Kua kite koe i te whakaaro nui o ētahi ki ō rātou taumaha me ā rātou kai? He mea pai pea te ngana ki te whakaiti i te taumaha. Engari he aha te mea ka puta mai ina tino kaha rawa koe, ka tīmata ki te whakaiti i tō taumaha me te whakahaere i tō kai? I tēnei rā ka kōrero tātou mō tētahi kaupapa rerekē engari he mea nui. He āhuatanga e kiia nei ko te anorexia atypical, ko te `(Atypical Anorexia Nervosa)` rānei.
He aha te Anorexia Āhua-kore?
Ki te kī ngāwari, he mate kai te anorexia nervosa. I tēnei wā, ka whakamahia e te tangata ngā tikanga morearea, kore hauora hei whakaiti i tōna taumaha. Kua rongo pea koe i te Anorexia Nervosa. Tērā pea he rite tonu ngā tohu o tēnei mate ki te Anorexia Nervosa. Hei tauira:
- Te whakapōturi o te āhua o te tinana: Ko te tikanga o tēnei ko te whakaaro he momona ake koe i tō āhua tūturu. Ahakoa ka titiro koe ki te whakaata, e kite tonu ana koe i a koe anō he momona.
- Te hekenga taumaha tere, nui: Te hekenga taumaha nui ohorere.
- Ngā huringa ki ngā tikanga kai me te whakakori tinana: Te iti o te kai, te kore e kai i ētahi kai, te whakakori tinana rānei i te mea e tika ana.
Engari ko te rerekētanga nui i konei ko te tangata e pāngia ana e te anorexia nervosa he nui ake te taupū papatipu tinana (`Body Mass Index - BMI`) i te tīmatanga o te mate. Ko te tikanga tēnei kāore i te tino kikokore i te tīmatanga. Nō reira, ahakoa ka ngaro ohorere te taumaha, kāore pea e kitea i waho. Koia te take he uaua ki te kite i tēnei mate, ā, i ētahi wā ka puta he raruraru hauora me te hinengaro kino atu i te `(Anorexia Nervosa)`. Nā te mea kāore i te mārama tonu he raruraru kei reira.
He pēhea te noa o tēnei āhuatanga?
Ina hoki, kei te piki haere te tokomaha o te hunga kua tāpaetia he mate anorexia nervosa. E kiia ana kei waenganui i te 25% me te 40% o te hunga i roto i ngā pokapū maimoatanga mō ngā mate kai e pāngia ana e tēnei mate. I whakaahuatia tuatahitia tēnei mate i roto i te whakarōpūtanga o ngā mate hinengaro, "DSM-V - Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders", i tukuna e te American Psychiatric Association i te tau 2013.
He aha ngā tohu o te anorexia rerekē?
He maha ngā tohu ka kitea pea e koe i tēnei āhuatanga. Tirohia mēnā kei a koe, kei tō hoa rānei tētahi o ēnei:
- Te kai nui: Ko te tikanga tēnei he kai nui i te wā kotahi, me te kore e whakahaere i te nui o te kai .
- Te whakaiti i te nui o te kai e kainga ana e koe, te karo i ngā kai.
- He nui ake taku whakakori tinana i tō mua, he nui atu i taku e taea ai.
- Ka puta ake tētahi mea ki roto i tō hinengaro, ka riri pinepine, ka manukanuka.
- Te ngenge tonu.
- He uaua ki te aro ki tētahi mea.
- Kāore i te harikoa ki tō rātou āhua.
- Te whakamahi i ngā rongoā whakamāmā hei whakaiti i te taumaha.
- Te whakaaro mō te whara i a koe anō.
- Te ruaki (i muri i te kai).
- Te hiahia nui kia kikokore i tētahi ara.
- Te wehi tonu kei piki te taumaha.
Ehara i te mea ka pāngia te katoa e tētahi, e rua rānei o ēnei tohu e tēnei mate. Engari, ki te mea he maha ēnei tohu e pā ana ki a rātou, he pai ake te rapu tohutohu hauora.
He aha te take o tēnei āhuatanga?
Kua whakaatuhia e ngā rangahau he maha ngā āhuatanga ka whai wāhi ki te whanaketanga o te anorexia nervosa. Me titiro tātou ki ēnei āhuatanga:
- Ira: Mena kua pāngia tetahi o tō whānau e ngā mate kai, ka nui ake te tūponotanga ka pāngia koe e te mate.
- Whara: I ētahi wā, i muri i tētahi wheako kino o te ao, ka whakaaro pea koe me whakahaere e koe ō kare ā-roto, pērā i te pouri, te riri, te wehi rānei. Me te mea nei kei te whakaaro koe, 'Koinei anake taku e taea te whakahaere.'
- Ngā awe pāpori me ngā awe ahurea: Ka taea e ngā tikanga pāpori pēnei i te "he ataahua te kikokore" te whakararu i a tātou i ētahi wā. Ko tā tātou e kite nei i runga i te pouaka whakaata me ngā pāpāho pāpori ka whakaaro ai tātou, "E hiahia ana ahau kia pēnei anō hoki."
- Te pēhanga a ngā hoa: Ina koa i a koe e tamariki ana, he uaua ki te rongo i te tawai a ō hoa me ētahi atu mō tō tinana. Ka taea e tēnei pēhanga te ārahi i a koe ki te whakaaro, "Me kikokore ahau i tētahi ara."
- Hauora hinengaro: Ko te hiahia kia tino tika te mahi, me te kore angitu o ngā whanaungatanga ka arahi pea ki te iti o te whakaaro ki a ia anō. I ngā wā penei, ka nui ake te tūponotanga ka whanake ngā tikanga kai kino.
Ko wai kei te mōrearea nui ake?
Ina hoki, ka taea e te tangata katoa te pāngia e te mate kai pēnei i te anorexia nervosa, engari he mea tino noa i roto i ngā taiohi me ngā pakeke taitamariki, inā koa ko ngā kōtiro .
Hei tāpiri, tera pea ka nui ake tō tūponotanga ki te whakawhanake i tēnei mate mena kei a koe ēnei āhuatanga e whai ake nei:
- Mena kua pāngia tetahi o tō whānau e ngā mate kai, e ētahi atu mate hinengaro rānei.
- Mena kua pāngia koe e te whara tinana, hinengaro, ā-ira tangata rānei.
- Mena kei a koe tētahi atu mate hinengaro pēnei i te Manukanuka, te Pouri, te Mate Āwangawanga-Ārai rānei (OCD).
- Mena kei te whai wāhi koe ki ngā hākinakina e hira ana tō taumaha, tō āhua rānei (hei tauira, te whakapakari tinana, te nonoke, te kaukau).
- Mena kua puta he huringa nui ki te ao, pēnei i te haere ki tētahi kura hou, ki tētahi mahi hou, ki te whakarere, ki te neke rānei ki tētahi atu rohe.
- Ki te mea he "tangata hiahia kia tino tika" koe, e kaha ana ki te mahi i ngā mea katoa kia tino tika.
He aha ngā raruraru o tēnei mate? He mea morearea?
Āe, ehara te anorexia nervosa i te katakata. Ka pā kino pea ki ngā wāhanga maha o tō tinana. Whakaarohia ēnei mea:
- Te Tauritekore o te Irahiko: Ina iti rawa ngā taumata o ngā kohuke nui (pērā i te konupūmā me te pāhare pāporo) i roto i te tinana, ka pā te mamae o ngā uaua me ngā raruraru o te mahi a te ngākau.
- Ngā whatukuhu: Ina heke ohorere tō taumaha, tērā pea kāore e taea e ō whatukuhu te mahi tika i tā rātou mahi tātari para.
- Manawa: Ki te kai iti rawa, ka puhoi te tere o te manawa (Bradycardia) me te toto toto iti (Hypotension). He tino morearea tēnei.
- Roro: Ina kore te tinana e whiwhi i te kai tika e hiahiatia ana, ka puta pea ngā āhuatanga pēnei i te haurangi.
- Puku: Tērā pea ka pā te whakapairuaki, te pupuhi, te mate kōroke, me te ruaki.
- Pūnaha endocrine: Ka pā te whakahekenga taumaha ohorere, tere hoki ki ngā homoni, ka heke ai ngā taumata testosterone, estrogen rānei. Mēnā ka heke ngā taumata estrogen, ka mutu pea te paheketanga o ngā wāhine.
- Toto: Ki te kore koe e kai tika, ka pāngia koe e te anemia, ā, ka ngenge tonu koe.
- Ngā wheua: Ka heke te mātotoru o te wheua, ka ngoikore, ka ngawari hoki te whati.
- Makawe: Tērā pea ka tīmata te angiangi o ō makawe, ka marere. Tērā pea ka puta he huruhuru angiangi o te tinana (`lanugo`).
Tirohia te nui o ngā raruraru ka puta ake ina whakaaro koe, "He aha te mea e tupu ana ki te whakaiti i te taumaha?"!
Me pēhea te mohio ki te anorexia rerekē?
Ka tātaritatia tēnei mate e ngā tākuta i runga i ētahi mea:
- Te mahi whakamātautau tinana.
- Te pātai marie mō ō tohumate.
- Akohia ō tikanga kai me ō tikanga whakakori tinana.
Hei tāpiritanga, ka taea te whakahaere i ētahi whakamātautau hei tirotiro mēnā he mate hauora kē atu ēnei tohu. Hei tauira:
- Tatau Toto Katoa (CBC)
- Papa toto irahiko
- Whakamātautau toto albumin
- He tūtohi manawataki o te ngākau (`Electrocardiogram - EKG`)
- Te tātaritanga mimi
- Whakamātautau kiato wheua – tirohia te Osteoporosis
- Ngā whakamātautau mahi a te whatukuhu, te ate, me te tairoi
- Taumata huaora D
- He whakamātautau hapūtanga mō ngā wāhine e taea ana te whānau tamariki
- Ngā whakamātautau homoni
Kia whakakorea e koe tētahi atu mate tinana e puta ai ō tohu, ka taea e tō tākuta te whakamahi i te Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-V) hei whakatau mēnā he mate kai tōu, pērā i te anorexia nervosa.
Ko ngā āhuatanga matua hei whakaaroaro māu i te wā e tautuhi ana i tēnei āhuatanga ko:
- He iti iho te kai i tōu tikanga.
- Te wehi kei piki ake te taumaha.
- Te kore e taea te kite i tō tinana i tōna āhua tūturu. Hei tauira, kāore pea koe e kite i te rahi tūturu o tō tinana, kāore rānei koe e mōhio he kikokore koe i tō whakaaro. Tērā pea koe e whakaaro ana ko tō āhua te mea nui rawa atu mōu, ā, kāore pea koe e aro ki ngā tūponotanga o te kai iti.
Me pēhea te rongoā mō tēnei?
He mahi tahi tēnei mā te rōpū hei rongoā i te anorexia nervosa. Ka mahi tahi tō tākuta, he tohunga kai, me te kaiwhakaora hinengaro e tohunga ana ki ngā mate kai, hei āwhina i a koe me tō whānau kia mārama me te whakahaere i te tukanga whakaora.
I runga i tō hauora me tō āhua hinengaro o nāianei, me kawe pea koe ki te hōhipera mō te maimoatanga. Tērā pea ka uru atu ki tēnei he huinga o ngā tikanga maimoatanga maha:
- Hinengaro Whakaora: Ka taea e tēnei te āwhina i a koe ki te whakarerekē i tō whakaaro mō te kai me tō taumaha. Ka taea hoki e ia te āwhina i a koe ki te whakarerekē i tō urupare ki ngā āhuatanga uaua. He maimoatanga kei reira ka taea te mahi takitahi, i roto i ngā rōpū, i te taha rānei o ngā mema o te whānau. He tino whai hua te momo whakaora e kiia nei ko te Whakaora Whanoke Hinengaro (CBT) mō te hunga whai mate kai. Ka āwhina i a koe ki te mārama me te whakarerekē i ngā tauira whakaaro e awe ana i ō whanonga me ō kare ā-roto.
- Rongoā: He maha ngā wā ka pāngia te hunga whai mate kai e ētahi atu āhuatanga hauora hinengaro (pēnei i te pouri me te manukanuka), nō reira ka tohua pea e ngā tākuta he rongoā hei rongoā i aua āhuatanga. Kei roto pea i tēnei ko ngā rongoā ārai pouri, ngā rongoā anxiolytic rānei.
- Tohutohu kai: Ka taea e te tohunga kai kua rēhitatia, te tohunga kai rānei kua rēhitatia, kua whakangungua ki te rongoā i ngā mate kai, te āwhina i a koe ki te whakapai ake i ō tikanga kai. Ka taea hoki e rātou te tuku tohutohu ki a koe mō te hokohoko, te whakarite kai, me te tunu kai.
Kia pēhea te roa o te wā e ora ai i tēnei?
He rerekē te roa o te wā e ora ai i te anorexia nervosa i ia tangata, i ia tangata. Ko te manawanui me te mahi tahi ki tāu mahere maimoatanga te huarahi pai ki te ora.
Ko ngā whāinga matua o te maimoatanga ko:
- Kia pai ai tō hauora, kia ngaro atu hoki ngā raruraru.
- Te hoki anō ki te tikanga o te kai i ngā kai totika e hiahiatia ana e koe, i ngā wā katoa e hiahiatia ana e koe.
- Te whakarerekē i tō whakaaro, i ō kare ā-roto, inā koa tō waiaro ki tō taumaha.
He aha te tirohanga mō te tangata e pāngia ana e te anorexia rerekē?
Ko te tūponotanga o te ora angitu mai i te anorexia nervosa e whakawhirinaki ana ki ēnei āhuatanga:
- Kia pēhea te roa o tō pāngia e tēnei āhuatanga?
- Aue te kino o tō āhua.
- Te momo maimoatanga e whakawhiwhia ana ki a koe me te pai o tō piri ki taua maimoatanga.
Pērā i ētahi atu mate kai, ka kino haere te anorexia nervosa mēnā kāore e rongoatia. Mēnā ka kitea wawetia te mate, ka rongoatia hoki, ka nui ake te tūponotanga ka ora. Mēnā kāore e rongoatia, ka tūpono pea te ora.
Waimarie, ka taea te whakaora i te anorexia nervosa. Ka taea e koe te hoki ki ngā tikanga kai hauora. Heoi, he nui te tūponotanga o te hokinga mai o te mate. Nō reira, me whai maimoatanga roa hei whakaora. He mea tino nui kia haere tonu te mahi i runga i tō mahere maimoatanga. Waihoki, he mea nui te tautoko a tō whānau me ō hoa i tēnei haerenga.
Me pēhea taku tiaki i ahau anō?
Ahakoa te whakamataku me te kore whakamarie o tēnei, he mea nui kia kōrero koe ki ō whanaunga me tō tākuta kei a koe te anorexia nervosa. Me mōhio te hunga e tata ana ki a koe ki ō wheako kia taea ai e rātou te āwhina me te tautoko i a koe.
Mena ka tātaritatia koe e te tākuta he mate anorexia nervosa, anei ētahi mea ka taea e koe te mahi hei āwhina i tō haerenga whakaora:
- Kia nui te moe.
- Me noho tawhiti atu i te waipiro, i ngā raau taero rānei.
- Ki te tango koe i te rongoā, me tango i te wā tika, ā, kaua e mahue i tetahi rā.
- Mena kei te whai wāhi koe ki te kōrero whakaora hinengaro, kia tūtaki koe ki te kaiwhakaora hinengaro i ngā rā kua whakaritea.
- Tonoa te tautoko a te whānau me ngā hoa.
- Whakaarohia te whakauru atu ki tētahi rōpū tautoko mō te hunga e pāngia ana e ngā mate kai.
- Tirohia te tākuta i ngā rā kua whakaritea.
Ki te kore koe e kikokore, he aha i nui ai ngā raruraru hauora?
Tērā pea ētahi e whakaaro ana, "Kāore au i te tino kikokore, nō reira he aha te maha o ngā raruraru hauora kei a au?" Ka tere te heke o te taumaha o te hunga e pāngia ana e te anorexia nervosa, ahakoa ehara i te mea he kikokore. Ka pā mai pea he raruraru hauora nui. Kāore hoki pea rātou e whiwhi i te nui o ngā matūkai me ngā huaora (hei tauira, ngā witi katoa, ngā hua, ngā huawhenua, me ngā hua miraka iti-ngako), ka pā kino pea ki tō rātou hauora.
Tērā pea kei te whakaaro koe, "He nui rawa te mate o tōku tinana hei tono āwhina?" Kua hemo rānei koe i te mahi, i te kura rānei, ā, kāore e taea e koe te mōhio he aha te mea hei kōrero atu ki ngā tākuta. Heoi anō, kāore pea koe e mōhio kei te mate koe kia tino uaua rawa te rongoā i tō mate. Ahakoa pēhea, he mea nui kia kite wawe koe i te tākuta.
Hei whakamutunga, ngā mea hei maumahara (Karere hei tango ki te kāinga)
Hei whakatutuki i te whakaoranga mō te wā roa, me mahi tahi koe, tō hoa aroha rānei, i roto i tō mahere maimoatanga. Kaua e wehi, kaua hoki e whakama ki te tono āwhina mai i te whānau me ngā hoa. Ka taea hoki e te whakauru atu ki tētahi rōpū tautoko mō te hunga whai mate kai te āwhina.
Kaua e whakahe i a koe anō mō te kore hiahia ki te kai. He nui ake te kitea o ngā mate kai i tō whakaaro. Mā te kōrero whānui mō tēnei ka āwhina i a koe kia kaua e noho mokemoke.
Mā te maimoatanga me te tautoko tika, ka taea te ora mō te wā roa. Mena he pātai anō āu mō tēnei, kaua e wehi ki te kōrero ki te tākuta. Kāore koe i te mokemoke.
` anorexia rerekē, mate kai, whakaheke taumaha, āhua tinana, hauora hinengaro, kai totika, anorexia nervosa
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