Kua whakaaro koe kei te whakahoutia tonutia te toto i roto i tō tātou tinana? He wheketere whakamiharo tō tātou tinana. Ko te mahi nui rawa atu e mahia ana i roto i tēnei wheketere i te rā katoa ko te hanga i ngā toto whero, arā, ko ngā toto whero i roto i te toto. Mena kei te ngenge tonu koe, kei te kore ora, tera pea ko te korenga o te hanga toto whero. Nō reira, i tēnei rā ka kōrero tātou mō tēnei tukanga whakamiharo, arā, ko te 'erythropoiesis'.
He aha te erythropoiesis?
Ko te erythropoiesis te tukanga e whakaputa ai te tinana i ngā toto whero, arā, ngā erythrocytes i roto i ngā kupu hauora. He rite tēnei ki te tunu kai hou a tō tātou whaea ina pau te kai. Ka mate ngā toto whero tawhito i roto i te tinana i muri i tētahi wā. Nō reira, ko tēnei tukanga te mea e hanga ana i ngā toto whero hou.
Mā tēnei ka mau tonu te maha o ngā pūtau toto whero i roto i te tinana ki te taumata tika, ā, kāore e piki rawa, e heke rawa rānei.
Nā te aha rā te hiranga o ngā toto whero ki a tātou?
Whakaarohia he ratonga tuku taonga e tuku ana i ngā taonga puta noa i tō tinana. Koinā tonu te mahi a ngā pūtau toto whero.
- Te Tukunga Hāora: Ina manawa tātou, ka haria te hāora e tomo ana ki roto i ō tātou pukahukahu ki ngā pūtau me ngā kiko katoa o te tinana e ēnei toto toto whero. Mai i te roro ki ngā matimati, me whiwhi hāora ngā mea katoa kia ora ai.
- Te tango i te hauhā waro: Waihoki, ka kohia te hauhā waro, he para e tukuna ana mai i ō tātou pūtau, ka whakahokia ki ngā pukahukahu kia taea ai e tātou te tango mai i te tinana ina puta te manawa.
Ki te kī ngāwari, kāore e taea e ō tātou tinana te ora, ki te kore he toto whero.
Ko te erythropoiesis tētahi wāhanga noa iho o te tukanga whānui o te hanganga toto i roto i tō tātou tinana, e kiia nei ko te 'hematopoiesis'. Ka puta mai i tēnei tukanga whānui ngā momo pūtau toto e toru: ngā pūtau toto whero, ngā pūtau toto mā, me ngā pereti toto.
Kei hea tēnei tukanga e puta ai i roto i te tinana?
Ka rerekē te wāhi e hangaia ai ēnei pūtau toto whero i roto i te wā.
I te wā e noho ana te pēpi i roto i te kōpū (Te Erythropoiesis Fetal)
Ka tīmata te hanga toto i roto i ō tātou tinana i mua i tō tātou whānautanga.
- I te 3 wiki: Ka tīmata te hanga toto i roto i te hanganga e kiia nei ko te 'yellow sac', e whakarato ana i te kai tuatahi ki te kukune.
- I te 2-3 marama: Ka puta te hanganga toto i roto i te ate me te whēkau o te pēpi.
- I muri i te 5 marama: Ka tīmata te toto ki te hanga i roto i te hinu wheua o te pēpi.
Tamariki me ngā pakeke
I muri i tō tātou whānautanga, ka noho tō tātou hinu wheua hei wheketere matua mō te hanga i ngā toto whero. Koinei te wāhanga ngohengohe, rite ki te hautai i roto i ō tātou wheua.
- I te wā tamarikitanga: Ka hangaia te toto mai i te hinu wheua o te nuinga o ngā wheua nunui o te tinana.
- I te pakeketanga: Ko te nuinga o te toto ka hangaia i roto i te hinu wheua o ētahi wheua motuhake , pērā i ngā wheua hope, ngā tuaiwi o te tuaiwi, ngā rara, me te wheua papatahi i waenganui o te uma (te wheua uma).
Te haerenga a te toto whero
Kāore tēnei e puta i te pō kotahi. Me haere te toto whero kotahi i roto i ētahi wāhanga kia tino pakari ai, arā, kia mahi pai ai. E tata ana ki te wiki te roa o te haerenga katoa.
Ka tīmata katoa tēnei me tētahi pūtau motuhake e kiia nei ko te 'Hematopoietic Stem Cell' (HSC). He rite tēnei ki tētahi kākano. Ka taea e tēnei kākano te whanake hei mea katoa mai i ngā toto whero, ngā toto mā, me ngā pereti toto. Hei huri hei toto whero, ka haere tēnei pūtau take i roto i ētahi wāhanga.
Mā te ripanga i raro nei koe e āwhina ki te mārama ake i tēnei haerenga.
| Atamira | He whakamārama māmā |
|---|---|
| Pūtau Take (Pūtau Take Hematopoieti - HSC) | Koinei te pūtake o ia pūtau toto, pērā i te kākano e tupu mai ai te tipu. |
| Proeritoroblast | Ko te taahiraa tuatahi tēnei i roto i te haerenga ki te huri hei toto whero. |
| Eritropūta | Ka mimiti haere te pūtau, ka tīmata ki te whakaputa i te hemoglobin, te pūmua e kawe ana i te hāora. |
| Normoblast | I tēnei wāhanga, ka tangohia te karihi o te pūtau, kia nui ake ai te hemoglobin e whakakīia ai te pūtau. |
| Reticulocyte | He toto whero kāore anō kia pakari ēnei. Koinei te wā ka tukuna ai rātou mai i te hinu wheua ki roto i te toto. |
| Ngā toto whero | He toto toto whero kua tino pakari, kua rite ki te kawe i te hāora. |
Ko te roanga o te ora o te toto whero e hangaia ana i tēnei ara he tata ki te 120 ngā rā . Pērā i te pākahiko, ka mate ēnei pūtau i muri i te 120 ngā rā o te whakamahinga. Koia te take me hanga tonu e ō tātou tinana he toto whero hou.
Me pēhea te mōhio o te tinana ki te hanga toto?
He pūnaha whakahaere tino whakamiharo tēnei. Mā tō tātou tinana e whakahaere te hanga o ngā toto whero i runga i te taumata o te hāora i roto i te tinana.
Whakaarohia kei te haere koe ki tētahi wāhi maunga teitei pērā i a Nuwara Eliya. I a koe e piki ana, ka ahua uaua ki te manawa, tika? Nā te iti o te kukū hāora i te rangi. Kātahi ka kore e ranea te nui o te hāora e tae atu ana ki ngā kiko o tō tātou tinana. Ka kiia tēnei āhuatanga he hypoxia .
Koinei te wā e whakahohehia ai ō tātou whatukuhu .
Ko ngā whatukuhu ngā mea e aroturuki tonu ana i ngā taumata hāora i roto i ō tātou toto. Ina kite rātou he iti te taumata hāora, ka tukuna e ngā whatukuhu he homoni motuhake (he karere matū) e kiia nei ko te Erythropoietin (EPO) ki roto i te toto.
Anei te mahi a tēnei tukanga:
1. Kāore ō kiko e whiwhi ana i te nui o te hāora.
2. Hei whakautu i taua 'tohu', ka tukuna e ngā whatukuhu te nui ake o te homoni `(EPO)`.
3. Ka haere tēnei homoni (EPO) i roto i te toto, ka "kōrero" ki te hinu wheua, me te kī atu kia "whakaputa tere i ētahi atu pūtau toto whero!"
4. Ka whakateretere i te hanga o ngā toto whero i roto i te hinu wheua.
5. Ka whakahokia te taumata hāora i roto i te toto e ngā toto toto whero hou kua hangaia kia noho noa.
6. Kia hoki anō ngā taumata hāora ki te āhua noa, ka whakaitihia e ngā whatukuhu te tukunga o te EPO.
He tino pai ō tātou tinana ki te pupuri i te taurite o ngā mea katoa (homeostasis) i tēnei ara. Ka pupuri i te taumata tika, kāore e tukua kia tino tiketike, kia tino iti rānei.
He aha te mea ka tupu mēnā ka hē tēnei tukanga?
I ētahi wā ka hē te tukanga hanga toto whero. Kātahi ka puta ake ngā raruraru matua e rua. He iti rawa ngā toto whero e puta ana, he nui rawa rānei.
| Āhua | Te tikanga noa iho | Aratau/āhuatanga kua pāngia |
|---|---|---|
| Te mate toto iti | Te iti o te maha o ngā toto whero (anemia). | Ka ngaro i te tinana te nui o ngā toto whero hei kawe i te hāora. Ka puta pea ngā tohu pēnei i te ngenge pinepine, te ngoikore, te mā, te poto o te manawa, me te mātao rerekē . |
| Eritrositī | Te pikinga o te maha o ngā toto whero (te matotoru o te toto). | I te matotoru haere o te toto, ka āraia pea te rere o te toto. Tērā pea ka puta ngā tohu pēnei i te ānini, te ngenge, me te whanoke . I ētahi wā, ka tūpono pea te puta o ngā toto totoka kino . |
Mena kei a koe ēnei tohu, he mea tino nui kia kite koe i te tākuta me te rapu tohutohu, me te kore e whakatau i a koe anō.
Ngā mea ka pā ki te hanga o ngā pūtau toto whero
Ka pāngia pea tēnei tukanga e ngā momo mate me ētahi atu āhuatanga.
Ngā mate e pā ana ki te pūkahukahu
Ina pāngia koe e ngā mate manawa roa pēnei i te mate huango me te COPD, ka heke te nui o te hāora e whiwhi ana tō tinana. Ka ngana te tinana ki te hanga i ētahi atu pūtau toto whero hei whakakapi.
Ngā mate pukupuku toto me te wheua
I roto i ngā āhuatanga matepukupuku pērā i te leukemia me te lymphoma, ka whakararuraruhia te mahi noa o te hinu wheua. Nō reira, ka heke pea te hanga o ngā pūtau toto whero, ka puta rānei ngā pūtau rerekē.
Ētahi atu take
- Ngā ngoikoretanga o te kai: Hei hanga toto pai, me whai kai pai koe. He matūkai nui te rino, te huaora B12, me te folate . Ki te kore e nui te rino i roto i tō kai, kāore e taea e tō tinana te hanga tika i ngā toto whero, ka puta te anemia.
- Mate whatukuhu:Nā te mea ka hangaia te homoni `(EPO)` e ngā whatukuhu, ki te pakaru ngā whatukuhu, ka heke pea te hanga o te `(EPO)`, ā, ka ngoikore pea te hanganga o ngā toto whero.
Karere Tangohia ki te Kāinga
- He mea whakamiharo te tukanga hanga toto whero, erythropoiesis rānei, e tupu tonu ana i roto i ō tātou tinana.
- Ko te homoni e kiia nei ko EPO te mea nui e whakahaeretia ana mō tēnei tukanga, e tukuna ana e ngā whatukuhu.
- Mena kei te pā tonu ngā tohu pēnei i te ngenge, te kiri mā, me te poto o te manawa, he tohu pea tēnei nō te anemia . Mēnā he pēnei te āhua, me toro atu ki tō tākuta mō ētahi tohutohu.
- He mea tino nui te kai i ngā kai taurite e nui ana te rino (mīti, ika, pīni, pīnihi), te huaora B12 (miraka, hua manu), me te folate (huawhenua matomato, pīni) hei pupuri i ngā taumata toto whero hauora.
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