I taua rā, i haere mai a Sudesh (23 tau te pakeke) ki taku whare hauora me te tino mataku. Nō nā tata nei ia i pānui i te ipurangi kei te tere piki haere ngā mate HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) i waenga i ngā taiohi o Sri Lanka.
"E Tākuta Priya, e tino mataku ana ahau ina kite ahau i ēnei raraunga. He tino kino rawa atu rānei te āhua o te mate i Sri Lanka? He aha te take o tēnei horapa, inā koa i waenga i ngā tāne taitamariki? Kāore e taea e tātou te mawhiti i tēnei?" te pātai a Sudesh me te tino hiahia.
I whakamārama mārire atu ahau ki a Sudesh: "E Sudesh, he mea tino nui kia pātai mai koe i tēnei pātai. Nā te mea i ēnei rā kua riro te pikinga ake o te mate HIV i waenga i te whakatupuranga taitamariki i Sri Lanka hei raruraru hauora tūmatanui nui. Engari ko te mea nui kia kaua e wehi i tēnei, engari kia mōhio ki ngā mōhiohio pūtaiao tika me ngā tikanga ārai. Me kōrero whānui tātou mō tēnei i tēnei rā."
E kōrero ana ngā raraunga: He aha te take e piki haere ai te mate HIV i waenga i ngā tāne taitamariki?
Ki te titiro tātou ki ngā raraunga mai i te Kaupapa Whakahaere Mate Tuku Ira Tangata me te AIDS ā-Motu o Sri Lanka, te āhua nei he maha ngā mate HIV hou kua pūrongohia i ngā wā tata nei he tāne taitamariki.
E ai ki ngā raraunga i whakaputaina i te tau 2022, ko te 12% o ngā mate HIV katoa ko ngā taiohi 15-24 tau te pakeke. O ēnei, 92% he tāne taitamariki, ā, 80% o rātou kua kī kua moe tāne rātou me ngā tāne kāore he parenga.
Ko te nuinga o ngā tāngata kua pangia e te HIV i puta mai i ngā rohe o Colombo, Gampaha, Kalutara me Kurunegala i ngā kawanatanga o te Hauāuru me te Tai Tokerau, me te takiwa o Galle i te kawanatanga o te Tonga. He maha ngā tāngata ka kitea kei a rātou te huaketo i muri i te wā roa. I taua wā, he tino iti te maha o ngā CD4 (te maha o ngā pūtau ārai mate) . E whakaatu ana tēnei kāore rātou i tīmata ki te whakamātautau mō te mate i te wā wawe.
He aha i nui ake ai te mōrearea o te horapa o te HIV i waenga i ngā hononga takatāpui tāne?
He maha ngā take matua e whai wāhi ana ki te pikinga ake o te mōrearea o te tuku HIV i waenga i ngā tāne e moe tāne ana (MSM) :
1. Mōrearea Koiora: I te wā e moe ana i te ira tāne, ka ngawari te whara, te rakuraku rānei i te kiko maeneene o te ira tāne, ā, ka māmā ake te uru tika atu o te huaketo i roto i ngā wai moepuku ki te tinana mā te toto.
2. Te iti o te whakamahinga o ngā ure tāne: E ai ki ngā rangahau maha, he iti noa iho (tata ki te 18%) o te hunga i roto i ngā whanaungatanga ira tāne-tāne kua whakamahi tika i ngā ure tāne i tā rātou moe tāne whakamutunga.
3. Te Whakamā i te Hapori: Nā te wehi o te whakamā i te hapori me ngā here ture, he tokomaha te hunga e huna ana i ō rātou tuakiri ira tangata. Nā tēnei ka tino āwangawanga rātou ki te haere ki ngā whare hauora me te whakamātau i te HIV.
🚨 Ngā tohu whero e hiahia ana kia rapu awhina hauora tonu
Tērā pea ka puta ngā tohu e whai ake nei i waenga i te 2 me te 6 wiki i muri i te urunga mai o te huaketo HIV ki te tinana (i te wā o te mate seroconversion), ā, ki te puta ēnei tohu i muri i taua whakapā whakapae, me haere tonu koe ki tētahi whare hauora:
- Te kirika nui tonu me te werawera nui i te pō.
- Te hekenga tere o te taumaha tinana i roto i te wā poto, kāore he take (Te whakahekenga taumaha kāore i te whakamāramatia).
- Ngā kōpuku waikura e pupuhi ana i te kaki, i ngā kēkē, i te uma rānei mō ētahi wiki.
- Te mate korere roa me ngā mate waha kāore e ora, ngā mate harore rānei.
Me pēhea te ārai i te horapa o te HIV? (Te ārai)
Ko te rongo pai, ka taea te whakakore katoa i te mōrearea o te pangia e te HIV mā te whai i ngā tikanga hauora pai:
- Te whakamahinga tika o ngā ure ārai whānau: Mā te whakamahinga tika o ngā ure ārai whānau i ia wā e moe ai koe ka taea te ārai i te horapa o te HIV mā te neke atu i te 90%.
- Te Whakamahinga o te PrEP (Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis): Ka kiia tēnei ko te pre-exposure prophylaxis . Ko tēnei rongoā, e tangohia ana i ia rā e te hunga e tino mōrearea ana ki te pangia e te HIV, ka ārai i te mōrearea o te pangia e te huaketo mā te 99%.
- Whakamātautauhia i ia wā: Me whakamātauhia te hunga e moe tāne ana mō te HIV i te iti rawa kotahi i te tau. I tēnei wā, e 86% o te hunga kua pangia i Sri Lanka e mōhio ana kei a rātou te huaketo, ā, ko te whāinga a UNAIDS (te Kaupapa Tahi o ngā Whenua Kotahi mō te AIDS) kia whakapiki ake i tēnei ki te 95%.
- Te Whakamahinga o te PEP (Post-Exposure Prophylaxis): Mena ka puta he moe tāne me te wahine kāore i te tiakina, ka taea e tēnei maimoatanga ohorere, ka mahia i roto i ngā haora 72, te ārai i te horapa o te huaketo ki roto i te tinana.
Maimoatanga: Te noho hauora me te HIV
Ahakoa i whakaarohia te HIV he mate whakamate i ngā wā o mua, nā ngā maimoatanga hauora o ēnei rā i taea ai e ngā tūroro te ora roa pērā i te tangata hauora noa.
Ko te rongoā matua ko te ART (Antiretroviral Therapy) . Ka tino whakahaerea e ēnei rongoā te horapa o te huaketo i roto i te tinana.
Tata ki te 80% o te hunga e noho tahi ana me te HIV i Sri Lanka kei te whiwhi ART i tēnei wā, ā, 87% o rātou he nui ngā huaketo kāore e kitea. Ina whakahaeretia te nui o te huaketo ki tētahi taumata kāore e kitea i roto i te whakamātautau toto (Kāore e kitea = Kāore e taea te tuku), ka heke te mōrearea o te tuku i te huaketo ki tētahi atu ki te kore (0%).
Ngā Mea Me Mahi, Ngā Mea Kaua e Mahi
| ✔️ Ngā mea hei mahi (Mahi) | ❌ Ngā mea kāore e tika ana |
|---|---|
| Ki te mea kei te moe tāne koe, haere ki tētahi whare hauora moe tāne a te kāwanatanga, ki tētahi whare hauora tūmataiti rānei e pono ana, ka whakamātauria he whakamātautau HIV muna. | Ahakoa ka puta mai ngā tohu, kaua e huna tō mate mā te kore e haere ki ngā wāhi hauora i te wehi i ngā whakaaro o te hapori. |
| Mena kei roto koe i tētahi rōpū mōrearea nui, whakamahia te PrEP i ia rā e ai ki ngā tohutohu a tō tākuta. | Kaua e whakawhitiwhiti i ngā ngira werohanga (he mea noa tēnei i waenga i ngā kaiwhakamahi tarukino). |
| Mena he HIV tōu, me tango ngā rongoā ART kua tohua e tō tākuta i ia rā, i te wā kua whakaritea, kaua e mahue. | Kaua e titiro ki te hunga e ora ana me te HIV me te mauahara, me te whakahāwea rānei. |
❓ Ētahi atu pātai pea āu (FAQ)
Kei hea ahau e whiwhi ai i ngā whakamātautau HIV kore utu i Sri Lanka? ▼
Ka taea te whakamātautau HIV i tētahi whare hauora STD a te kāwanatanga puta noa i te motu, he kore utu, me te tino muna.
Ka taea e te whakamahi i te PrEP te ārai i ētahi atu mate pāwera ira tangata (STI) ?
Kāo, ka ārai noa te PrEP i te mate HIV. Me whakamahi ngā ure tāne hei tiaki i a koe mai i ētahi atu mate tuku iho, pērā i te syphilis, te gonorrhea, te herpes rānei.
Ka taea te ārai i te horapa o te HIV mai i te whaea ki tana tamaiti? ▼
Āe, mā te whakarato i te maimoatanga ART tika ki te whaea i te wā e hapu ana, me ngā rongoā motuhake e hoatu ana ki te tamaiti i muri i te whānautanga, ka taea te whakaiti i te mōrearea o te horapa o te huaketo mai i te whaea ki te tamaiti ki raro iho i te 1%.
Ka taea e te ART te whakaora katoa i te HIV i roto i te tinana? ▼
Kāore, kāore he rongoā mō te HIV i te ao i tēnei wā. Heoi, ka taea e ngā rongoā ART te pupuri i te huaketo kia kore e mahi i roto i te tinana, ā, ka taea e te tangata te noho ora, hauora hoki.
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