Ko wai rā ngā pūreirei? Ngā mea me mōhio koe mō ēnei rama ririki (ngā pepeke uira / ngā pūreirei)

Kua kite koe i ngā rama ririki e pīataata ana, e pīataata ana i a koe e hikoi ana ki waho i te kāinga i te pō, i a koe e hikoi ana i te huarahi o te kāinga? Pērā i ngā whetū ririki. Ka titiro matatau tātou ki a rātou. Ka karanga tātou i ēnei pepeke ririki ko 'ngā pepeke uira'. He nui ake ngā kōrero whakamere me ngā kōrero miharo mō ēnei hoa iti e homai ana i te mārama i tā tātou e whakaaro nei. I tēnei rā ka kōrero tātou mō ēnei ngārara mura, arā, ko 'Ngā Ngārara Uira'' ko 'Ngā Ngārara Mura' rānei te ingoa i te reo Pākehā.

Ko wai rā ēnei pūahi?

Tuatahi, ko te mea nui hei kī atu, ehara ngā pūngāwerewere i te momo pūngāwerewere. Ahakoa te kupu "pūngāwerewere" i roto i tō rātou ingoa, he momo pītau tonu rātou. Hei whakamārama, nō te whānau pītau `(Lampyridae) rātou. Neke atu i te 2,000 ngā momo o ēnei pūngāwerewere puta noa i te ao.

Whakaarohia te mīharo o te huringa ora o ēnei mea ririki. I te nuinga o te wā, ka whakatakoto te uwha i ana hua ki te oneone makuku. Ka noho ngā torongū e puta mai ana i ēnei hua ki raro i te whenua puta noa i te takurua. Kātahi ka puta hei punua i te puna, ā, ka huri hei ngā ngārara rere e kitea ana e tātou.

Nā, he aha te kai a ēnei pūngāwerewere? Ko ētahi momo pūngāwerewere, inā koa kei roto i te wāhanga torongū, he kai kikokiko. Ko te tikanga ka whaiwhai rātou, ka kai hoki i ngā kararehe iti pērā i te ngata me te noke. Ka werohia e rātou he matū mai i ō rātou tinana ki roto i te kai, ka pararutiki, kātahi ka kainga. Heoi, he maha ngā wā ka kai ngā pūngāwerewere pakeke i ngā mea pērā i te nekita me te hae. Ko te mea whakamiharo ko ētahi momo pūngāwerewere pakeke ka ora me te kore e kai i tetahi mea !

Me pēhea te putanga mai o te māramatanga i roto i tēnei tinana iti?

Ko te pātai nui rawa atu ina kite tātou i te pūreirei ko, "Me pēhea te whakaputa māramatanga o tēnei mea iti?" He tukanga koiora whakamiharo tēnei. Ko te bioluminescence te ingoa.

He okana motuhake kei raro i ngā pūngāwerewere hei whakaputa mārama. E rua ngā matū kei roto i ēnei okana.

1. Luciferin: He tae e āwhina ana ki te whakaputa mārama.

2. Luciferase: He whākōkī e whakakorikori ana i tētahi tauhohenga matū.

I te aroaro o te hāora, ka huihui tēnei luciferin me te luciferase ka tauhohe ki tētahi atu pūtake pūngao, he ngota e kiia nei ko te ``(ATP)``. Ka puta te mārama hei hua o tēnei tauhohenga.

Ko te mea motuhake ko tēnei he "rama makariri". Arā, kāore e moumou pūngao hei wera pērā i ngā pūangi rama e whakamahia ana e tātou. Tata ki te 100% o te pūngao e whakamahia ana ka hurihia hei mārama. Koinei te pūtake mārama tino whai hua o te ao!

He paitini ki a tātou ngā pūngāwerewere? Ka ngau rānei rātou?

He raruraru tēnei e pā ana ki te tini tāngata. Tērā pea ka āwangawanga ngā mātua mō tēnei, inā koa he pai ki ngā tamariki nohinohi te pā atu ki ngā pūngāwerewere.

Ko te rongo pai rawa atu, kāore he kino o ngā pūngāwerewere ki te tangata . Kāore he niho o rātou hei ngau i a tātou. Kāore hoki e tuku mate ki te tangata. Ka taea e koe te pupuri haumaru i te pūngāwerewere ki tō ringa, ka titiro ki tōna mārama, kātahi ka tukuna marietia.

Heoi, he "engari" iti kei konei. Ahakoa kāore ngā pūngāwerewere i te paitini ki te tangata, ka taea e rātou te paitini ki ētahi atu kararehe e ngana ana ki te kai i a rātou. Ko ētahi momo pūngāwerewere ka whakaputa i ngā steroids parepare e kiia nei ko "lucibufagins" i roto i ō rātou tinana. He matū paitini ēnei, he tino kino te reka.

Whakaarohia mēnā ka ngana tētahi mokomoko, pūngāwerewere, kiore, tae noa ki tētahi pepeke ngūngū ki te kai, ka pāngia rātou e tēnei reka kino. He paitini, ā, ka taea e rātou te whakamāuiui. Nō reira, ko te kararehe kua kai i tētahi pepeke ngūngū, ā, kua pāngia e te raruraru, e kore e titiro anō ki taua māramatanga. Koinei te āhua o te tiaki a ngā pepeke ngūngū i a rātou anō.

He aha i tahuna ai e ngā kaipatu ahi te ahi?

He rite ēnei tohu mārama ki te reo o ngā pepeke mura. E rua ngā take matua e whakamahia ai tēnei mārama.

1. Kimihia he hoa: Ka whiti ngā rama a ngā pepeke tāne i roto i tētahi tauira motuhake i a rātou e rere ana. Me te mea kei te kī rātou, "Kei konei ahau, ko wai e hiahia ana ki tētahi?" Mena ka pai te tauira a te uwha i runga i te whenua, ka whakautu ia mā te whiti kotahi i ana rama. He tauira ahurei tō ia momo.

2. Whakamataku i ngā kaipahua: E ai ki te kōrero i mua ake nei, ka āwhina hoki tēnei mārama ki te whakamōhio i ngā kaipahua he paitini (kino) ō rātou tinana.

Heoi, i ētahi wā ka raru ngā pepeke kōpurapura i tēnei mārama. Kei reira ngā pepeke kōpurapura uwha o te momo `(Photuris)`, e whakaputa ana i ngā tauira mārama e rite ana ki ērā o ngā pepeke kōpurapura uwha o tētahi atu momo `(Photinus)`, ā, ka kukume mai i ngā tāne, ka patu, ka kai! He āhuatanga whakamiharo, he āhua nanakia hoki tēnei o te taiao.

Kei te ngaro haere ngā pūngāwerewere?

Ae, ko te rongo pouri. Kei te tere heke te taupori o ēnei mea hanga ririki e arohaina ana e tātou katoa puta noa i te ao. Ko te take matua o tēnei ko ā tātou mahi tangata.

• Te Parahanga Mārama: Ka āraihia e ngā mārama kanapa o ngā tāone me ngā kāinga ngā tohu mārama e whakamahia ana e ngā pepeke kōpurapura hei kimi i ā rātou hoa, ā, he arai nui tēnei ki tā rātou whakaputa uri.
• Te Ngaronga o te Nohoanga: Ina whakawāteatia ngā repo, ngā ngahere, me ngā whenua tarutaru e noho ana ngā pepeke, ā, ina hangaia he whare, kāore he wāhi noho mō rātou. Nā te mea kāore ngā pepeke i te taunga ki te neke ki ngā wāhi hou, ki te ngaro tō rātou kāinga, ka ngaro tonu atu rātou i reira.
• Te whakamahinga o ngā patu pepeke: Ka patua e ngā patu pepeke e whakamahia ana i roto i te mahi ahuwhenua me te māra ngā pepeke ngūngū me ō rātou torongū.

Ahakoa e aroha ana tātou ki te ataahua o ngā ngārara, kāore tātou i te mōhio kei te whai wāhi atu tātou ki te whakakorenga atu i tēnei ao.