Te mate pukupuku kanohi? Ae, he tino mea pērā - me kōrero tātou mō te mate pukupuku kanohi!

Kua whakaaro koe mēnā ka taea te whakawhanake i te mate pukupuku kanohi? Kāore pea koe i rongo mō tēnei. Engari, ka taea e te mate pukupuku te whakawhanake i roto i ō tātou kanohi me ngā wāhi e karapoti ana i a rātou. Ahakoa he ahua whakamataku tēnei, he mea nui kia mōhio koe ki tēnei. Nā te mea, ki te kitea wawe, ka māmā ake te rongoā. Nō reira, i tēnei rā ka kōrero tātou mō te mate pukupuku kanohi i roto i tētahi huarahi māmā e mārama ai koe.

He aha rawa te mate pukupuku kanohi?

Ki te kī māmā noa, ko te mate pukupuku kanohi ko te wā e wehewehe tere ana ngā pūtau o roto i ō tātou kanohi, ā, ka hanga he pukupuku i te wāhi kotahi. Inaianei e rua ngā momo o ēnei pukupuku. Ko ētahi he pukupuku pai noa iho , arā, ehara i te pukupuku, ā, kāore e horapa ki ētahi atu wāhanga o te tinana. Heoi, ko tētahi atu momo he pukupuku kino . He iti ake te morearea o ēnā nā te mea ka taea e rātou te tipu me te horapa ki ētahi atu wāhanga o te tinana.

Ko te mea nui, ki te kitea wawetia ēnei mate pukupuku kanohi, ā, ka rongoatia, ka taea te aukati i te horapa o te mate pukupuku.

He aha ngā momo mate pukupuku kanohi kei reira?

Ka whakarōpūhia e ngā tākuta ngā mate pukupuku kanohi i runga i te wāhi e tīmata ai te mate pukupuku—ahakoa kei roto i te kanohi, kei waho rānei i te kanohi, kei roto rānei i ngā wāhi e karapoti ana i te kanohi—me te momo pūtau e tīmata ai te mate pukupuku. Me titiro tātou ki ngā momo matua.

1. Ngā Melanoma o roto o te Kanohi

Koinei te momo mate pukupuku kanohi tino noa. Kua rongo pea koe i te kupu "Melanoma" ina kōrero ana mō te mate pukupuku kiri. Ko te "Melanoma" ka hangaia mai i ngā pūtau e kiia nei ko ngā "Melanocytes". Ko tēnei "Intraocular Melanoma" he mate pukupuku e whanake ana i roto i te kanohi mai i aua pūtau "Melanocytes". I te nuinga o te wā, ka whanake ēnei i te wāhanga waenga o te kanohi, arā, i te paparanga e kiia nei ko te uvea . Nō reira, ka kiia hoki ēnei ko ngā uveal melanomas . He maha ngā momo matua i raro i tēnei:

• Te Melanoma o te Iris: Ka puta tēnei i te wāhanga o te kanohi e hoatu ana i te tae ki te iris . Tērā pea he rite ki tētahi ira pango hou e tipu haere ana i te wāhanga tae o tō kanohi. He puhoi te tipu o ēnei i te nuinga o te wā.
• Te Melanoma Tinana Ciliary: Ka puta tēnei i roto i te tinana ciliary , he wāhanga o te kanohi e whakahaere ana i te karāhe o ō tātou kanohi ina titiro tātou ki ngā mea e tata ana ki a tātou me ngā mea e tawhiti ana. Kei muri i te iris tēnei.
• Te Melanoma o te Kōroida: Ka puta tēnei i roto i te kōroida, te paparanga e tuku toto ana ki te retina me te taha mua o te kanohi kei muri o te kanohi. Kei roto i te kōroida te nuinga o ngā melanoma kanohi ka puta.

I ētahi wā ka puta te melanoma i roto i te kiriuhi angiangi e kapi ana i te mua o te karu kanohi, arā, te conjunctiva . Ka kiia tēnei ko te conjunctival melanoma.He tino onge ēnei, ā, pērā i te uveal melanoma, ka taea e rātou te horapa me te kaha ake te whakaeke.

2. Te Matepukupuku o te Karu me te Orbital

Ka puta ēnei mate pukupuku i roto i ngā kiko e tata ana ki te karu kanohi. Ka puta ngā mate pukupuku orbital i roto i te kōhao kanohi, te wāhi kei reira ngā uaua me ngā io e neke ana i te karu kanohi. Ka puta ngā mate pukupuku adnexal i roto i ngā kiko e tautoko ana i te kanohi, pērā i ngā kamo me ngā repe roimata. Ka whakarōpūtia ēnei i runga i te momo pūtau e puta mai ai te mate pukupuku. Ko ngā momo tino noa ko:

• Matepukupuku Pūtau Squamous: Ka whanake mai i ngā pūtau squamous i te mata o te kiri.
• Te Matepukupuku Pūtau Turanga: Ka whanake mai i ngā pūtau turanga kei te tihi o te kiri.
• Rhabdomyosarcoma: Ka puta i roto i te kiko uaua.

3. Retinoblastoma

He mate pukupuku tēnei e tīmata ana i te retina i muri o te kanohi. Ko te nuinga o te wā ka kitea i roto i ngā tamariki kei raro iho i te rima tau te pakeke.

4. Lymphoma I roto i te Kanohi

He momo tino onge tēnei o te lymphoma pūtau-B . Ka whanake i roto i ngā toto toto mā e kiia nei ko ngā lymphocytes . He mea tino noa i roto i te hunga neke atu i te 50 tau te pakeke, me te hunga he ngoikore te pūnaha ārai mate. He maha ngā tāngata e pāngia ana e tēnei momo mate pukupuku kanohi, he mate anō hoki e kiia nei ko te Primary Central Nervous System Lymphoma (PCNSL) . He mate pukupuku tēnei e pā ana ki ngā wāhanga rerekē o te pūnaha io matua, pērā i te roro me te taurakira.

He pēhea te noa o tēnei mate pukupuku kanohi? He aha te momo e tino noa ana?

He tino onge te mate pukupuku kanohi. Hei tauira, i te Hononga o Amerika, tata ki te 3,400 noa iho ngā mate e pūrongohia ana i ia tau. Heoi, he nui ake te horapa o te mate pukupuku ki te kanohi ina tīmata i tētahi atu wāhi o te tinana. Heoi, nā te mea ehara ēnei i te mate pukupuku e tīmata ana i te kanohi, kāore ngā tākuta e whakarōpū ana i a rātou hei mate pukupuku kanohi.

Ko te momo mate pukupuku kanohi tino noa ko te intraocular melanoma , e tupu pinepine ana i roto i te choroid, he hanganga i waenganui o te kanohi.

He aha ngā tohu o te mate pukupuku kanohi?

I te nuinga o te wā, kāore pea he tohu e puta mai i te pukupuku tae noa ki te tīmatanga o te whakararuraru i te mahi a te kanohi. Heoi, kaua e whakaaro he mate pukupuku kanohi tōu nā te mea kei a koe ngā tohu kua whakarārangihia i raro nei. He maha ngā mate kanohi ehara i te mate pukupuku ka puta mai i ēnei tohu. Nō reira, me toro atu koe ki te tākuta kia tino mōhio ai koe.

Ko te tohu tino kitea o te mate pukupuku kanohi ko te ngaronga o te tirohanga, kāore he mamae . Hei tāpiri, ko ēnei raruraru tirohanga he tohu anō hoki o te mate pukupuku kanohi:

• Te tirohanga pōuri.
• Te ngaronga o te tirohanga - te ngaronga wāhanga, te ngaronga katoa rānei.
• Te kite i ngā uira mārama, i ngā rārangi pīrorirori, i ngā ira rānei (ngā mea e mānu ana).

Ētahi atu āhuatanga:

• He kanohi pupuhi.
• Te whero me te mākūkū tonu o ngā kanohi (te riri o ngā kanohi kāore e pai ake).
• He ira pango kei roto i tō karu ka nui haere.
• He puku e tipu haere ana i runga i tō kamo, i roto rānei i tō karu.
• Ngā panonitanga ki te tūnga o tō karu i roto i te pūwero me tōna nekehanga.

He aha pea ngā tohu tuatahi?

He tokomaha te hunga ka kitea he mate pukupuku kanohi rātou ina haere rātou ki te tirotiro kanohi, ina kite te tākuta kanohi i tētahi mea rerekē i a rātou e tirotiro ana i ō rātou kanohi. Hei tauira, ki te kite koe i ngā oko toto kua nui haere i roto i te kanohi, ki te kite rānei koe i tētahi ira pango, he tohu pea tēnei o te mate pukupuku kanohi, o tētahi atu mate kanohi rānei. Hei tino mōhio, me nui ake ngā whakamātautau.

He aha i puta ai tēnei mate pukupuku kanohi?

Pērā i ētahi atu mate pukupuku, ka puta te mate pukupuku kanohi ina wehea, ka whakanuia hoki ngā pūtau, ā, ka mutu, ka puta he pukupuku . Ka taea e ēnei pukupuku te pakaru, ka horapa ki ngā pona lymph me te toto. Kātahi ka taea e ngā pūtau pukupuku te haere mā roto i te toto me te pūnaha lymphatic ki ētahi atu wāhanga o te tinana, ka puta he pukupuku hou. Ina tupu tēnei, ka kī ngā tākuta kua "horapa" te mate pukupuku, kua horapa rānei . Ko te tikanga kua kino haere te mate.

Kei te rangahau tonu ngā kaipūtaiao me pēhea te huri o ngā pūtau noa, hauora hoki hei pūtau matepukupuku.

Ko wai kei te nui ake te mōrearea ki te pāngia e te mate pukupuku kanohi?

Kua kitea e ngā kairangahau ētahi āhuatanga e whakanui ake ana i te tūponotanga o te mate pukupuku kanohi:

• Tau: Ko te nuinga o ngā mate pukupuku kanohi ka kitea i roto i te hunga neke atu i te 50 tau te pakeke. Heoi, he rerekē te momo e kiia nei ko te "Retinoblastoma" e puta ana i roto i ngā tamariki kei raro iho i te 5 tau te pakeke.
• Tae kiri: Mena he mā koe, ā, he kiri mā, he nui ake te tūponotanga ka pāngia koe e te mate pukupuku kanohi.
• Tae kanohi: Ko te hunga he kanohi mārama, pērā i te kikorangi me te kakariki, ka nui ake te tūponotanga ka pāngia e te katarata i te hunga he kanohi pouri, pērā i te parauri.
• Ngā āhuatanga tuku iho: Ko te hunga e pāngia ana e te dysplastic nevus syndrome , he āhuatanga tuku iho e puta ai ngā mole rerekē i te tinana, ka nui ake te mōrearea ki te whakawhanake i ētahi mate pukupuku kanohi.Ka taea hoki e te āhuatanga e kīia nei ko te BAP1 tumor predisposition syndrome te whakanui ake i te mōrearea o te whakawhanake i ētahi mate pukupuku, tae atu ki te uveal melanoma.
• Te werawera i te rā me te whakamākūkū kiri: He taunakitanga kei te kitea ko te werawera i ngā hihi UV mai i te rā, i ngā moenga whakamākūkū kiri rānei, ka piki ake te mōrearea o te whakawhanake i te melanoma intraocular. Me nui ake ngā rangahau hei mōhio mārika.

Me pēhea te tautuhi i te mate pukupuku kanohi?

Ka tātaritatia te mate pukupuku kanohi e te tākuta kanohi , e te tākuta mate pukupuku kanohi rānei. I mua i te whakatau mēnā he mate pukupuku, ka whakahaerehia ngā whakamātautau maha hei whakarite kia kore he mate kanohi noa.

1. Whakamātautau Kanohi

I tēnei, ka āta tirohia tō kanohi e te tākuta, ka tirohia hoki mēnā he tohu o te mate pukupuku. Ka rapua e rātou ngā mea pēnei i ngā ira pango me ngā uaua toto kua nui haere. Ka tirohia mēnā kei te neke tika te karu o te kanohi. Ka whakamahia e rātou he taputapu motuhake hei kite mārama i ngā hanganga o roto i te kanohi.

• Ophthalmoscope: He taputapu ringaringa tēnei, he rama me ētahi karāhe. Ka taea te whakamahi hei tiro i ngā hanganga kei muri o te karu kanohi, pērā i te retina.
• Rama Āputa: He taputapu tēpu tēnei, he rama, he pūnaha arotahi motuhake anō hoki tōna, he rite ki te karu hiko. Mā tēnei ka taea e koe te kite mārama i te taha mua me te taha muri o tō karu.

2. Ngā whakamātautau whakaahua

I te nuinga o te wā, ko ngā mōhiohio i whiwhi mai i te whakamātautau kanohi me ēnei whakamātautau whakaahua he rawaka hei tautuhi i te mate pukupuku kanohi. Ko ngā whakamātautau whakaahua e tino kitea ana ko:

• Ultrasound: Ka whakamahia ngā ngaru oro hei tango pikitia o roto o te karu. Ka taea e te ultrasound te whakaatu i te rahi o te pukupuku me tōna wāhi. He tino whai hua tēnei mō te kite i te melanoma intraocular.
• Angiography Fluorescein: I tēnei mahi, ka werohia e te tākuta he tae motuhake ki roto i ō oko toto. Mā te tae ka kitea mārama ngā oko toto i te wā e whakaahuahia ana. Kia tae te tae ki ngā oko toto i roto i te kanohi, ka whakamahia he kāmera motuhake hei mātakitaki i te rere o te toto i roto i te kanohi.

Mena kei te whakapaetia kua horapa te mate pukupuku, ka mahia pea ētahi atu whakamātautau whakaahua. Ko ngā whakamātautau e mahia ana hei tirotiro mena kua horapa te mate pukupuku ki tua atu i te kanohi ko:

• Ultrasound
• X-ray o te uma
• Matawai CT
• MRI
• Matawai PET

3. Ko te koiora

Te koioraI te wā o te koiora, ka tangohia e te tākuta tētahi wahi iti o te kiko mai i te puku ka tirohia mēnā he pūtau matepukupuku. Ahakoa ka taea te kite i te nuinga o ngā matepukupuku kanohi mā te whakamātautau kanohi me te whakaahua, ka taea e te koiora te whakarato i ngā mōhiohio e pā ana ki ngā huringa ira i roto i ngā pūtau matepukupuku, pērā i ngā whakarerekētanga ira. Ka taea te whakamahi i ēnei mōhiohio hei whakatau i ngā mea pēnei i te kaha o te matepukupuku me te mea he pai koe mō ētahi maimoatanga.

• Biopsy Momi Ngira Pai: Ka whakamahia he ngira tino angiangi hei tango i tētahi wai iti i roto i te kanohi hei tirotiro mō ngā pūtau matepukupuku.
• Biopsy Tapahi: Ka tangohia tetahi wāhanga o te puku, ka tirotirohia.
• Biopsy Excisional: Ka tangohia te pukupuku katoa, ka tirotirohia.

Me pēhea te whakatau i te taumata o te mate pukupuku?

Mā te tātaritanga ka taea te whakatau i te kaha o te mate pukupuku me tōna taumata. Ka whakamahia ēnei mōhiohio hei whakamahere maimoatanga, hei whakaatu hoki i te āhua o te mate. E rua ngā pūnaha tātaritanga e whakamahia whānuitia ana mō te mate pukupuku kanohi:

1. Pūnaha whakatauranga TNM a te Komiti Hononga o Amerika mō te Mate Pukupuku (AJCC)

Ka whakatauhia e ngā tākuta te taumata o te mate pukupuku mā te titiro ki ētahi āhuatanga:

• T (Puku): Te rahi o te puku me te mea kua horapa ki ētahi atu wāhanga o te kanohi.
• N (Ngā Pūngao): Mēnā kua horapa te pukupuku ki ngā pūngao lymph i te taringa me te kaki.
• M (Metastasis): Mena kua horapa te mate pukupuku ki ētahi atu whekau (te ate i te nuinga o te wā).

Mā te whakakotahi i ēnei āhuatanga katoa, ka tohua he wāhanga o te mate pukupuku kanohi mai i te I (kāore i te tino kino) ki te IV (tino kino).

2. Pūnaha whakatauranga o te Rangahau Melanoma Kanohi Mahi Tahi (COMS)

Ko tētahi atu tikanga e whakamahia whānuitia ana ko te whakatau i te wāhanga i runga i te rahi o te puku. He maha ngā wā ka whakamahia te rahi hei whakatau i te maimoatanga tino tika. Ka tangohia te ine i roto i ngā mirimita (mm).

• Iti: I waenganui i te 1 mm me te 2.5 mm te teitei, i waenganui i te 5 mm me te 16 mm te whānui.
• Waenga: I waenganui i te 2.5 mm me te 10 mm te teitei, 16 mm, iti iho rānei te whānui.
• Nui: Neke atu i te 10 mirimita te teitei, neke atu i te 16 mirimita te whānui.

He aha atu ngā whakamātautau ka mahia?

Ki te whakapae tō tākuta kua horapa te mate pukupuku, ka tonoa pea e rātou he matawai whakaahua o te ate. Nā te mea ko te mate pukupuku kanohi e horapa ana ki tua atu i te kanohi ka horapa pea ki te ate.

He aha ngā maimoatanga mō te mate pukupuku kanohi?

I ētahi wā, ki te puhoi te tipu o te pukupuku, ki te kore rānei e tino mārama te tautuhi mate, ka tūtohu pea tō tākuta kia tatari koe mō tētahi wā i mua i te tīmatanga o te maimoatanga. He pono rawa tēnei mēnā he nui ake ngā mōrearea o te maimoatanga i ngā mōrearea o te kore e mahi pera. Hei tauira, mēnā he mōrearea kei te ngaro te tirohanga i te wāhi e rongoatia ana.

1. Te Whakaora Irahiko

He rongoā tēnei e whakamahia whānuitia ana mō te mate pukupuku kanohi.

• Brachytherapy: Te rongoā irahiko ā-roto rānei. Koinei te mea e whakamahia whānuitia ana mō te melanoma kanohi. I roto i tēnei, ka whakatakotoria e te tākuta he taputapu iti rite ki te kōpae ki te taha o te pukupuku. Ka tukuna e ia te irahiko ka patu i ngā pūtau matepukupuku.
• Te Whakaora Irahiko Hiko o Waho (EBRT): I roto i tēnei, ka tukuna te irahiko ki te pukupuku mā te whakamahi i tētahi mīhini kāore e pā ki tō tinana. Tērā ētahi tikanga pēnei i te pokanga stereotactic . I roto i tēnei, ka tukuna ngā horopeta nui o te irahiko ki te pukupuku i roto i te wā kotahi maimoatanga. Ko te whakaora irahiko hihi proton tētahi atu kōwhiringa. He whakaora irahiko hou tēnei. Ka taea e ia te tuku i ngā horopeta nui o te irahiko ki te pukupuku me te tino tika. Heoi, kāore e wātea ana i ngā wāhi katoa nā te nui o te utu mō te tiaki i ngā taputapu.

2. Pokanga

He maimoatanga e whakamahia whānuitia ana te pokanga, inā koa mō ngā pukupuku iti kāore anō te mate pukupuku kia horapa ki tua atu i te karu o te kanohi.

• Iridectomy: Ko te tango i tētahi wāhanga o te iris tēnei. He maha ngā wā ka whakamahia tēnei mō ngā melanoma iti.
• Iridocyclectomy: Ko te tango i tētahi wāhanga o te iris me te tinana ciliary tēnei. He mea whakamahi noa hoki tēnei mō ngā melanomas iti.
• Tangohanga Transscleral: Ka tangohia te melanoma i roto i te choroid, i te ciliary body rānei.
• Te whakakorenga i te karu: Ka tangohia katoatia te karu. Ka mahia tēnei pokanga ina he nui te pukupuku, ina kore rānei e taea e te maimoatanga te whakaora i tō tirohanga. Whai muri i tēnā, ka whakaurua he karu hangai ki roto i tō kanohi kē. Ma tō rōpū hauora koe e āwhina ki te whakauru i te karu hangai kia rite tonu te āhua me te nekehanga ki tō kanohi ake.
• Te Whakaputa i te Porowhita: Ka tangohia te karu kanohi katoa me ētahi o ngā kiko e karapoti ana. Tērā pea ka tūtohu tō tākuta i tēnei pokanga mēnā kua horapa te mate pukupuku ki ngā hanganga e karapoti ana i te karu kanohi. Pērā i te whakaputunga i te karu kanohi, ka whai ake tēnei i tētahi karu kanohi horihori.

3. Te Whakaora Taiaho

Ka whakamahia te wera e ngā maimoatanga taiaho hei whakangaro i te mate pukupuku kanohi. Ko te tikanga tino whakamahia ko te Transpupillary Thermotherapy (TTT).Ka whakamahia e tēnei tikanga te mārama whero-whero hei aro atu ki te pukupuku, hei whakangaro hoki i ngā pūtau matepukupuku. Ka taea te whakamahi takitahi, i muri rānei i te brachytherapy hei ārai i te hokinga mai o te matepukupuku.

4. Te rongoā ārai mate

Ko te mahi a te immunotherapy mā te āwhina i tō pūnaha ārai mate ki te kite me te whakangaro i ngā pūtau matepukupuku. I ētahi wā, ka whakamahia he rongoā immunotherapy e kiia nei ko Tebentafusp hei rongoā i te uveal melanoma. He maha ngā wā ka whakamahia te immunotherapy ina kua horapa te matepukupuku, kāore rānei e taea te tango mā te pokanga.

5. Te Whakaora Whaiaro

Ka whakamahia e te rongoā arotahi ngā rongoā hei arotahi i ngā ngoikoretanga motuhake o ngā pūtau matepukupuku, hei whakangaro hoki i a rātou. Mena he whakarerekētanga ira BRAF kei roto i ō pūtau matepukupuku, tera pea ka āhei koe ki te whiwhi rongoā arotahi. Ahakoa ko tēnei whakarerekētanga te mea e kitea nuitia ana i roto i te melanoma kiri, tera pea ka whai hua tēnei maimoatanga mō te hunga e pāngia ana e te melanoma kanohi.

6. Te rongoā matū

Ehara te chemotherapy i te rongoā noa mō te mate pukupuku kanohi. Heoi, ka tūtohu pea tō tākuta i te chemotherapy mēnā kāore tō mate pukupuku e aro ki ētahi atu maimoatanga, mēnā rānei kua horapa ki ētahi atu wāhi.

He aha ngā pānga taha ka puta mai i te maimoatanga?

Ko ngā pānga taha ka whakawhirinaki ki te momo maimoatanga e taunakitia ana e tō tākuta. Nā te mea ko ngā kanohi te kaupapa o ēnei maimoatanga, tera pea ka rerekē tō tirohanga. Ko te mōrearea nui ko te ngaronga tirohanga wāhanga, te ngaronga tirohanga katoa rānei. Ka whakawhirinaki ēnei mōrearea ki ētahi āhuatanga me kōrero koe ki tō tākuta.

Ka taea te ārai i te mate pukupuku kanohi?

Kāore he huarahi hei ārai katoa i te mate pukupuku kanohi. Heoi, ki te mōhio koe kei te tino mōrearea koe ki te whakawhanake i te mate pukupuku kanohi, mā te tirotiro kanohi auau ka āwhina i te kite wawe i te mate me te whakanui ake i ō tupono ki te ora. Hei tauira, ki te mea he mate tōu pēnei i te `(BAP1 tumor predisposition syndrome)`, he mea pai kia tirohia ō kanohi i ia wā. Ki te mea he `(Retinoblastoma)` tō tētahi o tō whānau, ā, he tamaiti tāu, he mea whakaaro nui kia tirohia ngā kanohi o taua tamaiti i ia wā mō te mate pukupuku.

Ka taea te whakaora i te mate pukupuku kanohi? He aha te auau whakaora?

Ko te hua o tō maimoatanga, te matapae rānei, e whakawhirinaki ana ki ngā āhuatanga maha. Ko te rahi o te pukupuku, tōna wāhi, me te whānui o tōna horapa. Hei tauira, ka taea e te brachytherapy te patu i te 95% o ngā melanoma intraocular iti ki te rahi waenga. Kāore pea e taea te whakaora katoa i te mate pukupuku kanohi. Heoi, ka taea e ia te whakahaere i tōna tipu i roto i te karu kanohi.

Pātai atu ki tō tākuta mō ngā tūponotanga o te ora, i runga i te momo mate pukupuku kanohi kua pā ki a koe.

Ko te melanoma intraocular, te momo mate pukupuku kanohi tino noa, he tino pai te ora mena ka kitea, ka rongoatia i a ia e noho tonu ana i roto i te karu. Heoi, mena kua horapa te mate pukupuku ki ētahi atu whekau, kāore i te tino pai te ora. Waimarie, ko te nuinga o ngā mate pukupuku ka kitea, ka rongoatia i mua i te horapa.

Ngā pātai nui hei pātai atu ki tō tākuta

Ka taea e koe te pātai i ngā pātai penei:

• He aha te momo mate pukupuku kanohi kei a au?
• Kei tehea wāhanga o taku mate pukupuku?
• He aha ngā kōwhiringa maimoatanga e taunaki ana koe?
• He aha ngā pānga taha ka puta mai i te maimoatanga?
• Ka taea e au te pupuri i taku tirohanga i muri i te maimoatanga?
• He aha ngā tūponotanga ka ora katoa taku mate pukupuku mā te rongoā?

Hei whakamutunga, he karere nui

Ina kitea tō mate pukupuku kanohi, ko tōna tikanga ka whakawhirinaki ki ngā āhuatanga maha, tae atu ki te momo mate pukupuku kei a koe, te wāhi kei roto i tō kanohi, me te mea kua horapa. Mō ngā momo mate pukupuku kanohi e tino kitea ana, he mea nui te kimi wawe kia angitu ai te maimoatanga. Koia te take he mea nui te tirotiro kanohi auau. Nā te mea he maha ngā mate pukupuku kanohi kāore e whakaatu i ngā tohu i ngā wāhanga tōmua, ko te kitenga i tētahi mea rerekē i te wā o te tirotiro kanohi te tohu tuatahi o te mate pukupuku kanohi. Nō reira, whai i ngā tohutohu a tō tākuta kanohi mō te auau o te tirotiro i ō kanohi hei tautuhi i ngā raruraru tirohanga, i ētahi atu āhuatanga rānei ka pā ki ō kanohi. Kaua e mataku, kia mōhio, me te mahi i ngā mahi e tika ana.

Matepukupuku Kanohi, Matepukupuku Kanohi, Matepukupuku Kanohi, Ngā Tohumate Pukupuku, Te Maimoatanga Matepukupuku, Melanoma, Retinoblastoma