Whakaarohia kua pokanga nui tō puku, tō hoa rānei e mōhio ana koe. Mēnā rānei he mate puku kino tōu, kāore e taea e koe te kai, te inu rānei i tetahi mea mā te waha. Me pēhea te whakarato i te tinana ki te kai me te pūngao e hiahiatia ana e ia? Koinei te wā e whakamahia ai tēnei tikanga motuhake e kiia nei ko te 'kai mā roto i ngā uaua'. He mea tino rerekē, he uaua hoki tēnei i te wai tote noa. Me titiro tātou ki ngā taipitopito.
He aha te kai parenteral?
Ahakoa he ahua rerekē te ingoa, he tino māmā noa iho te tikanga. Ko te tikanga o te kupu "parenteral" ko "waho i te pūnaha nakunaku." Arā, ko te Kai Parenteral ko te kai e kainga ana e tātou mā roto i ō tātou mangai ka uru ki roto i te puku, ka mimitihia e ngā whekau, ā, ka hurihia i roto i te ate i mua i te mimiti ki roto i te tinana. Ka kiia ko te Kai Parenteral , ā, ko ngā matūkai katoa e hiahiatia ana e te tinana ka tukuna tika ki roto i te uaua toto.
He whakarapopototanga tēnei, ko te karo i te pūnaha whekau katoa, mai i te waha ka mutu ki te nono, ā, ka tukuna tika atu ngā matūkai katoa ki roto i te uaua toto.
Ko ētahi tāngata ka hiahia noa ki te tango i tēnei mō ētahi rā torutoru noa iho, ko ētahi ia ka hiahia pea ki te tango mō ngā wiki, ngā marama, tae noa ki te wā e ora ana.
He aha ngā momo matua o tēnei tikanga?
E rua ngā momo matua o tēnei whakarōpūtanga. Ko tētahi e pā ana ki te nui o te kai e hoatu ana, ko tētahi e pā ana ki te uaua e whakarato ana i te kai.
| Te whakarōpūtanga i runga i te nui o te kai e whakaratohia ana | |
|---|---|
| Momo | Hei whakarāpopototanga... |
| Kai Whakaora Katoa (TPN) | Ka hoatu tēnei ki te hunga kāore e taea te whakamahi i ō rātou pūnaha puku . Ka whakaratohia e ia te 100 ōrau o ngā matūkai e hiahiatia ana e te tinana. |
| Kai Whakamātautau Wāhanga (PPN) | Ka hoatu tēnei ki te hunga e kai ana i te iti mā te waha, engari kāore e ranea mō te tinana, me te hunga hoki e kore e kai pai. Ka hoatu tēnei hei kai tāpiri. |
| Te whakarōpūtanga i runga i te uaua whāngai | |
| Kai Matua Parenteral (CPN) | Ka tukuna tēnei ki roto i tētahi uaua nui i te kaki, i te uma rānei e haere tika ana ki te ngākau. Mā tēnei ka nui ake ngā kaora me te nui ake o te kai totika. Koinei te tikanga e whakamahia ana hei hoatu i te TPN. |
| Kai Parenteral Ā-Taiao (PPN) | Ka tukuna tēnei ki roto i tētahi uaua iti i te ringa, i te waewae, i te kaki rānei. Ka whakamahia hei whakarato i te kai totika mō te wā poto (PPN). He ngāwari te hoatu, engari kāore e nui te kaha e homai ana. |
He aha ngā mea kei roto i tēnei wai kai?
Ehara tēnei i te pounamu tote noa iho. He rite tēnei ki tētahi 'kokotere' kai i hangaia mō te tūroro. Ka hangaia tēnei wai mā te tatau i ngā mea e hiahiatia ana e tō tinana, me te whai whakaaro ki ngā āhuatanga maha pēnei i tō tau, tō taumaha, tō āhua hauora, me ngā pūrongo toto.
Ko ēnei te nuinga o ngā mea:
- Wai
- Warowaihā (mō te pūngao)
- Ngā pūmua (mō te tipu o te tinana me te whakatikatika pūtau)
- Ngako/Ripoata (mō te nui ake o te pūngao)
- Ngā huaora
- Ngā tote kohuke (Ngā irahiko)
He tino otinga tēnei, ā, ka taea e te tangata te ora ko ia anake mō tōna oranga katoa me te kore e kai i tetahi mea mā te waha.
I roto i ēhea āhuatanga ka hoatu he kai mā roto i te uaua?
Ka whakamahia anake tēnei i ngā wā tino kino rawa atu kāore e taea te whāngai i te tūroro i tētahi atu huarahi.
Ngā āhuatanga e hiahiatia ana te kai parenteral katoa (TPN)
- I muri i te pokanga hei tango i tētahi wāhanga nui o te whekau
- Ngā pānga kino o te chemotherapy mō te mate pukupuku
- Te aukati i te puku
- Te hekenga o te rere o te toto ki ngā whekau (ischemia o te puku)
- Ngā mate puku mumura, pērā i te mate kino o Crohn
- Ngā pēpi i whānau wawe rawa, ā, kāore anō kia tino whanake ngā whekau
- Te mate korere nui, roa
- Ētahi atu mate hauora nui e hiahia ana kia okioki katoa te pūnaha puku
Ngā āhuatanga e hiahiatia ana te kai whāiti (PPN)
Ko te tikanga ka hoatu te PPN hei whakarato i te kaha tāpiri ki ngā tūroro e kore e kai pai nā te roa o te noho ki te hōhipera me te kore e ranea te kai ā-waha.
Te whakaurunga me te maimoatanga o te catheter
Ehara tēnei i te mea he cannula noa iho ka tukuna ki tō ringaringa. Me whakauru he ngongo motuhake e kiia nei ko te catheter ki roto i tētahi uaua nui i roto i tō tinana. He rite tēnei ki tētahi pokanga iti. Kaua e manukanuka, ka whakamoea koe (ka kore e mahi), ā, kua oti tēnei. Ka horoia tō kiri e te tākuta, ka whakauru tika te catheter ki roto i te uaua mā te awhina o te ultrasound, te X-ray rānei.
E toru ngā momo matua o ngā catheter:
- He kātere "pūwero" o waho: He ngongo tēnei e whakaurua ana ki raro i te kiri mō tētahi tawhiti poto, kātahi ka puta mai i tētahi atu wāhi.
- He katitere kua whakatōkia katoatia: Kei raro i te kiri tēnei katitere e huna katoatia ana. He iti noa te putanga kei raro i te kiri e werohia ai te rongoā.
- Raina PICC: He ngongo tēnei e whakaurua ana mā roto i tētahi uaua i te ringa o runga, ka rere ki roto i tētahi uaua nui i te uma. Ka whakamahia mō te maimoatanga poto (iti iho i te 6 wiki).
E 10-12 hāora te roa o te taenga atu o tēnei wai matūkai ki te tinana. Nō reira, he tokomaha e whakamahi ana i te pō i a rātou e moe ana. Ka taea te mahi i tēnei maimoatanga i te hōhipera, i te kāinga rānei me te whakangungu e tika ana. Heoi, me tino ma te whakahaere i ēnei mea kia kore ai e pangia e te mate .
He aha ngā mōrearea me ngā raruraru ka pā mai?
Ahakoa he whakaora ora tēnei tikanga, tera pea ētahi mōrearea me ngā raruraru. Koia te take ka whakamahia noa e ngā tākuta i ngā wā tino kino, ā, ka aroturuki tonu i te tūroro.
| Ngā raruraru | He whakamārama māmā |
|---|---|
| Mate pāwera | Ka taea e ngā huakita te tomo ki roto i te toto mā te katitere. Ka horapa pea tēnei, ā, ka puta he mate morearea e kiia nei ko te sepsis . Koinei te mōrearea matua, me te tino kino . |
| Ngā Putunga Toto | Ka taea te hanga i ngā pūtoto toto i te wāhi e hono ai te catheter ki te uaua. |
| Ngā raruraru ate | Ka pā kino pea te ate ki te tango i te TPN mō te wā roa. Ka kiia hoki tēnei ko te mate ate e pā ana ki te kai parenteral (PNALD). |
| Te kore taurite o te huka toto | Ka piki ohorere te taumata huka (hyperglycemia) ka heke rānei (hypoglycemia). Ka taea te whakahaere i tēnei mā te hoatu i te insulin. |
| Te angiangi o ngā wheua | I roto i te wā roa, ka taea e ngā panonitanga o ngā mea pēnei i te konupūmā me te huaora D te arahi ki te ngoikore o ngā wheua (Osteoporosis). |
| Ngā raruraru o te pūkahukahu | Nā te kore e mahi tika te pūnaha nakunaku, ka kohia te au i roto i te pūkahukahu ka hanga kohatu. |
Me pēhea koe e taunga ai anō ki te kai mā te waha?
Kia tīmata anō te pūnaha whekau ki te mahi, ka ngana ngā tākuta ki te whakahoki i te tūroro ki te kai ā-waha i te wā tere tonu, nā te mea ka "mangere" ngā whekau mēnā kāore e whakamahia i ngā wā katoa.
He tino pai te mahi i tēnei.
Kāore rātou e tīmata tonu ki te kai raihi. Ka tīmata rātou me te 'kai wai mārama'. Hei tauira, ngā mea pēnei i te wai kohua, te parāoa tote, me te wai. Ki te taea e te tinana te aro atu, ka neke atu rātou ki te kai wai katoa. Kātahi anō ka whakaurua rātou ki ngā kai totoka.
I tēnei wā katoa, kei te aro turukihia e te tīma hauora ngā taumata kai o tō tinana.
Karere Tangohia ki te Kāinga
- He mea tino nui te kai whāngai toto, ā, he rongoā whakaora ora tēnei mō te hunga kāore e taea te kai mā te waha.
- I roto i tēnei, ka tukuna tika atu ngā matūkai katoa e hiahiatia ana e te tinana ki roto i te oko toto.
- E rua ngā momo matua: TPN (kai parenteral katoa) me PPN (kai parenteral wāhanga).
- Nā te mea he mōrearea kei roto i tēnei tikanga pērā i te mate urutā, te toto totoka, me ngā raruraru ate, ka mahia anake i raro i te tirotiro tino a ngā tākuta.
- Mena kua tohua tēnei rongoā ki a koe, ki tētahi rānei e mōhio ana koe, kaua e mataku. Pātai atu ki tō tākuta mō tēnei mea, kia mārama hoki ki a ia. Whaia rawatia āna tohutohu.
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