He wāhanga nui o te whakamātautau kanohi: Me ako tātou mō te Retinoscopy.

Kua tirohia ō kanohi i mua? Kua haria rānei e koe tāu tamaiti ki tētahi tohunga kanohi? I taua wā, kua rongo pea koe i te kupu 'retinoscopy'. He taahiraa tino nui tēnei i roto i te whakamātautau kanohi. I tēnei rā, me kōrero tātou mō te tikanga o tēnei retinoscopy, āna mahi, me tōna hiranga.

He aha te Retinoscopy?

He whakarāpopototanga noa iho, ko te retinoscopy he whakamātautau motuhake e whakamahia ana e te tākuta kanohi hei ine tika i tō tirohanga, i ngā hapa tirohanga rānei, i roto i ō kanohi. Ka whakamahia e rātou he taputapu ringaringa motuhake me te rama hei mahi i tēnei. Ka tukuna tēnei rama ki roto i tō kanohi, ka pā ki te retina i muri o tō kanohi, kātahi ka whakaatahia anō.

Ahakoa he maha ngā tikanga hou mō te tirotiro i ngā kanohi i ēnei rā, kei te tino rongonui tonu tēnei tikanga e kiia nei ko te retinoscopy. He maha ngā wā ka mahia hei wāhanga o te whakamātautau kanohi o ia rā.

He mea tino nui tēnei tikanga mō te tirotiro i ngā kanohi o te hunga kāore e taea te kōrero ki te tākuta mō ō rātou raruraru. Whakaarohia, me pēhea e taea ai e te pēpi nohinohi te kōrero ki a koe mō te āhua o tana tirohanga?

Waihoki:

• Mō ngā tamariki nohinohi rawa (mai i te whānautanga mai anō)
• Mō te hunga kāore e mārama ki te reo e kōrerohia ana e te tākuta, ā, he arai reo anō hoki ō rātou
• Mō te hunga whai hauātanga hinengaro
• He mea nui tēnei whakamātautau ina tae ki te whakarato mōhiti tirohanga ki te hunga whai mate roro e pā ana ki te kaumātuatanga (hei tauira, te mate wareware) .

Ko tētahi atu mea, ka taea e tētahi tikanga motuhake e kīia nei ko te retinoscopy te kite mēnā he uaua ki ō kanohi te arotahi i ngā tawhiti rerekē.

Me pēhea te mahi a tēnei?

Āe, me titiro tātou ki te mahi a tēnei whakamātautau retinoscopy. Ina uru te mārama ki roto i tō kanohi, ka haere mā roto i te cornea me te karāhe i roto i te kanohi, ka pā ki te retina i muri o te kanohi. Kātahi ka whakaatahia te mārama ki muri, pērā i te whakaata o te mārama mai i te whakaata.

Mā te mārama whakaata nei ka whero te āhua o te kamo o tō kanohi, ka tiaho rānei. Ka kiia tēnei e ngā tākuta ko te 'Fundus reflex' ko te 'Red reflex' rānei. Kua kite pea koe i ētahi wā ka whero te āhua o ō kanohi ina tango whakaahua koe, koinā te mea ka tupu.

I te nuinga o te wā, ka inehia e te whakamātautau kanohi tō koi tirohanga, arā, te pai o tō tirohanga 20/20 . Ko te tirohanga 20/20 te taumata e taea ai e ngā kanohi hauora e rua te kite mārama. Mō te tangata whai i tēnei taumata tirohanga, me rite ngā hihi mārama e whakaatahia ana mai i te retina i a rātou e puta ana i te kanohi.

Engari ki te mea he hapa tirohanga tōu – te tirohanga tata, te tirohanga tawhiti, te astigmatism rānei – ka piko ēnei hihi mārama, ā, kāore e puta tika mai. Koinā te wā ka whakamahia e te tākuta kanohi he retinoscopy hei tirotiro i te momo karāhe ka puta whakarara mai ai ēnei hihi mārama. Koinā te whakatikatika e hiahiatia ana e koe. Kei te mārama koe?

He aha ngā āhuatanga ka taea te tautuhi mā te retinoscopy?

Ka taea hoki e tēnei whakamātautau retinoscopy te āwhina i te tautuhi i ētahi atu mate kanohi. Hei tauira:

• Amblyopia: Ka kiia hoki tēnei ko te "kanohi mangere." He āhua tēnei e iti ake ai te tirohanga a tetahi kanohi i tērā o tetahi. Mēnā ka kitea wawetia, ka taea te rongoā.
• Te Matapōkere: He āhuatanga tēnei e pāngia ana e te tini tāngata neke atu i te 40 tau te pakeke . He āhuatanga tēnei e kore ai e taea e koe te kite mārama i ngā mea e tata ana ki a koe, pērā i te titiro ki tētahi pukapuka, ki tētahi nūpepa rānei, te wero rānei i tētahi ngira.
• Matapōkere: Koinei te mea e kīia nei e tātou he kanohi whakawhiti . Ko te wā tēnei e tahuri ai ngā kanohi ki ngā taha rerekē, kaua ki te tohu i te huarahi kotahi. He mea nui anō hoki kia tere te kite i tēnei.

He aha ngā mea hei tumanako atu i mua i te whakamātautau?

I te nuinga o te wā, kāore koe e hiahia ki te mahi i tetahi mea motuhake hei whakarite mō te retinoscopy (mō te whakamātautau kanohi katoa rānei e uru ana ki tēnei). Heoi, i ētahi wā, tera pea ētahi mea iti ka taea e koe te mahi. Mena he mea kei reira, ka kōrerotia e tō tākuta kanohi i mua i te whakamātautau. Mena kei te mau koe i ngā karaihe whakapā, ka kōrerotia hoki e tō tākuta te roa o te wā me tango atu e koe i mua i te whakamātautau.

I mua i te retinoscopy auau, ka tāpirihia e tō tākuta kanohi he pata kanohi motuhake (ngā rongoā cycloplegic) ki ō kanohi. Mā ēnei rongoā ka ārai i ō kanohi kei aro aunoa i te wā o te whakamātautau. Ki te pērā, ka uaua ki te tākuta te whakatau tika i te maha o ō mōhiti.

Heoi, ki te mea ka whakahaerehia e te tākuta tētahi tikanga motuhake e kiia nei ko te dynamic retinoscopy , kāore ēnei pata e whakamahia i mua i te whakamātautau nā te mea ka whakawhirinaki te whakamātautau ki te huarahi e arotahi ai ō kanohi.

He aha ngā mea ka tupu i te wā o te whakamātautau?

I te wā o te whakamātautau, ka noho koe ki runga i tētahi tūru i roto i tētahi rūma pōuriuri. Ka noho te tākuta kanohi ki mua i a koe. Ko tētahi o ngā taputapu ka whakamahia e rātou ko te retinoscope . He taputapu ringaringa tēnei e rite ana ki tētahi rama kaha me tētahi karāhe whakanui kua whakakotahitia. Ka taea e ia te whiti i te mārama ki roto i tō kanohi, ā, ka tirohia pai.

Ko te mea nui e whai ake nei ko te whakamahi i ngā karāhe rerekē te rahi, me te tirotiro i ngā panonitanga o te māramatanga e kitea ana e te kamo o tō kanohi. E rua ngā huarahi matua hei mahi i tēnei:

• He phoropter: He taputapu āhua pūrerehua tēnei e uru ana ki tō mata, e rua ngā kōhao hei tiro māu. He rerekē ngā karāhe o roto, kia tere ai te whakauru a te tākuta i ia takirua mōhiti.
• Ngā karāhe arotahi ringaringa: Ka taea ēnei te tae mai i te āhua o tētahi "kāri karāhe arotahi," ko te tikanga ka whakapirihia ia rahi o te karāhe arotahi ki tētahi pepa papatahi. Ka taea rānei te tae mai hei karāhe arotahi "koretake" takitahi. Ahakoa ka taea te whakawhiti tere i ngā karāhe arotahi mai i tētahi kāri karāhe arotahi, ina whakamahi ana i ngā karāhe arotahi takitahi, me tino tupato koe i te wā e whakauru ana i ia karāhe arotahi takitahi.

Ina whiti te tākuta i te mārama mā roto i tēnei karāhe ki roto i tō kanohi, e kiia nei ko te retinoscope, ka rapua e rātou ngā huringa motuhake o te whakaata whero e puta mai ana i roto i tō kamo. Ko ēnei huringa ko:

• Te nekehanga o te karāhe arotahi: Ka taea e te tākuta te kite mēnā he tika te rahi o te karāhe arotahi, he iti rawa rānei, he nui rawa rānei mā te titiro ki te āhua o te nekehanga o tēnei karāhe arotahi ki mua, ki muri.
• Koki tirohanga: Mā tēnei koki tirohanga ka āwhina i te tākuta ki te whakatau mēnā he astigmatism tōu (he āhuatanga e pōuri ai te tirohanga nā te paku rerekētanga o te āhua o te kanohi).
• Te āhua o te karaihe arotahi: Kia kitea rā anō e koe te takirua mōhiti tika māu, ka rerekē anō hoki te āhua o tēnei karaihe arotahi.

I te mea ka whiti te mārama o te tākuta ki roto i tō kanohi mā roto i te karāhe arotahi, ka nekehia e ia te mārama ki runga, ki raro, ki maui, ki matau, me te whakawhiti i ētahi wā. Ka whakawhitihia hoki e rātou ngā karāhe arotahi e whakamahia ana e rātou. Ka mahi rātou i tēnei i ētahi wā, ka tū i waenganui o te karāhe hei whakatika i te mārama o te retinoscope, hei tuhi tuhipoka rānei.

He aha te Retinoscopy Hihiri?

Ko te Retinoscopy he tikanga motuhake mō te tirotiro i ō kanohi kia kite i ngā mea e tata ana ki a koe, arā, he whakamātautau i tō rātou kaha ki te arotahi. Ko tēnei kaha ki te arotahi tata ka kiia ko te noho tahi . Ko te Dynamic Retinoscopy he tikanga ka taea e te tākuta kanohi te whakamahi hei whakamātautau i tēnei kaha.

Mena kei te whakamahi tō tākuta i te Dynamic Retinoscopy hei tirotiro i te kaha o tō kanohi ki te arotahi, he rite tonu te whakamātautau ki tērā o mua, engari kāore pea e whakamahia he karāhe whakanui. Engari, ka tono tō tākuta kia titiro koe ki ngā mea i ngā tawhiti rerekē. Ka noho ētahi mea i waenganui i a koe me te tākuta, ko ētahi kei muri i te tākuta (engari ka kitea mai i te taha o te tākuta, i runga rānei i tōna pakihiwi).

Ina tirohia ēnei mea, ka tirohia e te tākuta te mārama i roto i tō kamo mā te mārama o tana retinoscope. Ko te āhua o te nekehanga o te mārama te huarahi e whakatau ai te tākuta mēnā kei te tika te mahi a te kaha o ō kanohi ki te arotahi (ki te urutau).

He aha te mea hei tumanako atu i muri i te whakamātautau?

Mena i whakamahia e tō tākuta he pata kanohi (ngā rongoā cycloplegic) hei whakanui i tō kamo, hei aukati rānei i te arotahi o ō kanohi, ka noho whakanuia tonu ō kanohi mō tētahi wā i muri i te whakamātautau. He rerekē te roa o te wā e memeha ai ēnei rongoā. He maha ngā hāora pea te roa. Mā tō tohunga kanohi koe e kī atu kia pēhea te roa o tēnei.

Tērā pea ka pōuriuri tō tirohanga i tēnei wā, ā, tērā pea ka pāngia koe e te ao o waho. Nō reira, ka hoatu pea e tō tākuta he mōhiti kanohi rangitahi (‘ngā ārai rā’) hei mau māu. Nā te mea ka ārai ngā pata kanohi i te mimiti haere o ō karu i te mārama kanapa, me te whakaiti i te nui o te mārama e tomo ana ki ō kanohi.

He tūponotanga kei roto i tēnei whakamātautau?

Ina hoki, kāore he mōrearea nui, he pānga taha rānei o te retinoscopy. Ka taea e ngā rongoā cycloplegic i whakahuatia i mua ake nei te whakaputa pānga taha iti, engari he iti noa iho (hei tauira, he whero paku o ngā kanohi, he mākūkū). Ko ētahi tāngata he aro nui ki te mārama kanapa (e kiia ana ko te photophobia ) ka kitea pea he uaua ētahi wāhanga o te tukanga retinoscopy. Mēnā he aro nui tōu, kia mōhio koe ki te kōrero ki tō tākuta kanohi i mua i te tukanga. Ka taea hoki e koe te kōrero ki tō tākuta mō ō pātai, āwangawanga rānei mō ngā pānga taha o ngā pata kanohi.

Me pēhea te whiwhi i ngā hua?

Kia oti te retinoscopy i te tākuta kanohi, ka tatau ia i tō whakahaunga (mō tō whanaunga rānei mēnā kei te whakahaerehia te whakamātautau) mō ō mōhiti, mō te whakahaunga tirohanga rānei. He rite tonu tēnei whakahaunga ki te whakahaunga ka riro mai i a koe mai i te whakamātautau refraction subjective. Ma tō tākuta e whakamārama nga mea katoa mo tenei whakahaunga me ana painga ki a koe.

A, mehemea kāore ngā hua i whakaatu i te tirohanga noa (20/20)?

Ki te whakaatu mai ngā hua kāore koe, tō hoa aroha rānei, i te "kitenga 20/20" noa iho, kaua e manukanuka. Ma tō tohunga kanohi koe e kōrero mō ngā huarahi hei whakatika i tō tirohanga.

He maha ngā wā ka whakamahia tēnei mō:

• Ngā mōhiti kanohi
• Ngā karaihe whakapā

Heoi, ka taea e ētahi tāngata te mahi pokanga whakatikatika tirohanga pēnei i te 'LASIK' i runga i te tohutohu a te taote.

Hei whakarāpopototanga (Karere hei tango ki te kāinga)

He rite te rongoā pai ki tētahi hūtu i hangaia kia rite te ine, ā, he tino pai te taunga ki a koe. He rite te tākuta kanohi e whakamahi ana i te retinoscopy ki tētahi kaimahi tuitui mohio, e tuitui ā-ringa ana i ia tuitui kia tino taunga ai.

Ahakoa kua neke atu i te 150 tau te pakeke o tēnei tikanga, e kiia nei ko te retinoscopy, he tikanga tino noa tonu e whakamahia ana i roto i ngā whakamātautau kanohi o ia rā. Nō reira, ahakoa māu, mā tētahi rānei o tō whānau, ka taea e koe te tino mohio ka whakamahia e tō tohunga tiaki kanohi te retinoscopy hei whakarato i te rongoā pai rawa atu mō ō hiahia.

Nō reira, kāore he mea e wehi ai, e whakapae ai rānei mō tēnei. He whakamātautau tino nui tēnei mō te hauora o ō kanohi.

Nō reira, ā te wā e whai ake nei ka haere koe ki te tirotiro kanohi, ka pātai atu mō te retinoscopy, kua mōhio koe inaianei ki tōna hiranga me tōna whai huatanga!