa hmasawnna a nghawng thei a ni. |
| Trisomy 13 leh 18 te a ni | Hei hi Down syndrome nen a inang hle. Hetah hian chromosome 13 emaw 18 emaw extra copy a awm a, hengte hi piansualna na tak tak thlentu dinhmun a ni. |
| Turner syndrome a ni | X chromosome kengtu naute hmeichhia chauh a nghawng thei dinhmun. Chutiang a nih chuan X chromosome thenkhat emaw, a zawng zawng emaw a bo vek a ni. Hei hian hmasawnna lama harsatna leh thinlung lam harsatna a thlen thei a ni. |
| Pianpui thinlung natna | Pian tirh hian thinlung lam chhiatna thenkhat a awm thin. Ṭhenkhat chu nunna atana hlauhawm an ni thei a, ṭhenkhat erawh chuan harsatna engmah an thlen lo thei thung. |
Mahse hei hi hriat reng a pawimawh: NT scan hi screening test a ni a, diagnostic test a ni lo. Chumi awmzia chu i naute hian heng natna te hi a nei tih 100% in a tichiang lo tihna a ni. Chutiang natna vei theihna chance a sang em tih chauh a tarlang a ni.
He thupui ber bakah hian doctor chuan he scan a tih hian thil dang engemaw zat a ngaihven ang.
- I naute chu a thang tha em?
- Nausen pum chhungah hian naute engzat nge awm?
- Twins an nih chuan placenta inang an nei em?
- I naupai hun chhung dik tak i hriat chian a ngai .
NT scan neih chhung hian eng nge thleng?
Hei hi scan dang i neih tawh ang bawkin scan pangngai a ni. Thil danglam bik a awm lo. Scan hma darkar khat velin tui glass 2 atanga 3 vel in turin an ti ang che. A chhan chu i bladder a khat hunah naute chiang taka hmuh a awlsam zawk vang a ni. Chuvangin scan hmain zun loh tur. Tlem chuan nuam lo deuhin a lang thei a, mahse scan chu a kal tha thei ang.
Scan room-a i luh chuan khumah mu turin an ti ang che. Chumi hnuah chuan technician chuan i pum hnuai lam ah gel tlem a hnawih ang a, chutah chuan instrument te tak te (wand/probe) hmangin thlalak a la ang. Hetih lai hian pressure tlem i nei ang a, mahse a hrehawm lo vang . Thlalak tul tak tak lak a nih hnuah scan chu a zo ta a ni. A hma ang bawkin i haw thei ang.
He scan hi neih a ngai em?
No. NT scan hi test ngei ngei tur a ni lo. Optional tak a ni vek. Chumi awmzia chu i neih leh neih loh tur thutlukna siam turin dikna famkim i nei tihna a ni.
Nu leh pa thenkhat chuan he test hi tih hi an duh a, an naute hriselna atana hlauhawm tur an hriat lawk thin. Chutiang chuan naupang mamawh bik nei an awm chuan chu naupang enkawl turin rilru leh kawng dang zawng zawngah inbuatsaih hun an nei thin.
Tin, nu leh pa ṭhenkhat chuan chutiang test-na chuan a ṭul lova lungngaihna a thlen thei niin an ngai bawk. A result-in an fa enkawl dan a thlak danglam loh chuan test neih loh an rel mai thei. Thutlukna pahnihte hi a dik a ni. A pawimawh ber chu nang leh i kawppui nen hian i tana tha ber tur thutlukna siam tur a ni a, a tul chuan i doctor nen in siam dun tur a ni.
Scan result hi engtin nge kan hriatthiam theih ang?
Naute chu pum chhunga a lo seilian chhoh zel chuan a hmaa kan sawi tawh nuchal fold pawh zawi zawiin a thik chho zel bawk. Chuvangin, scan chhunga tehna an hmuh chu kum inang naute hrisel dang tehna average nen khaikhin a ni.
| Nghawngchhuah | Hrilhfiahna |
|---|---|
| A vaiin result (Low Risk) a ni. | Kar 11-ah chuan tehna chu millimeter 2 (2mm) thleng a ni a, kar 13 leh ni 6-ah chuan millimeter 2.8 (2.8mm) thlenga teh chu thil pangngai anga ngaih a ni. Chumi awmzia chu naute hian genetic condition a neih theihna chance a hniam tihna a ni. |
| Results pangngai lo (High Risk) 1.1. | A chunga kan sawi tak normal range aia sang a nih chuan "high risk" result anga ngaih a ni. Hei hian naute hian natna a nei tihna a ni lo va, a hlauhawmna chu a tlangpui aia sang zawk tihna chauh a ni. |
I doctor chuan he scan tehna chauh ni lovin, i kum leh thisen test result pawh hmangin final diagnosis a siam ang. NT scan leh thisen test hi an inzawm khawm chuan 85% velin genetic condition awm theihna tur a hrilhfiah thei a ni .
Mahse, "false positive" result a awm theihna chance 5% a awm. Chumi awmzia chu naute chu harsatna a awm lo a nih pawhin a hlauhawmna a sang zawk thei tihna a ni.
NT scan result a dik lo a nih chuan engtin nge kan tih ang?
A hmasa berah chuan hlauthawng suh . ‘High risk’ result chuan naute chungah harsatna a awm tihna a ni hauh lo. Test belh a ngai tihna chauh a ni.
I doctor chuan test dang i tih theih tur a rawn rawt ang che. Heng test te hian 100% dik takin a diagnosis theih a ni.
- Chorionic Villus Sampling (CVS): Hetah hian nausen atanga tissue te tak te tak te lakchhuah a ni a, enfiah a ni.
- Amniocentesis: Hei hi nausen pum chhunga amniotic fluid sample tlemte lak a, test a ni.
- Prenatal cell-free DNA (cfDNA) screening: Hei hi thisen test awlsam tak a ni a, i naute DNA fragment te chu i thisenah a zirchiang a, genetic conditions a screening a ni. ( Hei hi thisen test awlsam tak a ni a, i naute DNA fragment te chu i thisenah a zirchiang a, genetic condition a enfiah thin.)
I doctor chuan heng test tinte ṭhatna, ṭhat lohna leh hlauhawmnate chu i dinhmun ang zela siamin a hrilhfiah ang che. Tichuan, i neih leh neih loh chu i rel thei ang.
Take-Home Thuchah a ni
- NT scan hi naupai thla thum khat chhunga ultrasound test him tak leh hrehawm lo tak a ni.
- Hei hi tih ngei ngei tur a ni lo. Nangmah ah a innghat vek a ni.
- Hei hian Down syndrome ang chi genetic conditions a awm leh awm loh a test a, mahse natna a awm leh awm loh a finfiah lo.
- ‘High risk’ result i hmuh chuan hlauthawng suh, i doctor nen inbia la, test dang neih belh leh rawh.
- I harsatna leh rinhlelhna zawng zawng doctor nen sawiho leh tichiang ngai suh.
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