He aha i hiahia ai ētahi tāngata ki ngā mōhiti? Ngā raruraru tirohanga me ngā otinga (Ngā Mōhiti me ngā Karaehe Whakapā)

Kua whakaaro koe he aha i hiahia ai tō hoa ki ngā mōhiti engari kāore koe? He aha rānei ētahi e hiahia ana ki ngā mōhiti hei pānui pukapuka, ko ētahi e hiahia ana ki ngā mōhiti hei tiro i tawhiti? He tino motuhake ō tātou kanohi, he rerekē tetahi i tetahi. I ētahi wā, ina kore e mahi tahi ngā wāhanga iti o roto i te kanohi, kāore e taea e tātou te kite mārama. Engari kaua e manukanuka, kei reira ngā mōhiti me ngā karaihe whakapā hei āwhina i tēnei. Me kōrero taipitopito tātou mō tēnei i tēnei rā, āe?

He aha te mahi a ō tātou kanohi? He mea whakamiharo, kāore?

Whakaarohia tō kanohi he kāmera iti, tino uaua. Ko te mārama te mea e hiahiatia ana e tēnei kāmera hei hanga i tētahi "ahua". He maha ngā wāhanga matua o roto i te kanohi hei āwhina i a ia ki te mahi i tēnei mahi.

• Te Koro: Koinei te wāhanga mārama, rite ki te mātaaratanga o te kanohi. Ina uru te mārama ki roto i te kanohi, ka hurihia tuatahitia, ka pikohia rānei, ka tukuna ki roto i te kanohi e te koro. Hei whakamārama, ko te tukanga o te arotahi, te arotahi rānei, o te mārama e uru ana ki te kanohi ka tīmata i konei.
• Ārai: Ko te kikorangi, te parauri, te hina, te mangu rānei o ō kanohi, kei te tae o tēnei "Ārai". He wāhanga uaua tēnei.
• Ākonga: Koinei te porowhita pango iti i waenganui o te `(Ākonga)`. He kōhao tēnei. He rite ki te `(pūwhera)` o te kāmera. Ina nui te mārama, ka iti haere tēnei `(Ākonga)`, ā, ina iti te mārama (i te pōuri), ka nui haere. Ko tana mahi matua he whakahaere i te nui o te mārama e tomo ana ki te kanohi.
• Arotahi: Koinei te wāhanga mārama i muri i te `(Pupil)`, he rite ki te karāhe iti. Whai muri i te `(Cornea)`, ka arotahi te `(Arotahi)` i te mārama kia tata atu, kia tau tika ki te `(Retina)`. Ko te mea motuhake mō tēnei `(Arotahi)` ko tōna āhei ki te whakarerekē i tōna āhua (mā ngā uaua iti e mahi) ā, ka āwhina i a koe ki te kite mārama i ngā mea e tata ana me ngā mea e tawhiti ana.
• Retina: Koinei te paparanga aro-mārama kei muri o te kanohi. He rite ki te `(pūoko)` i roto i te kāmera, ki te `(rōra kiriata)` rānei i roto i ngā kāmera tawhito. Ina taka te mārama e kohia ana e te `(Cornea)` me te `(Arotahi)` ki runga i tēnei `(Retina)`, ka hangaia he ahua ki reira. Kei roto i tēnei `(Retina)` miriona ngā pūtau motuhake (`(Ngā pūtau Photoreceptor)`) e aro ana ki te mārama me te tae. Ka hurihia e ēnei pūtau te mārama hei tohu hiko.

Kātahi ka haere ēnei tohu hiko mā roto i te io whatu ki te roro. Ka tātarihia e te roro ēnei tohu, ka mea mai, "Koinei te ahua e kitea ana e koe." He mea whakamiharo ngā mea e tupu ana i roto i tēnei kanohi iti!

He aha te kore e ōrite ai te tirohanga a te katoa? He aha ēnei ngoikoretanga tirohanga?

Pērā i ō tātou tapumati, he rerekē ngā kanohi o te katoa. Arā, ko te roa o te karu kanohi, te piko o te `(Cornea)`, me te āhua o te `(Lens)` ka rerekē i ia tangata, i ia tangata. Nā ēnei rerekētanga te take e hiahia ai ētahi tāngata ki ngā mōhiti, ko ētahi kāore. Ki te kore te mārama e aro tika ki te `(Retina)`, ka pōuri te tirohanga. Ka kiia ēnei he hapa whakaata . Me titiro tātou ki ngā momo matua o ngā hapa whakaata e kitea ana e tātou.

1. Te Matapōkere, te Tirohanga Tata rānei

Koinei te wā e kitea mārama ai ngā mea e tata ana ki a koe, engari he pōuriuri ngā mea e tawhiti ana. He rite ki te mātaki pouaka whakaata mai i tawhiti, ā, kāore i te mārama te tuhinga. Hei tauira, ko ngā tamariki kāore e kite i ngā mea kua tuhia ki te papa pango i roto i te akomanga, ko te hunga rānei kāore e taea te pānui i te tohu pahi mai i tawhiti.

• He aha ai tēnei? He poto noa iho, he roa rawa tō karu kanohi, he nui rawa rānei te kaha o tō "Cornea" me tō "Arotahi" ki te arotahi. Kātahi ka kore te mārama e uru ana ki te kanohi e arotahi tika ana ki te "Retina", engari kei mua noa atu i a ia.
• Me pēhea te whakatika i tēnei e ngā mōhiti? Ko te hunga whai `(Myopia)` ka hoatu he mōhiti he karāhe kōpiko (Concave lenses / Minus power lenses) . Ka paku wehea te mārama e ēnei karāhe, ka taka tika ki te `(Retina)`.

2. Te Matakite Mamao, te Tirohanga Mamao rānei

I tēnei , ahakoa e kitea mārama ana ngā mea tawhiti, ko ngā mea tata, inā koa i te wā e pānui pukapuka ana, e titiro ana ki te waea, e tuitui ana rānei, ka āhua pōuriuri. I ētahi wā, i te wā e ngana ana ki te titiro tata, ka ngenge pea ngā kanohi (`(eye strain)`) ā, ka pāngia pea te upoko. Ina pāngia ngā tamariki nohinohi e te `(Hyperopia)`, ka pāngia pea rātou e te āhua e titiro whakaroto ai ngā kanohi (`(eyes crossed)` / `(Esotropia)`).

• He aha ai tēnei? He rerekē tēnei i te `(Myopia)`. He poto rawa tō karu kanohi, he iti rānei te kaha o tō `(Cornea)`, `(Arotahi)` rānei. Kātahi ka ngana te mārama ki te arotahi ki muri i te `(Retina)` (kia tika, me kaha ake te mahi a te `(Arotahi)` ki te arotahi ki runga ake i te `(Retina)`).
• Me pēhea te whakatika i tēnei mā te whakamahi i ngā mōhiti? Ko te hunga whai `(Hyperopia)` ka hoatu he mōhiti he karāhe kōpikopiko (ngā karāhe kōpikopiko / ngā karāhe kaha tāpiri) . Mā ēnei karāhe ka huihui te mārama (ka huihui) ka kawe ki te `(Retina)`.

3. Te Astigmatism

He momo ngoikore paku rerekē tēnei. I konei , ka puta pea ngā mea tata me ngā mea tawhiti he pōuriuri, he totoro i ētahi wā, ā, ka puta hei atarangi. I a koe e taraiwa ana i te pō, ka kite pea koe i ngā pakūnga whetū huri noa i ngā rama. Tērā pea ka kitea anō te Astigmatism, me te Myopia, te Hyperopia rānei.

• He aha tēnei e tupu nei?I te nuinga o te wā, he porowhita te `(Cornea)` me te `(Arotahi)` o te kanohi hauora, he rite tonu te piko i ngā taha katoa, pērā i te mata o te pōro porowhita. Heoi, mō te hunga whai `(Astigmatism), he porowhita/pōro te āhua o te `(Cornea)` (he maha ngā wā ko te `(Cornea)`) me te `(Arotahi)`, he nui ake te piko i tetahi taha, he iti ake te piko i tetahi taha. Kātahi ka rerekē te arotahi o te mārama e puta mai ana i ia taha, i ngā wāhi rerekē. Koia te take e ahua pōuriuri ana, e totoro ana te ahua.
• Me pēhea te whakatika i tēnei e ngā mōhiti? Ka whakamahia e rātou he karaihe porotaka , he āhua motuhake. Ka whakatikahia e ēnei te piko koretake, ka arotahi i te mārama ki te papa kotahi, kia mārama ai te tirohanga.

4. Te Tirohanga Tata (Presbyopia)

Ehara tēnei i te mate, engari he huringa taiao e puta ana i te kaumātuatanga. He maha ngā tāngata e pāngia ana e te nuinga o te wā, kei waenganui i te 40-45 tau te pakeke. Ahakoa te hunga i pai te tirohanga i mua, he uaua ki te pānui i ngā tuhinga iti, ki te mahi rānei i ngā mahi tata, pērā i te wero i te ngira. Koia te take e totoro ai ngā ringa o te hunga o taua tau i te wā e pānui ana i ngā nūpepa, e titiro ana rānei ki ā rātou waea, ā, i ētahi wā ka kī rātou "kei te ngenge haere ō rātou ringaringa."

• He aha ai tēnei? I a tātou e pakeke haere ana, ka ngaro haere te ngāwari o te `(Arotahi)` i roto i ō tātou kanohi, arā, tōna kaha ki te huri ngāwari i te āhua. I a tātou e tamariki ana, ka ngāwari te piko o tēnei `(Arotahi)` ka arotahi ina titiro tata atu tātou. Heoi, i a tātou e pakeke haere ana, ka heke iho tēnei kaha, nō reira, ina hiahia tātou ki te titiro tata atu, kāore e taea e te `(Arotahi)` te arotahi tika.
• He aha te otinga? Ka taea hoki e koe te whakamahi i ngā mōhiti pānui mō tēnei, i ngā karāhe arotahi-rua, i ngā karāhe arotahi-whakamua rānei e taea ai e koe te kite i te tawhiti me te tata mā te whakamahi i te takirua mōhiti kotahi.

He aha te mea nui kia tirohia ō kanohi?

Ki te kite koe i ētahi panonitanga o tō tirohanga – arā, kāore e taea e koe te kite mārama pērā i mua, he maha ngā mamae o te upoko, he ngenge ō kanohi – ahakoa kāore he aha , he mea nui kia tirohia ō kanohi i te iti rawa kotahi i te tau. Hei mātua, me aro nui tātou ki te tirohanga a ā tātou tamariki. Nā te mea kāore pea rātou e kī kāore e taea e rātou te kite. Waihoki, ko te hunga whai mate pēnei i te `(Diabetes Mellitus)` (Te Mate Huka) ka pāngia e ngā raruraru kanohi, nō reira he mea nui kia tirohia ō rātou kanohi i ia wā.

He aha te tikanga o te mahi i te wā o te whakamātautau kanohi?

• Whakamātautau Koiora Tirohanga: Koinei te mea ka pānuihia e koe i runga i te tūtohi Snellen mō ia kanohi. Ka ine i te mārama me te tawhiti o te tirohanga.
• Whakamātautau Whakaata: Ka whakamahia tēnei hei whakatau mēnā he Myopia, Hyperopia, Astigmatism rānei tōu, ā, mēnā he pērā, he aha te kaha o ngā karāhe e hiahiatia ana e koe. Tērā pea kua kite koe i tētahi mīhini e kiia nei ko te Phoropter e whakamātautau ana i tō tirohanga mā te whakauru i ngā karāhe takitahi.
• Te ine i te pēhanga kanohi (Tonometry):Ka inehia te pēhanga i roto i te kanohi. He mea nui tēnei hei tautuhi i te mate e kiia nei ko te "Glaucoma".
• Whakamātautau Kanohi Whānui: I ētahi wā, ka whānui te kamo mā te pania ki ngā pata kanohi, ā, ka tirohia ngā wāhanga o roto i te kanohi, pērā i te retina me te io whatu, mā ngā taputapu motuhake (ophthalmoscope me te rama kuiti).

Ko wai tāu e hiahia ana ki te whakaatu?

I te nuinga o te wā, ka tirohia ngā kanohi e te tākuta kanohi , ā, ka tohua he mōhiti. Ko rātou te hunga e tātari ana i ēnei hapa tirohanga, ā, ka tūtohu i ngā mōhiti, i ngā karaihe whakapā rānei hei whakatika i aua hapa. Heoi, ki te hiahia koe ki te toro atu ki te tākuta kanohi (hei tauira, te Glaucoma, te Cataract, te retinal detachment) mō tētahi tirotiro hohonu ake, maimoatanga, pokanga rānei, me toro atu koe ki te tākuta kanohi . Ka taea hoki e te tākuta kanohi te tuku i a koe ki te tākuta kanohi mēnā e tika ana.

He pai ake ngā mōhiti, ngā karaihe whakapā rānei?

Nā, ki te mea te tākuta me mau mōhiti koe, ko te pātai e whai ake nei, 'Me mau mōhiti rānei ahau, me mau rānei i ngā 'Karāhe Whakapā'? He whakatau whaiaro tēnei. He painga, he huakore hoki ngā mea e rua.

Mōhiti (Mōhiti Tiro):

• Ngā Painga:
• He tino māmā te mau me te tango atu. Kāore he whakangungu motuhake e hiahiatia ana.
• Nā te mea kāore te kanohi e pāngia tika ana, he iti rawa te tūponotanga o te pangia e te mate.
• He iti noa te tiaki. Kāore he "otinga" motuhake e hiahiatia ana, me muru noa, ā, me pupuri kia ma.
• Ka taea e koe te whiriwhiri i waenga i ngā `(kāhua)`, `(anga)`, me ngā tae rerekē. Ka tāpirihia he mea hou ki tō āhua.
• He pai rawa atu mō te hunga he kanohi maroke, he mate pāwera hoki.
• Ngā ngoikoretanga:
• He uaua pea te mahi i ētahi hākinakina, ā, ka paheke pea koe, ka hinga.
• I te wā ua, ka puta te kohu ina neke koe mai i tētahi wāhi mahana ki tētahi wāhi makariri.
• Tērā pea ka rongo ētahi tāngata i te taumaha o ō rātou mata me te pupuhi i ia taha o ō rātou ihu.
• Tērā pea ka āraia te tirohanga taha e te anga.
• Tērā pea ētahi tāngata e kore e pai ki ō rātou āhua.

Ngā Karāhe Whakapā:

• Ngā Painga:
• Kāore e rite ki te whakaata i te mata, engari he āhua tūturu.
• He tino watea mō te hunga e takaro ana i ngā hākinakina me te hunga e ora ana i te oranga hihiri. Kāore he arai i te wā e oma ana, e pekepeke ana rānei.
• Kāore he ārai i te tirohanga taha. Kua oti te tirohanga whānui.
• Mō ētahi āhuatanga, pērā i te myopia tino kino, me ngā hapa o te kornea pērā i te keratoconus, ka taea e ngā mōhiti te whakarato i te tirohanga pai ake, mārama ake hoki.
• Kāore he raruraru o te ua, o te kohu rānei.
• Ngā ngoikoretanga:
• Me tino tupato koe ki te horoi. Ki te kore koe e horoi tika i ō karu, ki te kore koe e tango i a rātou i a koe e moe ana, ā, ki te kore koe e whakamahi i aua karu e ai ki ngā tohutohu a tō tākuta, ka pāngia koe e ngā mate kino o te kanohi (`(ngā mate kino o te kanohi)`) me ngā mate pukupuku o te kornea. Koinei te mea tino nui!
• He roa te wā e taunga ai ki te mau me te tango, me whakaharatau anō hoki.
• Ko te hunga he kanohi maroke ka pāngia e te mamae, te whero, me te mākūkū.
• He nui ake te utu i ngā mōhiti (nā te utu o ngā karāhe me te otinga e tika ana kia whakakapia i ngā wā katoa).
• Me tango atu i mua i te moe (ahakoa he momo motuhake o ngā "arotahi mau roa", engari ko te tākuta anake e taunaki ana i ēnei).

Me pēhea te tiaki i ngā mōhiti me ngā karaihe whakapā?

He mea tino nui te tiaki i ēnei taputapu e rua hei āwhina i tō tirohanga kia mārama, ki te kore, e kore e taea e koe te whakamahi tika i a rāua, ā, ka taea e ngā `(Karāhe Whakapā)` te kino i ō kanohi.

Mena ko ngā mōhiti:

• Ina kore e whakamahia, puritia ki roto i te "pouaka" kua whakaratohia. Pērā ai, kāore e rakuraku, e pakaru rānei.
• Horoia noa ki te kakahu ngohengohe (kakahu maikoro-mipere) me te wai horoi motuhake mō ngā karu. Kaua e horoia ki te kokonga o te hāte, te sari, te tauera rānei, nā te mea ka rakuraku pea ngā karu.
• Ina whakatakotoria te whakaata ki runga i te tēpu, kaua e whakatakotoria me ngā karāhe e anga ana ki raro, kei rakuraku pea.
• Kaua e horoia te anga, ngā karāhe rānei o ō mōhiti ki ngā hopi kaha, ki ngā whakarewa rānei.

Ngā karaihe whakapā (kia maumahara ki tēnei!)

Kaua rawa e pā atu, e whakauru, e tango rānei i ngā "Karāhe Whakapā" me te kore e horoi pai i ō ringaringa ki te hopi me te wai, me te whakamaroke hoki ki te tauera ma! Koinei te ture matua.

• Horoia, patu huakita, me te penapena i ō karāhe arotahi ki te wai patu huakita kua tūtohutia e tō tākuta, e tō tākuta kanohi rānei. Kaua rawa e rumakina, e horoia, e maka rānei ō karāhe arotahi ki roto i te wai puna, i te wai pounamu, i te huware, i te wai tote rānei i hangaia i te kāinga. Ka taea e ēnei te kawe i ngā huakita ka pā mai he mate kino.
• Kia ma tō 'Kete Karāhe Whakapā' mā te tango i te `(wairewa)` i whakamahia e koe i ia rā, horoia ki te `(wairewa hou), waiho kia mākū, ā, waiho kia maroke. Whakakapia te `(kete)` i te iti rawa i te kotahi i ia toru marama.
• Kia tino tangohia ō karaihe whakapā i mua i te haere ki te moe, ki te kaukau, ki te kaukau rānei (i te puna kaukau, i te moana rānei).
• Kaua e whakamahia te `(arotahi)` kotahi mō te roa atu i te wā i whakaritea e tō tākuta (hei tauira, ko te `(arotahi)` o ia rā mō te rā kotahi, ko te `(arotahi)` o ia marama mō te marama kotahi). Kaua e whakamahia te `(arotahi)` kua pau te wā.
• Ki te whero ō kanohi, ki te mākūkū, ki te mamae, ki te pōuri, ki te puta rānei he wai i roto i ō kanohi, tangohia tonutia ō karaihe whakapā ka toro atu ki te tākuta. Kaua e whakahokia ki roto kia kīia rā anō e tō tākuta.
• Kaua e tohaina ō karaihe whakapā ki tētahi atu, kaua hoki e mau i ngā karaihe whakapā a tētahi atu.

Ki te puta he mea pēnei, me toro atu ki te tākuta! (Ngā Tohu Whero)

I ētahi wā, ko ngā panoni iti o ngā kanohi he tohu pea mō tētahi raruraru nui ake. Nō reira, kia tino tupato ki ngā kōrero e tukuna ana ki a koe, nā te mea ka taea e te maimoatanga wawe te ārai i te ngaronga o te tirohanga.

• Mena ka pāngia koe e te hekenga, te pōuri rānei o te tirohanga (i roto i te kanohi kotahi, i ngā kanohi e rua rānei).
• Mena he mamae nui tō kanohi .
• Ki te mea he kikorangi rawa ō kanohi, kāore e taea e ia te titiro atu ki te mārama , ki te kore rānei e taea e ō kanohi te aro atu ki te mārama (`(light sensitivity)`).
• Mena he whero ngā kanohi, he pupuhi, he roimata tonu, he rere rānei he rite ki te pupuhi.
• Ki te kite ohorere koe i te nui haere o ngā ira pango, ngā tukutuku, ngā tukutuku pungawerewere rānei e mānu ana i mua i ō kanohi, ki te kite rānei koe i ngā hihi mārama.
• Ki te kite koe i ngā mea e rua (`(tirohanga takirua)`) ā, ka tīmata ohorere.
• Mena kua ngaro tetahi wāhanga o te tirohanga (me te mea kua taka te ārai).

Ki te puta he āhuatanga pēnei , me toro atu ki tētahi tākuta kanohi tonu atu, me te kore e whakaroa, me te whakamātau rānei i ngā rongoā kāinga.

Nā, anei ētahi mea hei maumahara mā tātou mai i ngā mea kua kōrerotia e tātou (Karere hei Tango ki te Kāinga):

Nā, kua maha ngā kōrero kua pā ki ngā kanohi, ngā mōhiti, me ngā `(Ngā Karaehe Whakapā)` i tēnei rā, kāore? Hei whakarāpopototanga i ēnei mea katoa, anei ngā mea tino nui hei maumahara:

• He rerekē ngā kanohi o te katoa, nō reira he mea noa ki ētahi tāngata te hiahia mōhiti, ā, ehara i te mea e whakama ai.
• Ki te kite koe i tētahi panonitanga iti noa iho o tō tirohanga, me toro atu ki te tākuta, me tirotiro hoki ō kanohi. Ki te kitea wawetia he mate, he māmā ake te rongoā, ā, ka taea e koe te tiaki i tō tirohanga.
• Whakatauhia mēnā ka mau koe i ngā mōhiti, i ngā karaihe whakapā rānei, i runga i tō āhua noho, i ō manakohanga, i ō matea me ngā tohutohu a tō tākuta.
• Ki te mau koe i ngā karaihe whakapā, kia tino tupato ki te pupuri i te ma. He mea tino nui tēnei mō te haumaru o ō kanohi! Kaua e whakahawea.
• He tino taonga, he tino tairongo hoki ngā kanohi. Nō reira , tiakina pai! He mea nui anō hoki ngā mahi pēnei i te kai tika, te moe nui, me te okioki i mua i ngā mata rorohiko mō te hauora o ngā kanohi.

Ko tāku tumanako kua whai hua ēnei kōrero ki a koe. Mēnā he pātai anō āu, kaua e mangere ki te pātai atu ki te tākuta.

Mōhiti Tirotiro, Karaehe Whakapā, Ngā Whakararuraru Tirohanga, Myopia, Hyperopia, Astigmatism, Presbyopia, Whakamātautau Kanohi, Hauora Kanohi, Ngā Hapa Tirotiro