I mōhio koe ki ēnei mea e pā ana ki ō ara manawa?

E manawa tonu ana tātou katoa, tika? Engari kua whakaaroaro hohonu ake koe mō te urunga mai o tēnei manawa ki roto i ō tātou tinana, me pēhea tōna putanga mai anō, me ngā ara e haere ai i tēnei haerenga? Pērā i ngā rori mō ngā motuka, he pūnaha rori motuhake kei roto i ō tātou tinana hei wāhi mō te hau e haere ana tātou ki te tomo me te puta anō. Ko aua rori te mea e kiia nei e tātou ko ngā 'airways', arā, ko ngā 'airways' i te reo Pākehā. He wāhanga tino nui ēnei o tō tātou pūnaha manawa.

Nā, he aha ēnei ara hau?

He whakarāpopototanga noa iho, ko ō ara manawa ko ngā ngongo, ngā ara rānei, e tuku ana i te hau ki roto, ki waho hoki i ō pūkahukahu. Whakaarohia ēnei hei ara rere mō ngā waka rererangi ki te tau me te rere. Ko ēnei ara te wāhi e tomo ai te hau whai hāora ki roto i ō pūkahukahu, ā, ka tukuna atu te hauhā waro (CO2), he para e kohia ana i roto i ngā pūkahukahu, mai i tō tinana.

E rua ngā wāhanga matua o ēnei ara hau:

1. Ngā Huarahi Rererangi o Runga: Kei te taha o tō mata, o tō upoko, me tō kaki ēnei. He rite ki ngā papa o runga o te whare. Kei roto i ēnei:

• Ngā poka ihu
• Ngā kōhao o te sinus ('sinuses')
• Te wāhanga o runga o te korokoro (pharynx)
• Pouaka reo (korokoro)

Ko ēnei wāhanga te wāhi e kapohia ai te hau mai i waho ki roto i te tinana.

2. Ngā Huarahi Rererangi o Raro: Kei te taha raro o tō kaki me tō uma ēnei. E hono tika ana ki ngā pukahukahu. Kei roto i ēnei:

• Te pūhā o te manawa (te trachea - e kiia ana hoki ko te bronchi )
• Ngā ara manawa matua ('bronchi' - koinei ngā ngongo nui e rua e wehewehe ana i te trachea kia rua)
• Ngā ara manawa iti (ngā 'pūkahukahu' - aua ngongo nui e manga ana ki ngā ngongo iti)

He aha ngā ratonga e tukuna ana e ngā kamupene rererangi ki a tātou?

Ko te mea nui kia waiho hei ara mō te hau. Engari, hei tāpiri atu ki tēnā, he mahi tino nui tā ēnei ara hau.

• Te whakahaere i te pāmahana me te haumākū: Whakaarohia kei te manawa koe i tētahi rā makariri. Kāore i te pai mēnā ka haere tika atu taua hau makariri ki ō pukahukahu. Nō reira, ka whakamahanahia e ēnei ara manawa te hau kia rite ki te pāmahana o tō tinana. Waihoki, mēnā he maroke te hau, ka tāpirihia e rātou te makuku e tika ana ki roto.

• Te tango me te tiaki i te hūpē: He miriona ngā huruhuru ririki kei roto i ō tātou ara manawa. Ka kiia ēnei he cilia. He rite ki ngā puruma iti. I te ara manawa o runga, ka aukatihia e ēnei ngā matū kino pēnei i te puehu me ngā huakita kei uru. I te ara manawa o raro, ka mau te matū e kiia nei ko te hūpē i ēnei matūriki ririki. Kātahi ka neke ake ngā cilia pēnei i te ngaru ka pana i tēnei hūpē ki te korokoro. Ka kiia tēnei tukanga ko te ara piki mucociliary. Kātahi, ina maremare, ina tihe rānei tātou, ka peia atu tēnei hūpē me aua matū kino i te tinana. Ahakoa te āhua nei he mea whakararuraru te hanga tonu o te hūpē, he huarahi tēnei mā te tinana ki te tiaki i a ia anō.

• Te āwhina i te kōrero me te hongi: E mōhio ana koe ki te āhua o tō kōrero? Ina whakapūha koe i te hau, ka haere te hau mā roto i ngā taura reo i roto i tō pouaka reo (larynx) ka wiri, ka hanga he oro. Waihoki, ina whakapūha koe i te hau, ka pā ngā matūriki kakara e haere tahi mai ana me te hau ki tētahi io motuhake i te tihi o tō ihu (te io hongi), ā, ka tae taua karere ki tō roro, ka mea atu, "Āe... he kakara rōhi tērā."

Kia mōhio tātou ki ngā wāhanga matua o te ara manawa.

Kua kōrerohia e tātou ētahi mea i runga ake nei. Nā, me titiro tātou ki te hanganga o tēnei ara, mai i te ihu ki ngā pēke hau iti (alveoli) i roto i ngā pukahukahu.

• Te kōhao ihu (i roto i te ihu)
• Ngā sinuses (ngā kōhao i roto i te angaanga huri noa i te ihu)
• Pharynx (korokoro)
• Te pūkahukahu (pouaka reo)
• Te pūhā (te pūhā o te korokoro)
• Ngā pūhā matua (ngā pūhā) (ngā ngongo nui e rua e wehewehe ana i te trachea)
• Ngā Pūnaha iti (ngā ngongo iti ka wehea kia iti ake)

Ka hono atu ēnei ara manawa iti ki ngā pēke hau iti (alveoli) i roto i ngā pukahukahu, he rite ki ngā tautau karepe. Koinei te wāhi e whakawhitiwhiti ai te hāora me te hauhā waro.

He aha ngā mate e pāngia ai ngā ara manawa?

Heoi, he maha ngā momo mate e pā ana ki tēnei pūnaha nui. Ka taea te wehewehe i ēnei ki ngā momo matua e toru.

1. Ngā mate pūmau

Ehara ēnei i ngā mate ka puta whakarere mai, ka pai ake, engari he roa te wā e mau ana, mō te wā katoa pea.

• Te mate huango: He āhuatanga tēnei e pupuhi ai, e whaiti ai ngā ara manawa, ā, e uaua ai te manawa. Ka rongo ētahi tāngata i te kikī o te uma ina tihe ana.
• Te Pūkahukahu Ānini: Koinei te wā ka ngoikore ai ngā pakitara o ngā ara manawa, ka pupuhi ai hoki. Ka uaua te whakakore i te hūpē, ā, ka pāngia pea e ngā mate.
• Te mate pūkahukahu ārai mau tonu (COPD): He mate pūkahukahu mau tonu tēnei e pā pinepine ana ki ngā kaipaipa. Ka pā kino te mate ki ngā pūkahukahu mō te wā roa, ā, ka uaua te manawa.
• Te mate pūkahukahu: He mate ira tēnei e matotoru ai, e ārai ai hoki ngā waikura i roto i te tinana, inā koa te hūpē.

2. Te mumura o te ara manawa

He pupuhi noa iho te mumura. He maha ngā take ka pupuhi ai ēnei ara manawa.

• Ngā Mate Pukupuku: Ka pupuhi pea ngā ara manawa i ngā mate huaketo, kitakita rānei pērā i te rewharewha, te makariri, te niumōnia, me te COVID-19.
• Mate pāwera: Ka pupuhi hoki ngā ara manawa i ngā mate pāwera ki ngā mea pēnei i te puehu, te hae, me ētahi kai.

Ka rerekē te ingoa o te mate i runga i te wāhi e noho ana tēnei pupuhi:

• Mena ka mumura ngā ara manawa matua: Te mate pūkahukahu
• Mena ka pupuhi ngā ara manawa iti (he maha ngā wā ka pā ki ngā tamariki nohinohi): Te mate pūkahukahu
• Mena ka pupuhi ngā kōhao o te sinus: Sinusitis

3. Te aukati i te ara manawa (Nga aukati)

I ētahi wā ka āraia ngā ara manawa e tetahi mea.

• Ngā mea tauhou: Ko ngā tamariki nohinohi, inā koa, he ngāwari ki te piri ki roto i ō rātou ihu me ō rātou korokoro ngā taonga takaro, ngā nati, me ngā kai pēnei i te pī.
• Ngā tipu pai: I ētahi wā ka puta ngā tipu ehara i te matepukupuku ki roto i ngā ara manawa, ka aukati i te ara.
• Ngā pukupuku matepukupuku: Ka taea hoki e ngā mea pēnei i te matepukupuku pūkahukahu te aukati i ngā ara manawa.
• Te whaiti o te ara manawa ('Stenosis'): Mō ētahi take, ka whaiti pea tetahi wāhanga o te ara manawa, ka piri.
• Te mate moe ārai (OSA): Koinei te āhua e kiia ana e te tini o te tangata ko te "ngote." Ka hinga te kiko ngohengohe i muri o te korokoro i te wā e moe ana, ka aukati i te ara manawa.

He aha ngā tohu noa o ngā mate manawa?

Mena kei a koe ēnei tohu, tera pea nā te raruraru manawa:

• Te ihu pupuhi, te ihu pupuhi.
• He oro rerekē i te wā e manawa ana. Hei tauira, tera pea he oro whiowhio (`wheezing`) he oro kaha rānei (`stridor`) .
• Te uaua ki te manawa (dyspnea) – te poto o te manawa me te pēhanga o te uma ahakoa te piki i ētahi arawhata.
• Te hiamoe nui rawa atu i te awatea (ina koa mō te hunga whai OSA).
• Te maremare pinepine, i ētahi wā ka puta he huware.

He mea nui: Mena kei a koe ēnei tohu, he mea pai kia toro atu ki te tākuta me te rapu tohutohu.

He aha ngā whakamātautau ka mahia e ngā tākuta hei tautuhi i ēnei mate?

Ka taea e te tākuta te tono i ngā whakamātautau maha i runga i ō tohumate:

• Endoscopy: He tikanga e whakamahi ana i tētahi ngongo angiangi (scope) me tētahi kāmera e piri ana ki reira hei tirotiro i roto i ngā ara manawa. Mēnā ka titiro mā roto i te ihu, ka kiia he nasal endoscopy, ā, ki te titiro ki roto i te trachea me te bronchi, ka kiia he bronchoscopy.
• Ngā whakamātautau mahi a ō pūkahukahu: He whakamātautau ēnei e ine ana i ngā mea pēnei i te pai o tō manawa me te kaha o ō pūkahukahu.
• Te oximetry o te manawa: He whakamātautau māmā e ine ana i te taumata hāora i roto i te toto mā te whakatakoto i tētahi topenga iti ki te maihao.
• Ngā hihi-X o te uma me ngā matawai CT: Ka taea e ēnei te tango whakaahua mārama o ngā ara manawa me ngā pukahukahu hei tautuhi i ngā raruraru.
• Ngā rangahau moe: Ka mahia ēnei whakamātautau hei whakatau mēnā kei te pāngia koe e te mate moe pōrearea (OSA).

He aha ngā maimoatanga mō ngā mate manawa?

He rerekē ngā tikanga maimoatanga i runga i te mate me tōna kaha.

• Ngā momo rongoā:
• Whakaitihia te pupuhi me te whakatuwhera i ngā ara manawa: He maha ngā wā ka mahia tēnei mā te whakamahi i ngā `(ngā rongoā manawa)` (hei tauira, `ngā rongoā corticosteroids manawa`, `ngā rongoā whakaroa i te manawa`).
• Mō ngā mate pāwera: Ka hoatu ngā rongoā pēnei i te "pāturopi huaketo" mō ngā mate huaketo, ngā "pāturopi" mō ngā mate kitakita, me ngā "pāturopi harore" mō ngā mate harore.
• Hei whakahaere i te pupuhi i puta mai i ngā mate pāwera, kei reira ngā rongoā pēnei i te "Antihistamine" me te "Leukotriene modifiers".

• Mena kua āraia te ara manawa, kāore rānei e taea e koe te manawa:
• Pokanga: Mena ka āraia te ara e tetahi mea pēnei i te pukupuku, me tango ma te pokanga.
• Te whakaurunga o te ngongo: Mēnā he uaua rawa te manawa, ka whakauruhia he ngongo (ngoi endotracheal) mā te waha, mā te ihu rānei, ā, i ētahi wā ka whakamahia he mīhini (mīhini whakapūngao / ventilator) hei whakarato manawa.
• Tracheostomy (tracheotomy rānei): He tikanga e hangaia ai he kōhao iti ki mua o te kaki ki roto i te pūwero manawa (trachea) hei tuku i te manawa. Ka taea tēnei te wā poto, te wā pumau rānei.

• Mō te hunga e pāngia ana e te mate moe ārai (OSA): Ka whakamahia he taputapu e kiia nei ko te mīhini CPAP i te pō i a koe e moe ana. Ka whakamahia e tēnei te pēhanga hau hei pupuri i tō ara manawa kia tuwhera tonu.

Me pēhea te pupuri i te hauora o ōku ara manawa?

"He pai ake te ārai i te rongoā," te kī a rātou. Nō reira, he maha ngā mea ka taea e tātou te mahi hei pupuri i te hauora o ō tātou ara manawa.

• Kaua e hikareti me te hikareti hiko: Koinei te mea nui rawa atu. Ka taea e ngā matū kei roto i ngā hikareti me ngā hua hikareti hiko te whakararu nui i ngā ara manawa me ngā pukahukahu. Mena kei a koe ngā raruraru manawa, ka taea e te hikareti te whakararu i aua raruraru.
• Āraia ngā paoa me ngā hau kino: Āraia te hongi i ngā mea pēnei i te paoa tuarua, ngā paoa matū, ngā putanga hau o ngā waka, me te radon (he hau irahiko ka hua ai he mate pukupuku). Mena ka tūpono koe ki te puehu, ki ngā paoa rānei e tō mahi, e tō hākinakina rānei, kia mau koe i te kopare kanohi.
• Inumia he nui te wai: Mā te inu i te nui o te wai i te roanga o te rā ka āwhina i te whakangawari i te hūpē i roto i te ara manawa, ā, ka ngāwari ake te puta atu i te tinana.
• Tiakina koe i ngā mate urutā: Horoia ō ringaringa ki te hopi me te wai i ngā wā katoa. Taupokina tō waha me tō ihu ki te tauera ina tihe koe, ina maremare rānei. Tikina ngā werohanga e tika ana kia rite ki ngā tohutohu a tō tākuta.
• Ngā Mahi Whakawātea Ara Ārai: Ko ētahi tāngata, inā koa ko te hunga whai mate pēnei i te COPD, te Bronchiectasis rānei, he uaua ki te tango i te hūpē. He tikanga motuhake anō hoki mō rātou, pēnei i te maremare me te whakaora tinana o te uma. Pātai atu ki tō tākuta mō ēnei.

Karere Whakamutunga mō te Tango ki te Kāinga

Kua mārama pea koe ināianei ehara ō tātou ara manawa i ngā ngongo iti noa iho. He mahi nui tā rātou mō ō tātou tinana! Ahakoa kāore tātou e mōhio, ka tiakina e rātou ō tātou tinana mai i ngā iroriki, ka āwhina i a tātou ki te kōrero, ka āwhina hoki i a tātou ki te hongi i ngā putiputi ataahua.

Nō reira, he mea tino nui kia tiakina e tātou katoa tēnei pūnaha whai hua. Ko ngā mea pai rawa atu ka taea e tātou ko te karo rawa i te kai hikareti, te kore e hongi i te paowa kino, te inu nui i te wai, me te mahi i ngā mahi e tika ana hei tiaki i a tātou mai i ngā mate . Kia tiakina tō hauora manawa!

Ara manawa, Ārai manawa, manawa, pukahukahu, hūpē, mate huango, mate manawa