He uaua ki tāu tamaiti te hono atu ki ētahi atu me te kōrero? He uaua ki a ia te titiro kanohi ki a ia? He tangi rānei ia i ētahi wā, kāore he take e kitea ana, he whanonga rānei i waho o te āhua o tōna āhua? Mena he mate whanaketanga tō tāu tamaiti pērā i te autism, e mōhio ana pea koe ki te whakararuraru o ēnei whanonga. Ko tētahi kōwhiringa maimoatanga ka taea e koe te whakaaro i roto i tēnei āhuatanga ko te ABA, te Tātari Whanoketanga Whakamahinga rānei.
He aha te ABA?
He rongoā whanonga motuhake te ABA e whakamahia ana mō ngā tamariki me ngā pakeke he autism me ētahi atu hauātanga whanaketanga. He whakaaro tino māmā tēnei. Arā, ina utua e tātou tētahi whanonga, ka nui ake te tūponotanga ka mahi anō te tamaiti i taua whanonga.
Ara, ina whakakaha tātou i ngā whanonga pai, pai o te tamaiti, ka piki ake aua whanonga. Waihoki, ki te kore tātou e akiaki i ētahi whanonga hē, ka heke haere aua whanonga, ā, i ētahi wā ka ngaro rawa atu.
Ka taea e te rongoā ABA te āwhina i te tamaiti autism ki ngā mea pēnei i:
- Whakapai ake i ngā hononga pāpori me ngā taunekeneke.
- Akohia ngā pūkenga hou.
- Whakanuia ngā whanonga pai, pai.
- Whakaitihia ngā whanonga uaua me ngā whanonga raruraru.
Kua whakaatuhia e ngā rangahau he pānga pai tō te rongoā ABA ki te whakahoahoa, ki ngā pūkenga kōrero, me te reo whakapuaki a ngā tamariki. Kua whakaatuhia e ētahi rangahau ko te whakarato rongoā ABA mō te neke atu i te 20 hāora ia wiki i ngā tau tuatahi o te oranga o te tamaiti (ina koa i mua i te 4 tau te pakeke) ka arahi ki ngā whakapainga nui i roto i te whanaketanga o te tamaiti me te whakaiti i te tūponotanga o te hiahia ki ngā ratonga motuhake i muri mai i te oranga.
He aha te mea e tupu ana i te wā o te wā whakaora ABA?
Ina tīmata tāu tamaiti i te rongoā ABA, ka tūtaki tuatahi ia ki tētahi kaitātari whanonga e tohunga ana ki tēnei mara. Ka kiia rātou he Kaitātari Whanoke Poari Tiwhikete (BCBA). Māna e aromatawai tuatahi ngā hiahia me ngā pūkenga o tāu tamaiti.
I muri i te mōhio pai ki te tamaiti, me te mārama ki ōna pūkenga, ka hangaia he mahere maimoatanga takitahi mō taua tamaiti . E whakamārama mārama ana tēnei mahere i ngā whanonga e arohia ana, me ngā mea e tika ana kia whakapaitia.
He maha ngā tikanga me ngā tikanga e whakamahia ana e te kaiwhakaora hinengaro ABA a tāu tamaiti, i runga i ngā hiahia o te tamaiti me te whanonga e arohia ana e rātou.
He aha ngā tikanga matua e whakamahia ana i roto i te rongoā ABA?
He maha ngā tikanga e whakamahia ana e ngā kaiwhakaora hinengaro i roto i te rongoā ABA. Anei ētahi o ngā tikanga matua. Mā te mārama ki ngā rerekētanga i waenganui i ēnei ka āwhina i a koe ki te mārama ake ki tēnei rongoā.
| Tikanga maimoatanga | Hei whakarāpopototanga, | Te āhua o te tupu |
|---|---|---|
| Whakangungu Whakamātautau Motuhake (DTT) | Te whakaako hanganga, taahiraa i te taahiraa | Ka noho tahi te kaiwhakaora hinengaro me te tamaiti, ka wehewehe i tētahi mahi kia iti, ka whakaako takitahi i a rātou. Ka whakatenatena i a rātou ina tika ā rātou mahi. He tino pūnaha tēnei. I te nuinga o te wā, ka mahia ngā mahi i runga i te tēpu e noho ana. |
| Te Maimoatanga Tauhohenga Pivotal (PRT) | Te ako mā te tākaro | Kāore tēnei i te tino hanganga pērā i te DTT. I konei, ka aro nui ki ngā hiahia me ngā hiahia o te tamaiti. Ina tīmata te tamaiti i tētahi kēmu e pai ana ki a ia, ka uru atu te kaiwhakaora hinengaro, ka whakaako i ngā pūkenga kua tohua mā roto. Tae atu ki ngā utu ka honoa ki te kēmu. (Hei tauira, ki te tika te whakatakoto a te tamaiti i ētahi poraka, ka whakaaetia kia pakaruhia e ia). |
| Tauira Tīmatanga Moata o Denver (ESDM) | He huinga o ngā tikanga e rua | Ka whakamahia ngā mahi tākaro pēnei i te PRT. Heoi, ki te tika, ka whakamahia ngā tikanga whakaako pūnaha pēnei i te DTT. Ka ngana ki te whakatutuki i ngā whāinga maha i roto i te mahi kotahi. (Hei tauira, te mōhio ki ngā āhua me te whakawhanake i ngā pūkenga nekeneke pai i te wā e hanga ana i tētahi panga). |
He mea nui, i ngā wā o mua, i whakamahia e te rongoā ABA te whiu mō te whanonga hē, engari kāore tēnā i te whakaaetia i ēnei rā.Ko ngā maimoatanga ABA o nāianei e hangai katoa ana ki te whakapakari pai.
Ngā whakaaro hē me te pono mō te rongoā ABA
He rerekē ngā whakaaro o te hapori mō te rongoā ABA. Ko ētahi o aua whakaaro he whakaaro hē. Me kōrero tātou mō tēnā.
| Whakaaro hē | He kōrero pono |
|---|---|
| E ngana ana te ABA ki te "whakataurite" i ngā tamariki, mā te huri i a rātou hei karetao e whanonga ana pērā i te katoa. | Kāo. Ko te whāinga matua o te rongoā ABA he whakawhanake i ngā whanonga whai tikanga pāpori e pā ana ki te haumaru o te tamaiti, ki tana ako, me tōna oranga pāpori. Ehara i te mea he ngana ki te hanga i te tamaiti hei tangata rerekē. |
| He rite tēnei ki te whakangungu kararehe. | Ko te ABA e ahu mai ana i te pūtaiao o te ako me te whanonga. Ahakoa ka taea hoki te whakamahi i te ariā o te whakapakari pai i roto i te whakangungu kararehe, ka whakamahia te rongoā ABA mō te tangata hei whakaako i te tamaiti ki ngā pūkenga me ngā whanonga nui o te ao. |
| Ko ngā raruraru whanonga anake te arotahi a te ABA. | He pono kei te ngana ki te whakaiti i ngā whanonga raruraru. Engari mā te kaupapa ABA whai hua ka taea tēnei mā te whakaako i ngā huarahi mahi hei whakakapi i aua whanonga, me te whakanui ake i ngā whanonga pai. |
| He momo utu whakapati te ABA e utua ai ngā tamariki kia noho hei "tamariki pai". | He whakaaro hē tēnei. I roto i te whakapakari pai, ka kōrero wawe koe ki tāu tamaiti he aha te mea e tumanakohia ana me te aha ka riro mai i a koe. Ko te utu whakapati he wā kua uru kē te tamaiti ki te whanonga hē, ā, ka tukuna atu e koe he mea hei whakamutu i taua whanonga. He rerekē rawa ngā mea e rua. |
Kia pēhea te roa e hiahiatia ai e taku tamaiti te rongoā ABA?
Ko te roa o te wā e hiahiatia ana e tāu tamaiti te rongoā ABA, e whakawhirinaki ana ki ētahi āhuatanga. He rerekē ia tamaiti, ia tamaiti, nō reira kāore he wā kotahi e pai ana mō te katoa. Kia tīmata tāu tamaiti ki te mahi tahi me tētahi kaiwhakaora hinengaro, ka taea e rātou te hoatu ki a koe he whakaaro mō te roa e hiahiatia ana e tāu tamaiti.
Ka whai whakaaro te kaiwhakaora hinengaro ki te momo maimoatanga e whakamahia ana, te nui o te āwhina e hiahiatia ana e te tamaiti, me te tere o te whanaketanga o te tamaiti.
Ina kitea he autism tō tamaiti, tera pea ka pōuri koe. Kei te hiahia koe ki te mahi i te mea pai rawa atu māu mō tō tamaiti. Engari nā te maha o ngā kōwhiringa maimoatanga hei whiriwhiri māu, he uaua ki te mōhio ko tēhea te mea hei whiriwhiri māu.
Ko te tākuta o tāu tamaiti te tangata pai hei kōrero atu i tēnei wā. Kōrero ki a rātou mō ō whiringa, ā, whakatauhia mēnā he tika te rongoā ABA mō tāu tamaiti.
Mā te rongoā ABA, ka taea e tāu tamaiti te whiwhi āwhina nui ki te whakahaere i ā rātou whanonga, ki te ako i ngā mea hou, tae atu ki te whakaiti i te tūponotanga o te hiahia ki ngā ratonga motuhake ā muri ake nei.
Karere Tangohia ki te Kāinga
- Ko te ABA (Tātari Whanoke Āhua) he tikanga maimoatanga pūtaiao e akiaki ana i ngā whanonga pai, e whakaiti ana hoki i ngā whanonga wero i roto i ngā tamariki autism me ētahi atu mate whanaketanga.
- Ka whakaritea tēnei maimoatanga mō ia tamaiti, kia rite ki tētahi mahere takitahi kua whakaritea mō ngā matea me ngā āheinga o taua tamaiti.
- He maha ngā tikanga e whakamahia ana i roto i te rongoā ABA, pērā i te DTT (hanganga), te PRT (tākaro-ā-ringa), me te ESDM (tikanga whakauru).
- Kāore he whiu i roto i te rongoā ABA o nāianei. Ko tōna pūtake he whakakaha pai anake.
- Me kōrero tonu ki te tākuta o tāu tamaiti mēnā he tika te rongoā ABA mō tāu tamaiti, ā, mō ētahi atu kōrero anō hoki.
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