Kua rongo katoa tātou i te kupu "whakaeke ngakau", kāore? Tērā pea kua pāngia tētahi o ō tātou whānau, tētahi hoa rānei. Engari i mōhio koe he rerekē ngā momo whakaeke ngakau? I tēnei rā ka kōrero tātou mō tētahi momo he kino ake, ā, me tere tonu te rongoā. Ka karangatia tēnei e ngā tākuta ko te STEMI. Kaua e manukanuka, me kōrero noa tātou mō tēnei.
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He aha i huaina ai ko STEMI? He aha te tikanga o tēnei?
I te whakarapopototanga, ko te mate manawa he aukati ohorere i te uaua e tuku toto ana ki te manawa, ka mutu te rere o te toto ki te uaua manawa. I roto i te kupu hauora, ka kiia tēnei ko te "Myocardial Infarction".
Nā, kia tirohia te pūtake mai o te ingoa STEMI. Kua kite pea koe i tētahi ECG i tangohia i tētahi hōhipera. He whakamātautau tēnā e tirotiro ana i te mahi hiko o te ngākau. I roto i tēnei, ka whakaaturia te manawa o te ngākau hei kauwhata rārangi. He rite ki tētahi rārangi ngaru, he rite ki tētahi puke, ki tētahi pari rānei.
He wāhanga motuhake kei roto i tēnei ECG, e kiia nei ko te "wāhanga-ST". Mō te tangata hauora, he papatahi tēnei wāhanga. Heoi, ina āraia rawatia tētahi uaua nui e tuku toto ana ki te ngākau, arā, ina puta he whakaeke ngākau nui, ka ara ake tēnei wāhanga ST. Pērā i tētahi puke iti.
Ka kiia tēnei ko te ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction nā te mea he teitei te wāhanga ST i runga i te ECG. Ko tōna whakarāpopototanga ko STEMI .
He tohu tino nui tēnei panonitanga ECG mā ngā tākuta, nā te mea ko tōna tikanga he nui te wāhanga o te ngākau kāore e whiwhi toto nui ana, ā, kei te mate taua wāhanga o te ngākau. Ko te tikanga me tīmata tonu te maimoatanga, me te kore e whakaroa i tētahi meneti .
Me pēhea te puta o te STEMI? He aha ngā mea ka tupu i roto i te tinana?
I te nuinga o te wā, ka puta tēnei i te paraka, arā, he puranga ngako me te cholesterol i roto i ngā oko toto o te ngākau (ngā uaua coronary). Whakaarohia he rite ki te waikura e hanga ana i roto i te paipa wai.
Ka nui haere haere ēnei papa. I tētahi rā, ka pakaru ohorere tētahi o ēnei papa. Kātahi ka whakaaro te tinana kei reira he whara. Nō reira ka hangaia he toto toto hei whakaora i taua whara. Engari ka nui haere ohorere tēnei toto toto, ā, ka ārai katoa i taua uaua.
Ko te wā tēnā ka tīmata ai te raruraru tūturu.
1. Ina āraia rawatia te uaua toto, ka kore he hāora i roto i ngā pūtau uaua o te ngākau e whiwhi ana i te toto mai i reira. Ka kiia tēnei āhuatanga he '(ischemia)'.
2. Ki te kore he hāora, ka tīmata mārire te mate o ēnei wahi mīti.
3. Ki te kore e mahi te nuinga o te ngākau i tēnei ara, kāore e taea e te ngākau te pupuhi i te toto e tika ana ki te tinana. Ka taea e tēnei te arahi ki tētahi āhuatanga whakamate e kiia nei ko te "cardiogenic shock".
4. Waihoki, ka taea e te uaua ngākau kua pakaru te whakararuraru i te mahi hiko o te ngākau, ka mutu ohorere te patu o te ngākau (te aukati ngākau).
Ko te STEMI he mate ngakau kino rawa atu. Koia te mea nui kia haere ki te hōhipera i te tīmatanga o ngā tohu. Ki te taea e koe te whakatuwhera wawe i te uaua kua purua, me te whakahoki mai i te rere o te toto, ka taea e koe te whakaiti i te kino o te ngakau.
He aha te rerekētanga i waenga i te STEMI me te NSTEMI?
Kua rongo pea koe i te NSTEMI. He rerekētanga nui kei waenganui i ngā mea e rua.
| Āhuatanga | STEMI (momo kino rawa) | NSTEMI (momo iti ake te kino) |
|---|---|---|
| Te aukati i ngā oko toto | Kua āraia rawatia. Kua mutu rawa te rere o te toto. | Ko tētahi wāhanga anake kua āraia. Kei te rere tonu te toto. |
| Huringa ECG | Kua mārama te teitei o te wāhanga ST (ST-Elevation). | Kāore he pikinga o te wāhanga ST. Tērā pea ka kitea ētahi atu huringa iti. |
| Te pakaru o te ngākau | I te nuinga o te wā ka nui ake te kino e puta. | He iti noa te kino. |
| Te tautuhi | Ka taea te kite tonu atu mā te ECG. | Hei tautuhi, me whai whakamātautau i roto i te toto mō tētahi whākōkī e kiia nei ko Troponin . |
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Check Availability →Ko wai te mea tino mōrearea ki te whakawhanake i tēnei?
Ka taea te wehewehe i ngā āhuatanga mōrearea e pāngia ai te mate ngakau ki ngā wāhanga e rua: ko ngā mea ka taea e tātou te whakahaere me ngā mea kāore e taea e tātou te whakahaere.
| Ngā āhuatanga mōrearea ka taea e tātou te whakarerekē | Ngā āhuatanga mōrearea kāore e taea te whakarerekē |
|---|---|
| 🚬 Te kai hikareti: Koinei te hoariri nui rawa atu. | 👴 Tau: Ka piki ake te mōrearea i te pakeketanga. |
| 🍔 Te cholesterol teitei: Ngā kai he nui te hinu me te ngako. | 👨👩👧 Hītori whānau: Ngā mātua, ngā tuākana/teina e pāngia ana e te mate manawa i te wā taitamariki. |
| 🩺 Te toto toto tiketike: Kāore e taea te whakahaere. | 🧍♂️ Ira Tangata: Ko ngā tāne te nuinga o te wā ka nui ake te mōrearea i te wā taitamariki. Ko ngā wāhine te hunga ka nui ake te mōrearea i muri i te paheketanga. |
| 🍬 Mate huka: Kāore e taea te whakahaere i ngā taumata huka toto. | 🧬 Ngā take ira: Ētahi āhuatanga e kitea ana i te whānautanga. |
| ⚖️ Te momona nui me te puku e puta mai ana. | |
| 🏃 Te kore whakakori tinana me te noho noa. | |
| 😥 Te ahotea nui rawa atu. |
He aha ngā tohu ka taea te tautuhi?
Kāore e rite ngā tohu o te mate manawa mō te katoa, engari ko ngā tohu tino kitea ko:
- Te mamae o te uma, te kore rānei e pai: Koinei te tohu matua. Ka rite ki te kare ā-roto e piri ana, e taumaha ana, e kōpiri ana rānei i waenganui o te uma. Tērā pea ka roa ake tēnei mamae i ngā meneti torutoru.
- Te horapa o te mamae ki ētahi atu wāhi: Ka horapa te mamae o te uma ki te ringa maui, ki ngā ringa e rua, ki ngā pakihiwi, ki te kaki, ki te kauae, ki te tuara, ki te puku o runga rānei.
- Te uaua ki te manawa: Tērā pea ka pōturi te manawa, me te mamae o te uma, me te kore rānei.
- Te werawera: Tērā pea ka pāngia koe e te makariri, ā, ka tīmata te werawera.
- Whakapairuaki me te ruaki: Ka rite ki te puku mamae, ki te gastritis.
- Pōuriuri me te ngoikore: Te pōuriuri, te kore e taea te tū.
- Te mataku nui: Tērā pea ka nui tō mataku, tae atu ki te wehi o te mate, ahakoa te kore take.
Ngā āhuatanga motuhake ki ngā wāhine
I ētahi wā, kāore pea ngā wāhine e tino mamae te uma. Engari, ka pāngia pea rātou e ēnei tohu.
- Ngenge rerekē: Ka tino ngenge koe mō ētahi rā.
- Te kore moe.
- Te uaua ki te manawa.
- Te mamae i te tuara, i ngā pakihiwi, me te kauae.
- Whakapairuaki me te ruaki.
Ko te mea nui, ki te pāngia koe e ngā tohu pēnei, kaua e whakaaro noa, "He mate kapia pea tēnei," engari me haere tonu ki te Tari Whawhati Tata o te hōhipera (ETU).
He aha te momo maimoatanga e mahia ana i te hōhipera?
I roto i te STEMI, he mea nui te wā hei whakaora ora, nō reira he tino tere te maimoatanga.
1. Tātaritanga tonu: Ina kawea koe ki te ETU, ka mahia he ECG hei whakaū mēnā he STEMI.
2. Rongoā whakarewa toto totoka: I ētahi hōhipera, ka werohia (thrombolysis) hei whakarewa i te toto totoka kua mau.
3. Te angioplasty me te whakatakotoranga stent (PCI): Koinei te maimoatanga pai rawa atu, hou rawa atu hoki mō te STEMI. I roto i tēnei, ka whakauruhia he ngongo tino angiangi mā roto i te uaua i te ringa, i te waewae rānei ki roto i te ngākau ki te uaua kua āraia. Kātahi ka pupuhihia he poihau iti i te pito o te ngongo hei whakatuwhera i te uaua kua āraia, ā, ka whakanohoia he taputapu rite ki te mata e kiia nei ko te "stent" ki taua wāhi hei ārai i te aukati anō. Ka kiia tēnei ko te "(Percutaneous Coronary Intervention - PCI)".
4. Pokanga taha (Pokanga CABG): Mena he maha ngā oko toto kua āraia, kāore rānei e taea te PCI, ka mahia te pokanga hei hanga oko toto hou. He rite tēnei ki te hanga i tētahi 'rerenga' hou hei taha i te huarahi kua āraia.
5. Ētahi atu rongoā:Haunga ēnei maimoatanga, me tango e koe ētahi atu rongoā, pērā i ngā rongoā whakaiti toto (pērā i te aspirin), ngā rongoā whakaheke cholesterol (statins), me ngā rongoā whakahaere tere ngakau (beta-blockers), mō te toenga o tō oranga.
Me aha ahau mēnā he āhuatanga ohorere? Me waea atu ahau ki te 1990? Me haere rānei ahau i runga i te motuka?
He pātai tino nui tēnei. Ki te whakaaro koe kei te pāngia koe, tetahi atu rānei e tata ana ki a koe, ngā tohu o te mate manawa, kaua rawa e taraiwa i a koe ki te hōhipera. Kaua rawa e tono ki tētahi atu kia taraiwa i a koe.
Ko te mea pai ko te waea atu tonu ki tētahi ratonga waka tūroro pēnei i te 1990.
he aha rā te take?
- He mea whakangungu motuhake ngā āpiha i runga i te waka tūroro mō ēnei momo āhuatanga ohorere. Ka taea e rātou te tīmata ki te whakarato i te maimoatanga taketake (pēnei i te hāora) i a koe e haria ana ki te hōhipera.
- Ka taea e rātou te whakamōhio atu ki te ETU o te hōhipera i mua i te wā, me te whakarato i ngā taipitopito mō te tūroro. Kātahi, ina tae atu koe, ka rite ngā tākuta me ngā nēhi ki te rongoā i a koe. Ka penapenahia te wā nui.
- Mena ka puta he āhuatanga ohorere, pērā i te mate manawa, kei te waka tūroro ngā taputapu e tika ana (pērā i te defibrillator) hei rongoā. Kāore e taea te mahi i tēnā i roto i te waka kāinga.
Kia maumahara, he mea nui ia hēkona i roto i te STEMI. Nō reira, mā te whakatau tika ka taea te whakaora i te ora.
Karere Tangohia ki te Kāinga
- He momo whakaeke ngakau tino kino te STEMI e puta mai ana i te aukati katoa o te uaua toto e tuku toto ana ki te ngakau.
- Ko ngā tohu matua ko te mamae nui i waenganui o te uma, te poto o te manawa, me te werawera. Kaua e warewaretia nā te mea he gastritis.
- Ki te pāngia koe e tētahi o ēnei tohu, waea atu ki te waka tūroro i runga i te tere tonu, ka haere ki te Wāhanga Maimoatanga Ohotata (ETU) o te hōhipera.
- He mea nui te wā. Mēnā ka taea te tīmata wawe i te maimoatanga, ka tino whakaitihia te kino o te ngākau.
- Ka taea te ārai i tēnei āhuatanga mā te karo i te momi hikareti, te whakahaere i te cholesterol, te toto toto tiketike, me te mate huka, te kai i ngā kai hauora, me te whakakori tinana. Kōrerohia tēnei ki tō tākuta i ia wā, i ia wā.
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